Biomechanics of Human Movement

This article discusses the study of biomechanics and its impact on human movement. It covers the basic concepts of biomechanics, the methods used to assess it, and the results of the experiment. The article also discusses the impacts of biomechanics on human activities and the different perspectives of squatting angles.

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BIOMECHANICS
By (Name)
HLTH2025
Biomechanics of Human Movement
(University)
(City/State)
(Date)

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Introduction
Biomechanics refers to the study of the power of loads, motion strain and stress involved in biological systems and
the overall mechanical effects on the body, size and its structure. The influence of mechanism on biological systems
can always be felt across different sections, ranging from molecular to cellular, thus biomechanics entails how
human beings adjust and make an effect on cells, tissue mechanical properties and the overall development of
neuroskeletal body systems, (Lu & Chang, 2011 pp 14-25). Livings tissues are affected by mechanical stimuli and
tissue remodeling as a response to mechanical stimuli. System levels characterized by the mechanical factors have an
effect on the performance and function of the musculoskeletal systems. In human movement, it is achieved by highly
coordinated and interaction of bones, muscles, ligaments, and joints within the musculoskeletal system as control by
the nervous system, (Ringof & Stein, 2018 p. 142).
The action of muscles is further aided by the generation of tensile forces which apply movements at joints having
short lever arms so as to provide static and dynamic stability, while performing precise control of the limb. Any
injury is thus crucial in that it changes the interaction of individual manipulation and management of movement and
stability. Understanding these basic concepts of mechanisms is crucial in understanding its action and moment of the
musculoskeletal muscles, (Halloran et al., 2010).
Therefore, this experiment performed an assessment of biomechanics concepts on human activities an movement and
identifying factors which affect human movement. Humans often perform various activities which have an effect on
various activities such as the performance of daily activities. Thus this study aimed at assessing how biomechanics is
applicable to human cities.
Methods
The experiment was performed ona a subject to assess various factors affecting movement concepts. The following
subject information was used in the experiment. Participant information entails a subject aged 21 years, of 57 kg,
height 167 cm and body fat of 18%. The video was captured at 50 Hz (frames-per-second) using a Panasonic GH4
camera (Panasonic Lumix G, Osaka, Japan) positioned five meters perpendicular to the subject. Squat used was a 20
kg bar with an addition of 2*5kg plates.
14mm reflective markers were placed at the head of the 2nd metatarsal, lateral malleolus, posterior aspect of the
calcaneus, knee joint line, greater trochanter, anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, acromion,
elbow joint line and midline between distal ulna and radius.
Ground reaction forces were captured using one 400x600mm AMTI force platform (AMTI, Massachusetts, USA)
and VICON Nexus (Nexus v2.6, VICON, Oxford, UK) recording at 1000 Hz (1000 frames per second). The subject

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performed five minutes of dynamic range of motion warm-up exercises prior to testing. The experiment was limited
to dimensional video with the usage of low shutter rate cameras set at 1/250.
Data analysis was performed using PASW statistics version. In which the subject-descriptive statics were assessed
and participant characters also performed. In order to assess differ angles position, t-test tool was used to compare
the differences of each angle of the hip, and waist joints and foot groups were also established as per the various
sagital phases.
Results- Kinetics and Kinematics
Changes of the joint, hip and the knee ankles were performed in the experiment occurring at the lower extremity till
to the upward squatting. Kinematics showing the lifter at different positions through hip, knee and ankle joints.
Figure 1 Kinetics position showing the different angles lines measure
Joint angles of the lower extremity in the sagittal plane during downward squatting
Table 2Measured joint angles during the squat positioning
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Hip flexion (°) Normal foot 16.4±6.3 51.3±12.0 89.5±9.5
Knee flexion (°) Normal foot 13.4±4.8 55.1±4.0 97.7±7.6
Ankle dorsiflexion (°) Normal foot 4.4±2.6 17.6±2.6 25.2±4.4
Means values obtained using SD; phase1 obtained through initial squat, phase 2 assessed middle squat and phase 3
done terminal squat.
Impacts
Squat assessment is normally done using three groups which include knee flexion angle, partial squat and deep squat
angle. In a dynamic squat assessment, the subject stood upright position with the knee and hip joints forming an
extension, while the squats down through flexing of hip knee and ankle joints, (Schoenfeld, 2010 ). During the squat
phase, the hips and knees are often flexed and extended in a similar manner. In this study, flexion angles of the
normal hip and knee phase were crucial. The flexion angle was assessed to be 16.39 degrees and knee joints angle at
13.44, with various phase as illustrated in table 1.
Table 1 Kinematics Squat positioning reflex
dimensions

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Squat assessments are thus crucial aspect of biomechanics which is relevant exercise perspectives. The posture
produces knee flexions, jip and ankle dorsiflexion ability. Which enables exercise completion during the lifting
process, it is essential for maximizing muscle recruitment process and reduces injury. If individuals lack joint
mobility, stability, and neuromuscular control, the display muscle compensations. A classical example is when a
person performs the overhead lift with excess lumbar extension, shows lack of shoulder flexion range motions,
(Dionisio, Almeida, Duarte & Hirate, 2008).
Quantitative analyses of biomechanics have been an essential component in analyzing and improving movements
and reducing injury occurrence. In this assessment, usages of a mixture of experimental and theoretical approaches
are essential. In sports movement analysis often quantitative and qualitative analysis are crucial in this assessment.
Quantitative approaches take one or two forming its assessment. In cross-sectional studies, sports movements
analysis is undertaken; t evaluates sports movements and compares performance done at specified periods.
Quantitative analysis in biomechanics assesses movement sequence, liner, and angular positions, with the
displacements being calculated a function of time. It also offers center displacements of the individual whole body.
The further quantitative assessment identifies values of intra and inters performance comparisons variables which are
crucial in defining key terms which separate sport movement phases like foot strikes, (Shish et al., 2010).
Biomechanics are crucial aspects in facilitating various human activities. The basic key perpendicular intersecting
joints which movement and major activities occur. They include the sagittal, frontal and perpendicular movements.
Joints movements can occur from human skeletal muscles can be rotational and take effect in perpendicular
movements. The common axes which aid movements include the sagittal, vertical and frontal movements . its key
movements are the axion and flexion which rotate on vertical axes, (Barwick, Smith & Chuter,2012 pp. 225-330).
Human body movements can be defined as anatomical or fundamental references postures. In sports biomechanics,
the fully extended position of most joints is 1800, where most joints initiate flexing, the angle decreases. Clinical
biomechanics often tend to use convention extension joint of 00. Formal movements normally occur on the sagittal
axis and form abduction from the body phase with abduction back in the body direction. Horizontal plane
movements on the vertical axis are referred to as medial and lateral limbs rotation, (Moon.Kim & Lee, 2014).
Thus the biomechanics of human activities are crucial in assessing how the body flexes its perpendicular
intersections in the process. This experiment has illustrated different perspectives of squatting angles and the various
angles assessments which are key in the respondent’s activity.
References

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