Economics Assignment: Birth and Death Statistics, Home Ownership, Ageing Population, GDP Growth Rate, Financing Methods for Local Construction Projects

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ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT

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Contents
Section 1.....................................................................................................................................3
Section 2.....................................................................................................................................6
Section 3...................................................................................................................................10
Section 4...................................................................................................................................11
Reference..................................................................................................................................12

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Section 1
i) Birth and death statistics
The birth and the death statistics of England and Wales area has changed significantly from
time to time. One of the major reasons for the unstable reading of the variable is the change
in the policies of the government over time. UK government in the year 1996 had a goal to
reduce the fertility rate so that the strain on the natural resources can be reduced (Alwan,
Jones and Holgate, 2017). The government implemented a policy where free education and
healthcare service was provided till only the second child. The government also spent heavily
on awareness programmes as well.
Year
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
2013
2016
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Total fertility rate
Total fertility rate
Figure 1: The fertility rate in England and Wales
(Source: Ashworth and Perera, 2018)
The figure 1 points out the dip in the fertility rate during the year 2000. However, the fertility
rate has been increasing since 2002 due to a high number of immigration and lack of control
of the government over the fertility of the immigrants. After the financial crisis of 2007, the
government further enacted strict population policies which lead to further reduction in the
fertility rate (Christie, 2018). The total number of birth shows a similar pattern with a less

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Year
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
2013
2016
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
Total number of births
Total number of births
Figure 2: The total number of birth in England and Wales
(Source: Burton and Gameson, 2017)
ii) Home Ownership
The homeownership measurement can be best estimated from the study of the house price
index. The house price index is directly related to the number of houses owned by the
customers of the market. The house price has increased in England and Wales due to the
increased demand for housing and fixed supply.
Year
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
HPI
HPI