Impact of Biofuels on Biodiversity and Sustainable Future
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This research aims at identifying the negative impact of fossil fuel and promoting the use of biofuels for sustainable development. Analyzing the impact of biofuels on the sustainable development of the environment in the future.
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Running head: BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Impact of Biofuels on bio-diversity and sustainable future Name of the Student Name of the University
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2 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Abstract The use of fossil fuel has been rapidly used in the world for energy consumption. However, this have been creating negative issues in the environment including pollution. Therefore, this research aims at identifying negative impact of fossil fuel and promoting use of biofuels for sustainable development. The aim of the research is to analyze impact of biofuels on the sustainable development of environment in future. Various research papers and journals have been analysed for getting data and information related to biofuels, biodiversity and sustainable future. Data has been critically analyze about the importance of biofuels and negative impact of fossil fuels. The methodology selected for the research has been of qualitative method. Various research journals, books, and articles have been selected for collecting data and information related to biofuels and fossil fuels. The impact of biofuels on the sustainable future has been depicted from those journals and articles. Data has been analyzed using qualitative data analysis method. Three themes have been created using research objectives and thoroughly analysed. The research has followed all ethical consideration under academic research guidelines.
3 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................4 Biofuel production and global biofuel industry...............................................................................4 Methodology....................................................................................................................................7 Analysis and discussion...................................................................................................................8 Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................15 References......................................................................................................................................16
4 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Introduction Biofuels have been emerging as a topic of debate at international level. There have been various countries included in the G8+5 countries have been targeting biofuels in their discussion. For example, The European Union set up a goal that 10% of the vehicles will be using renewable resources by 2020 (Doll and Gasparatos2015). The US Energy Security and Independence Act have been requiring 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels changed into gasoline by 2022 (German et al. 2016). There have been increased in the prices of food as conversion of food crops into fuel have been increased. These concerns have been becoming topic for debate in many researches. However, biofuels have been reducing the effect of greenhouse gases in the environment. Liquid biofuels have been providing substitute for fossil fuels in the transport industry. These have been contributing to the climatic changes and energy security to various companies in transport industry. However, development of biofuel has realized potential benefits and guiding against multiple risks in the application of similarly diverse set. This essay has been focused on impact of biofuels on the sustainable development of future. The negative impact of fossil fuel on the environment have been reflected in the essay. Biofuel production and global biofuel industry The developmentof motorizedvehicleshave beenincreasingin the21stcentury. Therefore, the use of the vehicles have been increasing with years. The use of fossil fuels have been increasing in the transport industry. However, it has been causing pollution in the environment. Biomass has been used in order to produce energy in various forms including heat, electricity, solid and gaseous forms. These energy forms have been used in different purposes.
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5 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE The transport sector has been using the liquid form of energy from biomass and biofuel. Biofuel has been using ten percent of the global energy. The global production of ethanol has been increased from 18 billion liters to 52 billion liters in 2008 (Jansson and Romppanen 2016). This has been creating a huge impact on the transport industry as policymakers and business representatives have been investing in this matter. Biofuels have been substitute for high priced petroleum. There have been various biofuels that can provide huge opportunity in the market. Energy:In current years, the world has been consuming 86 million barrels of oil per day. This value has been supposed to increase to 118 million barrels per day by 2030. According to various ongoing research, most of the incremental fuel will be from Middle East. Therefore, there have been keen approach in the development of the use of fuels in the world. As commented bySwarret al. (2017), biofuels have been a proper alternative for the use of fossil fuel. The last two years have been difficult for meeting demand of fuels and stock price has been increased to $140 per barrel. This has triggered huge difficulty for poor countries.Various researches have been predicting about growth in price of fuel in coming years.The demand of fuel has not been able to meet up by the use of fossil fuels as there are limited amount of fossil fuel in the world. There has been debate on the use of fossil fuel in the transport industry. Debate has been going on energy security purposes and finding alternatives for the fossil fuel. Climate:There has been global debate on the climate change issue. This issue has been growing on a daily basis. The debate has been on the use of fossils fuel in the transport industry. Petrol and diesel vehicles have been producing global pollution in the environment. Transport sectorhasbeencontributingaround25%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissionintheair (Rajalakshmi 2016). Therefore, there has been need of alternative to fossil fuels. The biofuel has been credited as suitable replacement as fuel against fossil fuels. As argued byScarlat et al.
6 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE (2015), biofuel has been costlier than that of fossil fuel.However,Narodoslawsky, Maier and Eder(2015) commented that this cost has been low than its impact in the environment.The sustainable development of future can be done by the use of biofuels in the transport industry. As argued byWolfslehneret al. (2016), the net emission of greenhouse gases has been varying depending in the feedstock and technologies used in the production of biofuel. Economicdevelopment:AssuggestedbyKaurandSharma(2016),biofuelsand feedstock have been an important source of income for exporting in developing nations.The export activities have been depending upon the production of biofuels in the countries. Figure 1: Worldwide Ethanol and Biodiesel production 1980-2006 (Source:Kumar, Prasanthkumar and Ray 2016) The above figure shows that there have been increase in the production of ethanol and biofuel all over the world. The major ethanol producing countries have been Brazil, China, India, the United States and France. As commented byShafiei and Abadi(2017), market of biofuels have been increasing in rapid speed. However,Rathoreet al. (2019) argued that the number of increment have been still very low in respect to the world. Most of the vehicles in the transport
7 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE sector have been running on fossil fuels. Therefore, it will be a difficult task for replacing fossil fuel into biofuels. Biofuels have been produced from biomass applications including heating, cooking, and transport and cooling.This can be solid, liquid or gas in form. The transport industry has been using these fuels in large capacity. As commented byAhmedet al. (2018), the relationship between biofuel and biodiversity has been prominent in the environment. Biodiversity has been termed as the variety of animals and plants in the given area.Therefore, a sustainable development of the biodiversity has been an important role in the environment.Most of the biofuels have been looking for the sustainable development of the environment. As argued by Marsden and Farioli(2015), recent global pollution rate has been increased by 6% in the world. This has been causing global warming in the environment due to which negative impact has been faced in the environment. Fossil fuels have been playing a negative role in the development of the environment. Methodology Methodology has been an important part of the study. It has been helping in providing scientificapproachtotheconductthestudy.Therehavebeenvariouselementsinthe methodology.The research design has been kept descriptive as it helps in maintaining keen approach in the study.The objectives of the study have been focused by using descriptive research design. The exploratory research design does not provide any type of conclusion to the study materials explored in the process. Data collection method has been important part of the methodology. The two types of data collection process have been primary and secondary data collection method (Vilà and Hulme 2017). The primary data collection method has been focused in raw collected from conducting online survey with participants. The secondary data collection
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8 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE method consist of data collecting from secondary sources. The secondary source include online journals, books, articles and governmental database. The secondary data collection method has been selected in this study.Data has been collected form on-line journals and books that are related to the biofuels and fossil fuels. There have been 15 journals selected that are published after 2012.The validity and reliability of journals have been checked properly. The author name and publishing module has been provided in the journals. This shows the reliability and validity of the journals.Data analysis has of two parts including qualitative and quantitative data analysis method (Reim et al. 2017). The quantitative data analysis method has been focused on the data collected from primary data collection method. However, in this study, data has been collected from secondary method of data collection.Therefore, qualitative data analysis has been selected for this study. Thematic analysis has been done by creating three themes based on the research. This study has used all the ethical consideration that are based on academic background. Data and information used in the study has been kept secured under Data Protection Act 1998. All research papers have been taken after 2012 year and related to impact of biofuels on sustainable development in future. The transparency in the data collection process has been kept in the research. Analysis and discussion This section has focused on analyzing the impactof biofuels ion the sustainable development of the environment and biodiversity. There have been three themes created that have helped in analyzing and discussion on the topic of biofuels and sustainable development. Concerns about biofuels
9 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE There have been multiple goals that might seek to production of biofuels. There have been various benefits of the biofuels in the transport industry. As commented byEfroymson, Dale and Langholtz(2017), biofuels have been helping in minimizing the pollution rate in the environment.The production of biofuels have been helping in increasing the trade of a country in the market all over the world. The use of the biofuels have been helping in maintaining keen approach in the development of the sustainable biodiversity. As argued byFoleyet al. (2017), Biofuels have higher prices than that of fossil fuels.The price of production of biofuels have been higher and cannot be affordable by all individuals. The carbon mitigation of biofuels have been surrounding around its productions.Scarlat et al. (2015)argued that increase in the production of biofuels might increase the flow of nitrogen in the lakes and other water bodies. This might damage the water ecosystem gradually. Intensive use of land for producing biofuels have been creating serious impacts on the conservation and ecosystem services in the livelihood biodiversity. However, as commented byFultonet al. (2015), biodiversity has been helping in maintaining a sustainable balance in the environment. The use of the biofuels have been helping in providing a keen approach in the development of the genetic resources in the land. As argued byHerbert and Krishnan(2016), there have been economic challenges in the production of the biofuels. Several tropicalcountriesare poor and can be targeted for future investments. Therefore, they lack in investing ion transportation and agricultural field. There have been trade barriers for poorer countries all over the world. Therefore, the mass production of biofuel might be a loss for poor countries. The infrastructure for transportation in the poor countries have been low and there are less number of use of fossil fuels in the market. Therefore, the use of the biofuel have been costlier for them.This has triggered huge difficulty for poor countries. Various researches have been predicting about growth in price of fuel in coming years. The GDP
10 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE of the country might get decreased gradually. As argued byIngraoet al. (2016), the political condition of such countries have been unstable.Therefore, the project planning fir the biofuel production get hampered.The public policy and potential benefits of biofuel production might get overweight in cost. Therefore, it has been important to characterize these concerns that have been raised against biofuels. Some of the categories have been mentioned below: Food vs Fuel:As per the reports of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), global food prices have been increased gradually. There have been agricultural commodities have been affected including major grains rice, wheat and maize. Demand of food has been growing in the market in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. However, experts have analyzed about the important role of biofuel production in increasing food prices. Agricultural practices have been changing with the increase in the biofuel production.Therefore, the prices of food have been increasing gradually. As argued byJohariet al. (2015), the increase in the food prices have been settled due to the increment in the production of biofuels. The last two years have been difficult for meeting demand of fuels and stock price has been increased to $140 per barrel. The demand of fuel has not been able to meet up by the use of fossil fuels as there are limited amount of fossil fuel in the world. Greenhouse gases:The production of biofuel using sugarcane based ethanol has been resulting in significant increase in the amount of carbon dioxide emission in the atmosphere. Therefore, this has been causing global pollution in the environment. As commented by (0, there are some other biofuel production that have been producing less reduction and increases net carbon emissions. As argued byKircher(2015), biofuel production also include clearing of forests in order to get resources for production of biofuel. Therefore, this has been increasing the amount of deforestation in the environment. The use of the biofuels have been creating massive
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11 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE impact in the environmental analysis of the biodiversity. Emission of greenhouse gases have been increased due to the biofuel production.The amount of Nitrogen dioxide has been increasing in both water and air.Therefore, this have been degrading water and air ecosystem. These concerns have been raised by different experts working on different researches. As argued byKonaduet al. (2015), there have been several instances in which biofuel production have been increasing oxidation process that results in increasing heat bin the air. As commented byLiuet al. (2015), biofuel developments has been resulting in greenhouse gas emissions rather than reducing erodes climatic goals.There have been various policies that are required for the development of safety measures in the environment. Ecosystems:Greenhousegasesemissionshavebeenmainfocusoftheanalysis. However, the damage done to the ecosystems have been another side of the biofuel production. As argued byRahmanet al. (2017), there have been various negative impacts including Air pollution, water pollution, deforestation and loss in biodiversity. The use of water irrigation system has been degrading due to the biofuel production (Mardhiah et al. 2017). Market Concerns:There have been several issues in the market regarding the biofuel production. Various technologies have been used in the biofuel production that have been leading to the degradation of the environment. The market trend have been focusing in the demand of biofuel for transport sector.As argued byMarsden and Farioli(2015), demand of biofuelhasbeenincreasinginthemarketthathavebeenhelpinginincreasingbiofuel production. However,Milanoet al. (2016) commented that this cost has been low than its impact in the environment. The environmental land use has been affecting the economic cost. As argued byOzturk(2016), there have been negative impact in the trade as tariffs and non-tariffs barriers have been acting in the trade. The potential of biofuels have been impacted on the trade market.
12 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE These policies have been reducing access to lower priced biofuels in various consuming countries. Solutions to challenges in Biofuels Various researches have been showing negative impacts of biofuel on the environment as discussed in earlier sections.However, there can be some points that can help in maintaining a keen approach in the development of the sustainable biodiversity using biofuels. Industry Development:As commented byRobertsonet al. (2017), infrastructure support and increase in research and development processes in the industries have been helping in increasing sustainable growth of the biofuel production. The biofuel has been credited as suitable replacement as fuel against fossil fuels. Various governmental policies have been introduced in the biofuel industry for positive development. This can be introduced in the major section of the biofuel production that might help in sustainable development. Responsibility actions have been helping in decreasing the negative impacts of biofuel production in the market. The portfolio production in the market has been helping in maintaining proper approach. Infrastructure Development:The production of biofuel has been going in at mass scale. Therefore, there has been a need of development of infrastructure for sustainable production. The development of proper physical infrastructure have been helping in minimizing the emission of carbon dioxide in the air. As argued byRulliet al. (2016), biofuel has been costlier than that of fossil fuel. Various filters have been installed in the new industries of biofuel production. The use of several transport industries have been providing electric vehicles that have been helping in minimize smoke emission in the air. The research and development if industries have been looking for the development of the sustainable development of biofuel production in the market.
13 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Transport sector has been contributing around 25% of global carbon dioxide emission in the air. Therefore, there has been need of alternative to fossil fuels. Standards and Certification:Session participants have been expressing broad agreement in the creation of proper standards and certification protocols have been necessary. Various industries need to be properly certified under standards. This can be maintained in order to proper propaganda in the sustainable development (Scarlat et al. 2015). The emergence of biofuels have been helping buyers and sellers to maintain a proper price in the market.The use of different commodities in the biofuel have been maintained properly.There have been proper certification in the industries for minimizing greenhouse gases emissions. Various methods that have been used for the production of biofuel have been properly checked in order to maintain the standards. Greenhouse gases have been continuously harming the sustainable development of the biodiversity. Several guidelines have been provided to the industries for production of biofuel gases in the commodities. The use of variety of processes have been tested in order to minimize the emission of greenhouse gases. In current years, the world has been devouring 86 million barrels of oil for each day. This esteem has should increment to 118 million barrels for every day by 2030 (Trainor, McDonald and Fargione 2016). As indicated by different continuous research, a large portion of the steady fuel will be from Middle East. Accordingly, there have been sharp methodology in the improvement of the utilization of powers on the planet. As remarked by Shafiei and Abadi(2017), biofuels have been a legitimate option for the utilization of non- renewable energy source. The most recent two years have been troublesome for fulfilling need of fills and stock cost has been expanded to $140 per barrel. This has activated immense trouble for poor nations (Scarlat et al. 2015). Different looks into have been anticipating about development in cost of fuel in coming years. The interest of fuel has not had the capacity to get together by the
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14 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE utilization of non-renewable energy sources as there are constrained measure of petroleum derivative on the planet. There has been banter on the utilization of petroleum product in the vehicle business. Discussion has been going on vitality security purposes and discovering choices for the petroleum product. There has been worldwide discussion on the environmental change issue. This issue has been developing once a day. The discussion has been on the utilization of fossils fuel in the vehicle business. Petroleum and diesel vehicles have been creating worldwide contamination in the earth. Transport division has been contributing around 25% of worldwide carbon dioxide emanation noticeable all around. Along these lines, there has been need of option in contrast to non-renewable energy sources. The biofuel has been acknowledged as appropriate substitution as fuel against petroleum products. As contended byMardhiah et al. (2017),biofuel has been costlier than that of petroleum product. In any case,Rajalakshmi (2016)remarked that this expense has been low than its effect in the earth. Biofuels have been created from biomass applications including warming, cooking, and transport and cooling. This can be strong, fluid or gas in structure. The vehicle business has been utilizing these powers in extensive limit. As remarked byRajalakshmi (2016), the connection among biofuel and biodiversity has been conspicuous in the earth. Biodiversity has been named as the assortment of creatures and plants in the given zone. Along these lines, a feasible advancement of the biodiversity has been a vital job in nature. A large portion of the biofuels have been searching for the economic advancement of nature. As contended byScarlat et al. (2015), later worldwide contamination rate has been expanded by 6% on the planet. This has been causing an unnatural weather change in the earth because of which negative effect has been looked in the earth. Non-renewable energy sources have been assuming a negative job in the advancement of the earth.
15 BIOFUELS, BIO-DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Session members have been communicating expansive assertion in the making of legitimate models and affirmation conventions have been essential. Different businesses should be appropriately confirmed under gauges. This can be kept up so as to legitimate publicity in the practical advancement (Scarlat et al. 2015). There was support at the Session for the possibility that while gauges or affirmation conventions might be expected to acknowledge a significant number of the real objectives for the practical improvement of biofuels, endeavors to control or direct biofuels through any single worldwide accreditation procedure or standard are probably goingtofallflat.Ratheraffirmationproceduresoughttobefocusedtowardsexplicit, unmistakably characterized issues that are not, or can't be, tended to by other administrative or approach system. Conclusion It can be concluded that the impact of biofuels has been positive on the sustainable development of future. As discussed in the chapter about the problems of fossil fuels in transport sector regarding pollution and increased oil prices, this research has helped in analyzing replacement of fossil fuels by biofuels. The importance and benefits of biofuels have been discussed in this section. All themes have been helping in supporting and analyzing objectives of the research. References Ahmed, A., Bakar, M.S.A., Azad, A.K., Sukri, R.S. and Mahlia, T.M.I., 2018. Potential thermochemicalconversionofbioenergyfromAcaciaspeciesinBruneiDarussalam:A review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,82, pp.3060-3076.
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