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Biological Evolution In The Ocean (Doc)

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Added on  2020-11-23

Biological Evolution In The Ocean (Doc)

   Added on 2020-11-23

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BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONIN THE OCEAN
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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1Historical and geological origins of marine life.....................................................................1Importance of evaluating evidence.........................................................................................2The way marine life forms replicate and their classification.................................................4Relevance of classification to marine conservation processes and projects...........................5Marine food webs, and their role in sustaining marine life forms..........................................5Importance of marine food webs in conservation processes..................................................7TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8Marine adaptation strategies related to maintenance of viability...........................................8Evolution of adaptive strategies in development within a range of marine species.............10CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
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INTRODUCTIONBiological evolution can be described as the genetic change in population that inheritedin generation. It includes the characters which are transferred to one generation to another anddata transmitted is encoded by genetic material (DNA). Evolution can be divided into twosections such as micro and macro evolution as well (Chandra, 2015). Factors that are consideredas career of trait are known as genes or more specifically called as alleles. Evolution is a kind ofscientific theory which was proposed by Charles Darwin. It provided several explanations andpredictions for naturally occurring phenomenon based on observations or experimentations.Biological evolution in ocean refers to genetic change into marine animals. This assignment willdiscuss about geological origin of marine life and importance of evaluating evidences. It includesclassification to marine conservation process and projects. There are various types of marinestrategies discussed in the report which are relevant to maintain viability. TASK 1 Historical and geological origins of marine lifeMarine geology deals with study of history and structure of ocean including variousmarine living beings who are surviving this habitat in different geological areas. In involveseveral process such as geophysical, geochemical, sediment-al and palaeontologicalinvestigations on ocean floor and coastal zone (Wallis, 2014). There are various kinds of components which has an essential role in origin of marinelife. It includes several factors such as microscopic life, plants & algae, invertebrates, fungi,vertebrates etc. These components have different types of sub factors. Microscopic life includescertain microbes who are surviving in marine habitat and responsible for driving changes inglobal system. These microbial living beings are necessary to the phenomenon of photosynthesiswhich occurs in oceans (Herrera, 2018). They are also helpful in many other procedures likecycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, nutrients and other trace elements. Plants and algae areessential in marine habitat as they provides hiding place to larval forms of larger forms of largerfishes and foraging area of invertebrates. Invertebrates are considered as those marine animalswhich are usually covers greater portion of sea and they includes Cnidaria such as jellyfish andsea anemones like Ctenophora, sea worms that involves several creatures like phyla1
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Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, Annelida, Sipuncula, Echiura, Chaetognatha, etc. (Olah, Mathewand Prakash, 2016). Now, discussing about fungi in marine habitat, the it is observed that there are overall15000 species of fungi are analysed in this environment these are generally parasitic on marineralgae or animals or they can be considered as saprobes fort algae, corals, sea grasses, wood,protozoan cysts etc. At last, vertebrates that includes fish, reptiles, birds and mammals (Saittaand Saija, 2014). Importance of evaluating evidenceThere are various type of evidences that are utilised by scientists for studying aboutevolution and evaluate their importance as well. These factors re essential because they provideevidence of past related living creatures. Some of them are given below:Fossil records can be described as information which are gained through studying fossilfuels. In some cases hard parts of organism are preserved (McCauley and et.al, 2018). Fossilrecords provide information regarding progressive changes in animals. These fossils recordprovide detail about age to strata in which they occur. These records show history of life over aperiod of time. Panspermia theory is another kind of evidence of origin of life that states that seeds oflife exists in entire universe and it can be propagated from one location to another easily. Theseseed give birth to life on earth (Graham and et.al, 2017). This theory is all about origin of lifewhich suggests that life is presented on planet and it is moved to earth. This model explains that7.5% rocks reach to Earth from Mars. They travel between 100 years to 16000 years. Once seedsarrive ion Earth from the space safely then they become protein and then turn eventually intolife. They grow in the warm ocean and get developed. Chemical theories: There are several theories that describe about origin of life throughchemical components (Breviglieri and Romero, 2017). Life arisen is the natural process in whichone organic component arises from non-living element and turn into living thing. This modelstates that accumulation of organize molecules occur which gives birth to life. These moleculesare such as amino acid, nucleotides etc. Biochemical and molecular biology progressions: This concept describes extraordinarymachinery process in which molecular proceeds from DNA to protein through RNA. It works asintermediary (Turney and Buddle, 2018). RNA is the medium that stores genetic information and2
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