Biology Assignment Heart Diseases
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Added on 2020-05-04
Biology Assignment Heart Diseases
Added on 2020-05-04
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Running head: BIOLOGYBiologyRudo MuzangwaName of the UniversityAuthor note
1BIOLOGYTable of ContentsAbstract............................................................................................................................................2Introduction......................................................................................................................................2Aim..................................................................................................................................................3Hypothesis.......................................................................................................................................3Methods...........................................................................................................................................4Results..............................................................................................................................................5Result treatment...............................................................................................................................6Discussion........................................................................................................................................7Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7References........................................................................................................................................8Appendix..........................................................................................................................................9
2BIOLOGYAbstract According to Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman, in people with coronary heart disease,a certain pattern is seen like impatient, aggressiveness, competitiveness and urgency of time(Chinaveh, 2014). The aim of the experiment was to investigate the influence of biological stressresponse between two different personalities Type A and Type B (McLeod, 2012). On exposureto stress, type A personality people were diagnosed with high pulse rate due to high release ofstress hormone resulting in high anxiety, blood pressure and temperature levels. On the otherhand, type B personality people had shown low amount of stress hormone levels and found to bemore relaxed and normal pulse rate. However, there is vulnerability to human error that leavesfor further scrutiny. Introduction Stress is a feeling of pressure and strain that people experience when they perceive thingsto be threatening when they are unable to cope up with the obstacles for what the circumstancesdemand (Bibbey et al., 2013). It is driven by stressors and acute where the body shows react toshort-term stressors and long-term stressors such as family abuse (McLeod, 2010). Thehypothalamus releases a stress response that prepare the body for immediate response to stress,“Fight”, “Fright” or Flight“ that result in increased heart pulse or rate, blood pressure andsweating (Cuesta & Singer, 2012). In psychology, personality is a blend of person’s characteristics that make one unique andthere is effect of personality of an individual on stress response. “Personality and Stress” is theidentification of state of response on how a person reacts and how stress affects those (Minkel etal., 2012). There is a need to understand the relationship between stress and personality that is
3BIOLOGYaffected by many aspects like choice of environments, way of interpretations, intensity ofresponse to a stressor and coping strategies by individuals during the stressful situation. A studyconducted by Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman stated that coronary heart disease is directlyrelated to type A personality individuals and shows different behaviour pattern like attitude, lifestyle and personality they possess (Jenkins, Rosenman & Friedman, 1967). According to them,people with coronary heart disease shows restless and alert behaviour that increases the bloodpressure and risk for heart disease (Reggio, 2012). These determining factors are important forstudying the effect of personality on the stress response. There is a high level of arousal thatmake people react to the stressful situation and make them adapt to the stressful situations(Centre for studies on human stress, 2010-2016). Aim The aim of the experiment is to investigate the comparison between Type A and Bpersonality individuals on a mild stress for the evaluation of pulse rate. In this proposed aim, anexperimental design is used where the pulse rate is recorded before, during and after the task ofmild stress application and comparison made between the personalities A and B for studying thecardiovascular disease chances in the future. Hypothesis The hypothesis for the experiment is that there was difference between the pulse or heartrates between the personalities A and B when they are subjected to mild stressful task. The nullhypothesis for the study is that there will be no significant variation between pulse or heart ratesbetween personality type A and B and it is non-directional as the gender acts as a causing
4BIOLOGYdifference between the heart or pulse rates and this can significantly affect people belonging todifferent personalities, personality A and B. Methods The study was conducted to get the desired results for the experiment where 100 people(both men and women) were be experimented. Mild stress like remembering series of numbers ina reversed order were be given to the participants from 4 to 10 numbers in the given list. Pulserate was recorded before, during and after the task to monitor the pulse or heart rate. Thisrecorded data was then compared for both personality type. Finally, the available data was usedto match and determine the personality type who will be prone to cardiovascular diseases in thefuture. The research design for the study was independent group design where only heart orpulse rate is the dependent variable that was studied between the two personality types. The twogroups that carry both men and women were assigned with the same task in order to minimizethe interference of any other independent variable of personality types A and B (McLeod, 2007). Opportunity sampling was used to get the participants comprising of both males andfemales where there were 20 participants, five males and females each for personality type A andB. Age range was 18-50 years where males and females were both between 20-55 years(McLeod, 2007). For the experiment, participants were asked to complete a reputable onlinepersonality questionnaire that clarify Type A or Type B. Freidman and Rosenman PersonalityQuestionnaire was used for the determination of personalities of the participants. The number ofmild stressor task was used as a minor stressor and stopwatch was used for the quantification of
5BIOLOGYheart or pulse rate. A recorded sheet was used for the tabulation of the records with columns androws for the participants to record the pulse or heart rate information along with gender and age. The potential participants were tackled in person as they were close family, colleaguesand friends and they were notified about the experiment process as per the availability. Thedesigned questionnaire was given to family members and friends that would record the pulse orheart rates in their homes or living rooms while the colleagues were given in their respectivecompanies’ office room for avoiding noise or distractions. There was briefing of the experimentto the participants via a typed document before the investigation was done where the experimentinvestigation was given. It comprised of consent or refusal before the commencement of thequestionnaire and another document was given to the participants where the heart or pulse rateexperiment was explained (The British Psychological Society, 2000-2016). Standardizedinstructions were used like reading the instructions carefully, answering honestly, pulse or heartrate instructions, and removal of any tight jewellery and completion of dot-to-dot puzzle. Afterthis, debriefing was also done where the participants were explained about the aim of theexperiment, allowed them to see their results and ensured confidentiality. Data collection wasdone by taking heart rate commencing dot-to-dot puzzle and the results were recordedaccordingly in the tabulated sheet. Results The descriptive data would be analysed as mean, mode, median, range, standarddeviation and total N. Raw data was recorded in tabular form and bar charts were used for theresult outcomes. The data was collected as pulse or heart rate intervals repeated three times overperiod of 20 seconds each.
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