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Bisphenol - A and Its Use in Europe Assignment
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Added on 2020-06-04
Bisphenol - A and Its Use in Europe Assignment
Added on 2020-06-04
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BISPHENOL- A AND ITSUSE IN EUROPE ANDALLEGED HEALTHIMPACTS
Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................2What is Bisphenol- A..................................................................................................................2The history of using Bisphenol- A worldwide............................................................................4The history of using Bisphenol- A in EU....................................................................................6Alleged health impacts of Bisphenol-A......................................................................................9The reaction of government by using Bisphenol-A worldwide in general and in EU inparticular...................................................................................................................................12Case study ................................................................................................................................15CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................19
INTRODUCTIONBisphenol- A is a chemical compound which is used by manufactures to make plasticproducts in which storing food and water is easy. The products made of BPA offers easy way tomanage freshness of edibles. It is used by almost all the people across the globe regardless of itsharmful effects. There has been continuous change in management of BPA because the usage ofproducts made with this has impacted health of many individuals (Hassan, 2012). It is the mostdangerous substance and leads to various health problems like hormonal dis-balance,reproductive problems, asthma etc. The report will outline the terminology of Bisphenol- Awhich will comprise launch of substance which is recorded in 1891 as came to existence after itsnon-breakable properties The scholars were impressed with toughness of BPA which assisted inlaunching canned food jars and packets, baby bottles for infants, universal water bottles etc. Itwill outline the health and environmental problems which arise due to excessive use of productsmade of BPA like it leads to waste which is the major reason behind unusual climatic changesand global warming. Further, it is the reason of neurological disorders which are caused inhuman due to consumption of packaged food or feeding infants with the BPA plastic bottles etc.(Lang and et.al., 2018) Moreover, it will analyse the controversies which arise with success ofproducts of Bisphenol- A like its comparison with material related to Diethylstilbestrol which isthe most dangerous chemical compound. The focus of report will be analyse various studies inwhich the researcher will aim at discussion about the health concerns and impact of Bisphenol-Aon humans. This is the study which will develop critical understanding over the use of productswhich contains properties of BPA and moreover it will assist in creating awareness amongpeople about increasing concerns of BPA. The report will evaluate the history of using Bisphenol- A across the globe in which itwill identify views of different scholars over worldwide changes and consumption food andliquid stored in BPA. It will draw a list of problems and controversies which arise withcontinuous use of plastics like, red alarm situation, disorder to many people and importance ofpregnant and feeding women of using products made with polycarbonate (PC). Besides, it willrecognize history of using Bisphenol- A in EU where it is used the most for packaging andstoring food for long time which leads to contamination which is major cause of increasinghealth problems. It will outline the hazardous observation of EU on use of and its products(Schierow, 2011). Apart from this, it will outline alleged health impacts of Bisphenol-A that is1
health problems and their impact on human health like neurological disorders, behaviouralchanges, heart diseases, reproductive disorders etc. It will comprise the study over the productsand of BPA which leads to these adverse impacts on human body. Furthermore, the report willfocus on evaluating reaction of government by using Bisphenol-A worldwide in general and inEU in particular. It will identify the strategies programs which help the government increasingawareness and reducing use of products which are made of BPA to prevent environmental andhealth problems. Thus, it will summarize case study which reflects the use, problems, impactsand cause of using products made of Bisphenol- A on society.MAIN BODYWhat is Bisphenol- ABisphenol- A is chemical formula and is organic synthetic solid compound. It has nocolour but is easily dis-solvable and is termed as BPA. This is generally used for making epoxyresins and plastics. It is used for making several goods which are used by people for regularneeds like water bottles, cans, Compact disk etc. It is also used for coating on food utensils. Thisis the highest volume of chemical which is produced in a year (Huang and et.al., 2018). Formaintaining safety of food, it is being tested for years for determining its suitability. However,the use of BPA in infant baby bottles has been ended by Food Drug administration of USkeeping in mind safety of child. Apart from baby bottles, Bisphenol- A is generally used forstorage containers to preserve freshness of food and water (McGrath and et.al., 2017). Like incanned foods, drinking containers' recourse drinks etc. The packaging of plastics has beendivided into seven different categories for recycling like the category from 1 to 6 are not likely tocontain content of BPA whereas the category 7 is made with BPA and has Resin IdentificationCode 7 which denotes its content and form of plastic. Bisphenol- A was discovered by RussianChemist, Aleksandr Dianin in 1891. On the basis of research of Chemist, BPA was first used tomake epoxy resins and to harden polycarbonate plastics. The compound was further tested byBritish biochemist Edward from where it has been identified that it’s 37000 times less impellingin comparison to estradiol. To contradict the use of BPA, British biochemist Edward launchedsimilar compound which was Diethylstilbestrol which is drug in animal and women. It wasbanned as it had major risk of causing cancer whereas BPA is the safest compound and does notrelate to any dug and its chemicals (Calleja and et.al., 2014). 2
As per the survey of European foods safety authority, it has been determined that BPAholds no risk which can impact human health and consumers of any age. On the other hand, byEuropean Chemical Agency, it has been found out that BPA should be listed for limited use as ithas content and properties of Endocrine Disruptor. It is chemical compound which is verydangerous and leads to various disruption like cancerous tumours, physical and mental disordersand birth effects (Alonso-Magdalena and et.al., 2010). Apparently, BPA is effective for thyroidfunctioning as it helps in binding hormones of thyroid. Further, with the increasing use it hasbeen determined that environmental chemical and thyroid functions have caused concern to theuses of BPA. The 2009 test of BPA reflected that use of BPA leads to adverse impact of thyroidhormones. In addition to this, use of BPA leads to neurological disorders which causes high levelof hyperactivity, tension, anxiety, depression etc. In accordance to National institute of health, ithas been analysed that use of BPA substances also impact brain development of infants whicheffects their behaviours since childhood (Rubin, 2011). Thus, with this, it has been determinedthat use of BPA has its pros and cons and it is ban by food and safety association to protecthealth interest of people across the globe. Use of BPA for canned food products and waterbottles seems satisfactory as it assists the society in maintaining food and drinks safe and freshfor long hours, but due to long stay in plastic bottles the food gets contaminated and leads toadverse effects on health of humans worldwide. Apart from the impact on human health, the use of BPA is also leading to environmentaleffects. In 2010, the environment protection Agency of US analysed that more than one millionBPA was found in environment as waste. It impacts environment through its direct use ofchemical plastics, transportation, staining and coating. Generally, the BPA waste impactenvironment through irrigation waste, municipal waste water, plastic scratch, waste of metalsand minerals, plastic etc. The waste impacts the quality of water and soil which impacts theevaporation rate. The release of plastic waste is hampering atmosphere as rate of vaporisationhas decreased. Further, the BPA in environment has reduced water solubility which is furtherimpacting many lives in water. As per (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,2017), one concern for which human should be worried about use of BPA is negative impacts ofhealth like in 2003 and 4 National health and Nutrition Examination Survey has regulatedCentres for Disease Control and Prevention which determined 2517 urine samples in which therewas 93 percent of Bisphenol- A from age group 6 and older. In accordance to research and3
analyst there are various prevention measure which can assist in controlling adverse impact ofBisphenol- A which are, not microwaving the plastic containers, recycling containers as per theircodes, less use of canned and preserved food items etc. (Vandenberg and et.al., 2010) Thus,BPA is compound to which uses have become necessary but it is causing various health andenvironmental problems, therefore it is important or the society to understand the limited andeffective use of products which contain BPA. It is important for the people across the globe tofocus on recycling plastic products in order to reserve environmental and health of animals andwater lives. The increasing waste due to use of plastic is the major cause which is hampering thestability of climatic condition and giving rise to global warming. With the increasing use, thereare adverse impacts on few cities of global warming that there the situation has been turned intored alarm. The history of using Bisphenol- A worldwide.Bisphenol- A is known as building block of polycarbonate plastic. There are manyresearchers on use and effect of Bisphenol- A worldwide. As per Public Health Am, (2009, it issynthetic chemical which is used in various daily life products of human life. The author in itsresearch analysed various adverse health effects like, cancerous tumour, behavioural changes,obesity etc. The use of BPA has become headline of news worldwide as it is related to safety ofenvironment, humans and animals across the globe. However, the waste which has been causedby the use of BPA and plastics is the major reason which is leading to major fluctuation inclimatic changes and the high temperature use and canned food packet impacts health of humansin different ways. Similarly, with the increasing effects of BPA, the initial bans on the productwere baby bottle of infants because due to BPA material in bottle, there were noticeablebehavioural changes in child growth and development. The report of U.S. National ToxicologyProgram (NTP) researched on the issue and analysed that use of plastic material in water bottlesof infants affects brain and behaviour. Further, there are cases where the milk is microwaved athigh temperature in Bottle due to which BPA components are seen in milk of infant (Dolinoy,Huang and Jirtle, 2017). As per reviews in Denmark, BPA is completely banned in productswhich are related to infants. With this ban, the Japanese Can industry has replaced the waymaking products for infants. While in US, there are many states which allow the use of BPAmaterial in bottles but on the other hand, there are 11 states where BPA in products of babies isstrictly prohibited (Zhou and et.al., 2014). 4
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