1BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Answer 1
Physical examination refers to the process of evaluating anatomic findings. Several
components that help in diagnosing a disease include the following:
 Disease history determination- Data on history of symptom are collected such as, onset,
duration and relief. Interviewing the patient on medical, social, work and family
conditions helps in determining the history of the disease.
 Physical examination- Physical signs such as facial expression, posture, mobility and
responsiveness are measured. The physician conducts examination of vital signs (heart
rate, BP, RR, temperature), auscultation (using stethoscope for listening heart, lungs and
bowel movement), percussion (tapping on abdomen and chest for checking presence of
excess air and fluids), and palpation (determining size and consistency of organs).
 Laboratory tests and procedures- Imaging techniques, nuclear scans, ultrasound and other
tests are carried out to further refine the diagnosis of the disorder.
 Sore throat differential diagnosis- This test is conducted due to the frequent complaints of
common cold caused by bacteria or viral infection. Differential diagnosis helps in
deciding whether antibiotics should be administered.
Answer 2
A medical provider wraps a proper sized blood pressure cuff around upper arm. The
lower edge of cuff is kept an inch above antecubital fossa and the stethoscope’s bell is pressed
over brachial artery. The cuff is inflated to 180mm Hg rapidly, releasing air at a moderate speed.

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