Bioinformatics: Variation in Genes and Protein Structure

BIOINFORMATICS
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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Literature..........................................................................................................................................4
Fundamental bioinformatics principles,scope and aim...................................................................5
Scope................................................................................................................................................5
Goal..................................................................................................................................................5
The BLAST format of the gene :.....................................................................................................6
The alignment of these potential isoforms with the given proteins as follows:..............................6
The variation of the protein P19801-2 for the gene CASP9..........................................................10
Graphical representation of variation in genes and the regions of genome..................................11
Explanation on the above graphs...................................................................................................15
The helical stretching curves that represents the above graphs.....................................................15
Mathematical analysis of the genes sequences..............................................................................16
The use of covariance in structure classification:..........................................................................16
Relevance of theoretical, mathematical and statistical analisis in genes and regions of genome. 18
Result.............................................................................................................................................19
Discussion......................................................................................................................................19
References......................................................................................................................................20
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Introduction
The nucleotide can be used for the study the variation between the two species. DNA differs
from one organism the variation shall help in understanding the unique nature of the protein.
And also to analyze the evolution of the Genes (Samish, et al., 2015). The variation of this DNA
sequence in a different molecular organism will help understand the molecular structure. The
sequence in the DNA will help in understanding the differences in the protein structure.
The method that could be used to determine the variation in the DNA an organism is protein
structure. The exploration of two species of organism are closely related by evolution ought to
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have been the difference in their protein sequence (Peng, et al., 2012), for example, the sequence
in the Chimpanzee and humans. Another way of determining the variation is through, DNA
hybridization, “which the process is of hybridizes the genetic information from two different
organisms to ascertain the similarities between them (Moore, et al., 2010). A scientist separates
the strands between them from the two species using heat, which breaks the bonds between the
base pairs that link the two sides of the double helix” (Peng, et al., 2012). Then it is chopped to
small parts which are then mixed up to exhibit generic similarity.
It could be possible to determine the variation through gene sequencing, which could also a huge
chunk of genetic information which is used to compare one gene to another (Marz, et al., 2014).
When it is done this way, it looks the strands of DNA OR RNA or proteins. That exhibit
homogeneous sequence or sequence with similar genes in them. When the evolution is closer
there is the possibility of a closer relationship; the less the similar gene structure has changed in
that period (Moore, et al., 2010).
Variation can also be certain by the use of mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondria are used to assist
in constructing evolution relationships on humans; (Karnovsky, et al., 2012) The DNA of
Mitochondria which contains DNA rather than taking the information from another human
being. But because it is inherited, it exclusively comes from the mother rather than the father.
However, the scientist can examine the DNA on humans (Jelizarow, et al., 2010). To reconstruct
the genetical history of where we came from. However, this method was not perfect according to
Action Science, which has criticized the fact that mitochondrial DNA has a high mutation rate
and could not be accurate add (Fernald, et al., 2011).
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Literature
The genetical information gathered from all over the world on the variation. However, the
bioinformatics has been occurring for over fifty hundred years (Troshin, et al., 2011). “The
variation has occurred over the period. Which has actualized the need of the research operation?
The time for the foundation laid was in the 1960s with the publication of computerized to
computerized variation sequence analysis. (Notably, de novo sequence assembly biological
sequence databases and the substitution model). Later on, DNA analysis was critically discussed
due to other disciplines for example (I) molecular biology methods, which could be easily
manipulated to DNA (Tikhvinskiy & Porozov, 2013). As well as sequencing. (ii) Computerized
science, which facilitated the increase in miniaturized and more powerful computers as well as
the novel software which significantly increased bioinformatics information management. The
information (that was generated from the data runs through a blast) manipulated through the
technology to bring clear variation in the protein P1980-2.
The name of the gene in focus continue to be P19801-2, and related information regarding the
protein is derived from UniProt (Suplatov, et al., 2011). BLAST format used for the presentation
of the nucleotide sequence and the BLAST is used for the alignment information “as per
(Fernald, et al., 2011).
Fundamental bioinformatics principles,scope and aim of bioinformatics.
Bioinformatics is a interdisplinary between two displines : computer science and biological
science (Marz, et al., 2014). Difinitions exixts in all over the world on the world wide web of
which some are more inclusive than others. For example bioinformatics being a union of
informatics and biology, could easily be described as the technology that uses computers for
storage, retrival , manupilation , and and fuctional analysis of the gene (Karnovsky, et al., 2012).
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Scope
Bioinformatics contains two field which is the development of computation tool of database and
the application of these database to generate biological knowledge to better understanrd the
organisms and their genetical make up (Karnovsky, et al., 2012). The two field work hand in
hand. Writing software are for sequencing, structuring and functioning analysis and also to
develop biological analytical software (Karnovsky, et al., 2012). The new computerized
software could help solve the problem of biological data.
From the three aspects of bioinformatics analysis, the interaction from the database produced
integrated result that is desired in biological research (Marz, et al., 2014).
Refer to
http://www.cambridge.org/9780521840989
Goal
Despite the distinction, bioinformatics helps to understand a living cell, its fuction and
molecular structure. Bioinformatics can generate new insight and provide a global perspective of
the the cell through analyzing raw molecular and structural data.of the cell. The reasons on how
the cell fuction can be easily understood through analyzing the genetical make up for instance
how its DNA is translated to RNA.
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