Functions of the Skeletal System and Types of Joints

Running head: BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY
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BIOLOGY1
Answer 1)
a) The three appropriate functions of the skeletal system are explained as follows (Frontera
and Ochala 2015):
 Mechanical- The primary function of skeletal system is to provide mechanical support
and movement.
 Support: Bones deliver an appropriate structure that is significant for the attachment
of tissues and muscles.
 Movement: Bones support movement of body by working as levers and attachment
points for the muscles.
 Protective- Bones like rib cage and skull safeguard organs from any injury (Frontera
and Ochala 2015).
 Metabolic- The metabolic function of skeletal system is to deliver mineral storage,
energy storage and blood cell production.
b) The skeletal muscles act with bones and keep the bones in an appropriate place that is
crucial for the bone movement. In order to permit motion, joints are connected with different
bones and when contraction of skeletal muscle takes place the bone move due to voluntary
activity that takes place across the joint (Tortora and derrickson 2017). The skeletal muscle
might attach one bone to other bone namely skin and therefore during the contraction of
muscle. Any one of the above mentioned structure remain constant or stationary and the other
structure moves. Hence, during muscle contraction, a force or pull is applied to the levers like
bone that result in movement (Tortora and derrickson 2017).
Answer 2) From the given figure, the posterior region of the spine was visible that comprise
different spines namely Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum and Coccyx (Borkowski et al.
2017).

BIOLOGY2
Answer 3) The detail anatomical structure is labelled as follows (Guldberg et al. 2016):
a. Cranium
b. Mandible
c. Cervical Vertebrae
d. Acromion
e. Clavicle
f. Sternum
g. Costal cartilage
h. Ribs
i. Scapula
j. Humerus
k. Radius
l. Ulna
m. Carpals
n. Metacarpals
o. Phalanges
p. Thoracic Vertebrae
q. Intervertebral disk
r. Sacrum
s. Ilium
t. Femur
u. Patella
v. Fibula
w. Tibia

BIOLOGY3
x. Tarsals
y. Metatarsals
z. Phalanges
Answer 4) The primary benefit of long bones is to facilitate movement and support weight.
The three long bones present in the human body are Femur bone, Tibia and Fibula (Albanese
et al. 2016).
Answer 5) Long bones are the bones that are considered as dense and hard and is crucial to
provide mobility, strength and structure to the body. These bones are significantly longer in
width as compared to other and consist of few major parts such as epiphysis, metaphysis,
medullary cavity, periosteum, epiphyseal plate, diaphysis and articulate cartilage (Le et al.
2018) Long bones comprise of two different heads namely distal and proximal epiphysis that
are connected to the shaft known as diaphysis. This association between the shaft and the
head is termed as metaphysis. The head of the bone comprise of spongy core and the outer
layer of the bone is covered and protected with articulate cartilage. The shaft of the bone
consists of medullary cavity present inside the bone and lined by endsteum. The medullary
cavity is also termed as marrow cavity as it comprise of yellow marrow (Osman, Gabr and
Haddad 2019). Hence, it is collectively termed as Marrow cavity-endsteum-spongy bone-
compact bone. The exterior covering of the shaft region of the bone is termed as periosteum.