BIOL2034 - BIOINFORMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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Added on 2019-10-31
BIOL2034 - BIOINFORMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Added on 2019-10-31
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Running head: BIOINFORMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 1Bioinformatics and its ApplicationsSaleh AlbahouthS3494489
BIOINFORMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 2ContentsSummary..........................................................................................................................................2Specific examples of bioinformatics application.............................................................................5Matcol – A cancer diagnostic tool...............................................................................................5Genomic Target Scan (GT-Scan).................................................................................................6Viral Diseases Drug.....................................................................................................................7Meme Suite..................................................................................................................................8Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................10Reference.......................................................................................................................................11
BIOINFORMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 3Bioinformatics and its ApplicationsSummaryBioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field comprising of genetics, molecular biology, mathematics, statistics and computer science. This field can simply be envisioned as a merger between biology, information technology (IT) and computer [ CITATION Can14 \l 1033 ]. Primarily,bioinformatics aims to facilitate the discovery and characterisation of new biological insights anddesign a global viewpoint from which unifying biological principles can be discerned. Bioinformatics has three fundamental sub-disciplines, which are pursued by bioinformaticians globally. Firstly, the creation of new statistics and algorithms that can be used to identify relations among individual members of large data sets (Chiang, 2009). Secondly, it is the evaluation and elucidation of different kinds of data such as nucleotides and amino acids, proteinstructures, and protein domains. The lastly sub-discipline is the creation and application of tools that allow for systematic assessment and organisation of various types of biological information. Evidently, the definition and understanding of bioinformatics are not universal globally. Researchers, however, agree that bioinformatics is the creation of advanced information as well as computational technologies for solving biological problems (Wightman & Hark, 2012). As a result, this field entails the storage, retrieval, evaluation and interpretation of biological data. There are four steps in deriving a bioinformatics solution. The initial step entails the collection of statistics from biological data. In the second stage, a computational model is built. Next, the computational modelling problem is solved. The fourth step entails testing and evaluation of a computational algorithm [ CITATION Can14 \l 1033 ]. Types of biological data
BIOINFORMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 4Various types of biological data are used in bioinformatics including nucleic acids, structures of biological molecules (mainly 3D structures), biochemical pathways, gene expression profiles, and phylogenetic data (Rigden, Fernández-Suárez, & Galperin, 2016). The two kinds of nucleotides are (DNA) and (RNA). DNA is the building block of life otherwise known as genetic material. It is the material that is inherited and passed from one generation to the other. Structures of biological molecules are important to biologists, since macromolecules handle most functions of the cells. Bioinformatics has a specific focus on the three-dimensional structures of macromolecules. Gene expression profiling entails the measurement of the expression of thousands of genes at a short time to design a global picture of cellular function. DNA mediates the synthesis of RNA, and controls protein synthesis through RNA, which is a process known as gene expression. Gene expression profiling can show cells that are actively, or exhibit how particular cells react to a given treatment. In gene expression profiling, an entire genome can be measured simultaneously meaning that every gene in a given cell can be characterised. Several transcriptomics technologies are used to generate the essential data for evaluation. DNA microarrays are designed to measure the relative activity of already pinpointed target genes. Sequence based techniques such as RNA-Seq, offer information on the sequences of genes plus their expression level. Mantione and colleagues predict that RNA-Seq will form the future of data collection in bioinformatics (Mantione, et al., 2014). Another kind of data that is used in bioinformatics is biochemical pathways. Biochemicalpathways are a series of interlinked chemical reactions happening in a cell. Metabolites are the primary reactants on metabolic pathways, and various specific enzymes catalyze the reactions. Inmetabolic pathways, the products of one enzyme act as the substrates for the next. Specific
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