Biology

Running head: BIOLOGY 1
Biology
Student’s Name
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BIOLOGY 2
Biology
Question One
The endosymbiont hypothesis explains the source of the mitochondria and chloroplast.
The two organelles are hosted within numerous eukaryotic cells. The hypothesis claims that
mitochondria and chloroplasts incepted as distinct prokaryotic organisms which entered into a
eukaryotic cell. Some of the evidence used to support this thesis includes the commonalities
between bacteria and the two organelles. Both mitochondria together with aerobic bacteria utilize
oxygen to release ATP (Gray, 2017). Also, both chloroplasts together with photosynthetic
bacteria have related chlorophyll that traps and changes light to chemical energy.
Question Two
One of the structural differences between the two organelles is that while lysosomes are
made up of degradative enzymes that break down the cell’s biological polymers, peroxisome has
oxidative enzymes that perform oxidation reactions. On the other hand, both lysosomes and
peroxisomes play a vital role in metabolism. They have enzymes whose role includes breaking
down of fatty acids and amino acids, leading to the production of hydrogen peroxide.
Question Three
Cytoplasmic streaming involves a process where the fluid substances freely flow inside
the cell of a plant or an animal. In large cells, cytoplasmic streaming helps to solve the problem
of non-trivial transport (Wolff, Marenduzzo, & Cates, 2012). The process ensures that there is
the transportation of nutrients and proteins inside the cell.
Question Four
When a chemical compound is in a metastable state, it means that its form can remain
stable over a particular time scale. However, when transferred to another time scale, it will