401002 Bioscience - Assignment

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Added on 2021-06-14

401002 Bioscience - Assignment

Added on 2021-06-14

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Running head: BIOSCIENCE 401002 PART BBioscience 401002 Part BStudent’s NameInstitutional Affiliation

BIOSCIENCE 401002 PART B2Q2. The skin plays a key role in in body temperature homeostasis.a.Why must the body temperature be regulated?It is important that body temperature be maintained at an optimum of 37 degrees Celsius. When the temperature is significantly higher than this, most enzymes are denatured. When the temperature is significantly below this, the enzymes become ineffective by slowing too much. An optimum temperature is therefore necessary for optimum functioning.b.Describe the role the skin plays in body temperature regulation when the body isexposed to hot and cold environmental conditions.When it is hot, the sweat glands are stimulated to produce sweat. Sweat which is hot, evaporates from the skin leaving a cooling effect. Additionally, the hairs of the skin lie flat. This results in less trapping of insulation air and more heat loss. Vasodilation also occurs. Blood flows near the surface of the skin leading to loss of heat through radiation. When one is in a cold environment, sweat production is reduced leading to less heat loss. The hairs on the skin stand erect which leads to trapping of air. The trapped air acts like a heat insulator leading. The third way in which loss of heat is reduced is via vasoconstriction. The blood vessels constrict allowing less blood to flow to the surface of the skin. The result is reduced heat loss. Shivering also occurs. The vigorous movements require more respiration leading to more heat production (Romanovsky, 2014).

BIOSCIENCE 401002 PART B3Q3. Cardiovascular disease is a national health priority affecting many Australians. Elevated levels of blood cholesterol have links to cardiovascular disease. a.What is the role of cholesterol in the body?Cholesterol has numerous roles in the body. One is aiding in the making hormones. For instance, it is stored in ovaries and testes and converted to steroid hormones (Nordestgaard and Varbo, 2014). It also plays a role in digestion through aiding the liver in bile production. It is a part of cell structure. Each cell ofthe body contains cholesterol in its structure.b.What is the role of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in cholesterol transportation and how is it relevant to cardiovascular system health?The HDL has an important role which is known as reverse cholesterol transport. When cell death occurs and replaced by new cells, they release cholesterol into theblood. They get rid of cholesterol that accumulates in arteries and takes them to the blood for excretion. This promotes heart health. LDL on the other hand is primarily the cholesterol transporter. After transporting, most LDL are removed by the liver or engulfed by macrophages. These macrophages might bind in the arterial walls causing arteriosclerosis (Edelman, Mandle and Kudzma, 2017).

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