Biological Cells: Red Blood Cell, Plant Palisade Layer, Neisseria Gonorrhea, and Epithelial Cell of Small Intestine

BIOLOGICAL CELLS
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Human Red Blood Cell

The human red blood cell consist of a disk-like shape with a diameter approximated to 6.2–8.2
μm while its thickness is at a thickness point of 2–2.5 μm and at the minimum of 0.8–1 μm at
the Centre of thickness, therefore, this makes the smaller compared to other human cells. Their
average volume is 90 FL and their surface is 135 μm2, therefore they can easily swell making a
spherical shape that can hold 150FL, without distention of the membrane.
Figure 1: Red blood cell (D’Alessandro, D’Amici, Vaglio and Zolla 2012)
It confirmed that most adults have an average of 25 trillion of these red blood cells at a given
time thus constituting to about 71% of a number of all the cells found in the human body. There
are about 4 to 5 million red blood cells in a microliter of a woman booed while it is 5 to 6 in
men: though people in the areas of high altitude has more. Therefore red blood cell is the most
commonly compared to another blood cell.
Red blood cell completes a circulation cycle within 60 sec. Hemoglobin-containing the hemic
iron ion gives the blood its red color. One human red blood cell contains about 270 million of the
hemoglobin molecules while each molecule of hemoglobin carries at least four heme groups:
therefore contributing to about a third cell volume total. This hemoglobin help in about 98% of

oxygen transportation about 2.5 g of adult human male iron are stored in a red blood cell, this
approximately 65% of iron contained in the body collectively
Plant palisade layer
These plant cells are found in the leaves below the cuticle and the epidermis. They are elongated
vertically, through a shape. Differently from the spongy mesophyll cell found beneath then
within the leave. The chloroplast found in these cells absorbs the most percentage of light energy
used by the leaf the palisade cells are found in both net-veined monocots and dicotyledonous
plant. The palisade cells have a large number of chloroplast thus making them the primary site of
photosynthesis especially in those leaves that have them: the most help in converting the light
energy to carbohydrate chemical energy. Palisade mesophyll also have spongy mesophyll cell
which also helps in the process of photosynthesis, through their cell shape is irregular therefore
has many intercellular spaces that facilitate the rate of the gaseous exchange(Hall 2016).