Biomedicine Cell Module Short Answer Questions

Answer the questions appropriately. Your answer should be in red
or highlight the appropriate answer in red.
Section A
Answer ALL short questions in the spaces provided.
1. Identify the alpha carbon molecule in the amino acid structure
below.
Ans: carbon no. 2
(Total 2 Marks)
2. The primary sequence of a peptide is shown below:
ALIPFQVWGC
(a) Which amino acid is present at the carboxyl terminus of the
peptide? Ans: Cystenine amino acid
(2 Marks)
(b) Complete the sentence:
The amino acids in this peptide sequence predominantly
have ___Nonpolar____________ side-chains.
(i) Basic

(ii) Acidic
(iii) Uncharged polar
(iv) Non polar
(1 Mark)
(Total 3 Marks)
3. In a protein chain, around which of the following is no rotation
observed?
(a) C‒N peptide bond Ans: C-N peptide bond
(b) N(H)‒Ca bond: f (phi)
(c) Ca‒C(=O) bond: j (psi)
(Total 2 Marks)
4. For which of the following proteins is correct quaternary structure
important for function? (select as many options as are relevant)
(a) Coronavirus spike protein
Ans: Coronavirus Spike protein
(b) Haemoglobin Haemoglobin
(c) Trypsin
(d) Immunglobulin G
(Total 2 Marks)
5. Which organism does the mitochondria and chloroplast evolve
from?
Ans: Prokaryotes
(Total 1 Mark)
6. Name the process of cell drinking.
Ans: Pinocytosis
(Total 1 Mark)

7. Briefly describe how non secretory proteins are targeted to their
correct locations and list 3 destinations for proteins following the
non- secretory pathway.
(Total 4 Marks)
Ans: Non- secretory pathway mainly includes targeting of proteins as
follows: Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Peroxisomes, and nucleus. There
are four location inside the mitochondria to which protein is
transported. They are mitochondrial matrix, inter membrane space,
inner membrane and outer membrane.
Mechanism of proteins targeting into matrix: precursor protein
prepare on cytosolic ribosome recognised by MTS receptor then
transported to import channel then after destined for the mitochondrial
matrix at contact sites where N- terminal of proteins enter into the
mitochondrial matrix. Final folding of protein are completed in the
matrix. Targeting to inner membrane of mitochondria involves three
pathway and for intermembrane space involve 2 pathway.
8. Where is ATP synthase located within the mitochondria and
chloroplast?
ANS: In eukaryote, the ATP synthase is located in the inner membrane
of mitochondria and in the plant ATP synthase enzyme located
additionally in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast.
(Total 2 Marks)
9.
(a) Describe the term “cell differentiation”.
ANS: cell differentiation is the process through which young, immature
cells change there function and phenotypical type.
(1 Mark)
(b) Draw a blastocyst and label the key parts and their fates.
(3 Marks)
Ans:

Inner cell mass differentiates into an embryo. Blastocoel change into
embryonic gut cavity and trophoblast converted into epithelial cells
(Total 4 Marks)
10. Describe the difference between a totipotent and unipotent cell.
Ans: totipotent cells are capable to differentiating into all types of body
cells whereas unipotent cells are differentiate into only limited fixed
cells.
(Total 2 Marks)
11. Name a protein found in the extracellular matrix and describe its
function.
Ans: collagen protein is majorly found in extracellular matrix. It provide
tensile strength, support chemotaxis and migration and direct
tissue development and regulate cell adhesion.
(Total 2 Marks)
12. List two of the major types of connective tissue found in the human
body.
Ans: Blood and bones
(Total 2 Marks)