(BM7705)-Dissertation MSC International business

In this dissertation we will discuss about MSC International business and below are the summaries point:- This text is the contents page for a dissertation on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism and hospitality industry in England. The pandemic has had a significant negative impact on the tourism and hospitality industries globally, with many job losses and declining revenues. The dissertation will include a literature review, primary and secondary research findings, and a discussion on new issues with reservations, occupancy rates, pricing, and employment methods.

2022-23
BM7705 DISSERTATION
MSC International business
STUDENT NAME: ISMAT JAHAN
STUDENT ID: S4215652

Contents
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................2
RESEARCH CONTEXT....................................................................................................................2
RESEARCH AIM................................................................................................................................3
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES...............................................................................................................3
RESEARCH QUESTIONS.................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................................4
COVID-19 pandemic in the England.................................................................................................4
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY.....................................................................................................4
METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................6
APPENDIX..........................................................................................................................................8
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INTRODUCTION
Beginning in early January 2020, the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) caused worry around
the world, and by the end of March 2020, the epidemic had infected a number of individuals
internationally. Based on the statistics of previous epidemics like SARS, Spanish Flu, etc.,
the intensity of the pandemic may be estimated. The COVID-19 virus, which was classified
as a pandemic on March 12, 2020, has a significant impact on the tourism and hospitality
industries. (WHO, 2020)
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a global loss of 100.08 million jobs in the travel and
tourism sector. (Statista, 2022) The England tourist business has grown rapidly in the last ten
years, and by 2025, it is expected to be worth £257 billion. However, due to restrictions put
on tourism, the hotel industry, and the leisure sector, its value has drastically dropped.
(Hanson, 2021)
Flights were grounded and tourist and hospitality industries were shut down during the initial
lockdown in the England, which started on March 23, 2020. Following the gradual easing of
restrictions, these companies had to adjust to new capacity and social distancing rules,
operating curfews, a second four-week national lockdown starting in November 2020,
followed by a third national lockdown, which was expected to result in declining revenues,
job losses, and general uncertainty. (Carr, 2020)
The implementation of these regulations has had a substantial negative impact on the demand
for hospitality and tourism, and it has caused several companies involved in these sectors to
temporarily close their doors. (Bartik et al., 2020) This has in turn created a number of
upcoming study possibilities for academics to learn more about and analyse how recovery
plans are being implemented in the two sectors. Therefore, this study examines COVID-19's
effects on England tourism and the hospitality sector.
RESEARCH CONTEXT
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Globally, the Covid-19 epidemic abruptly disturbed individuals and environments, with
profound social, psychological, and economic effects. No industry has perhaps been as hard-
hit as travel and hospitality, with the results being described as disastrous. (Dube et al., 2020)
In addition to producing income, many industries also create jobs. Given that tourism and
hospitality are industries with both tangible and intangible components, their vulnerabilities
are multifaceted, intricate, and significantly influenced by consumer spending choices.
(Becken & Hughey, 2013) As a result, in this case, it is essential to quantify the pandemic-
related losses in order to develop regulations to control tourist and hospitality activities.
A literature review will be followed by a discussion of the findings from primary and
secondary research highlighting the new issues with reservations, occupancy rates, pricing,
and employment methods. The study will contribute by advancing awareness of the
viewpoints of tourism and hospitality management during the worst crisis the sector has ever
seen. The research's conclusions could be helpful in laying out a long-term course of action.
RESEARCH AIM
To analyse the impact of COVID-19 on tourism and hospitality sectors in the England.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
1. To examine how COVID-19 has affected the England hospitality and tourist industries.
2. To determine the problems individuals are facing due to lockdown and restrictions in the
England's tourist and hospitality industry.
3. To evaluate the government policies and measures created by the government for these
sectors.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. How has COVID-19 affected the England hospitality and tourist industries?
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2. What problems individuals are facing due to lockdown and restrictions in the England's
tourist and hospitality industry?
3. Evaluate the government policies and measures created by the government for these
sectors.
LITERATURE REVIEW
COVID-19 pandemic in the England
Beginning in early 2020, the infection spread throughout the nation, mostly thanks to tourism
to other parts of Europe. Various sectors responded, and starting in March 2020, more
extensive public health measures will be implemented. To lessen its effects, the England
government passed new laws and implemented public health and economic policies. (Flynn
et al., 2020) A countrywide lockdown was implemented on March 23rd, 2020, and was
removed in May and replaced with particular area limitations. Later in 2020, more
widespread limitations were enacted as a result of an increase in instances. The majority of
limitations were abolished during the third wave, which was pushed by the Delta-variant in
mid-2021. In reaction to the Omicron variation in December 2021, the winter plan reinstated
certain regulations; however, as the Omicron wave persisted in February and March 2022, all
limitations were removed. (Lillie et al., 2020)
The epidemic severely disrupted the England economy, negatively affecting almost all
industries and workforces. Some brief shutdowns turned into longer ones, and some
furloughed employees were ultimately laid off. (Mark Stephens, 2020)
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
In 2018, 6.7% of the England's overall gross value added was produced by the travel and
tourism industry. Since then, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly hurt
the sector in 2020 and into 2021, with travel restrictions imposed by governments in the
England and throughout the globe for extended periods of time. (Roberts, 2021)
One of the England economy's fastest-growing industries, the hospitality sector has
significant difficulties in aligning its skill needs to the nation's shifting labour market. (Baum,
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2002) Lockdowns and governmental restrictions have notably hurt the industry throughout
the coronavirus outbreak. (Pascual & Cain, 2021)
Sydnor-Bousso and his colleagues claim that there is little study on how catastrophes affect
these businesses. (Sydnor-Bousso et al., 2011) While having certain differences, the travel,
tourism, and hospitality sectors are very intertwined. (Baum et al., 2020) The World Bank
reports that Covid-19 has had a terrible effect on the whole value chain of the tourism sector,
including airlines, bus and rail companies, cruise, hotels, restaurants, as well as travel agents,
tour operators, and internet travel businesses. (World Bank, 2020) Urban regions, which
house a variety of hospitality establishments, are frequently quite appealing travel
destinations for both local and foreign travellers. (Postma & Schmuecker, 2017)
According to Buultjens and his colleagues, the ability of the tourist sector to deal with natural
catastrophes and self-inflicted crises successfully is crucial for maintaining stability while
also preserving the flexibility and diversity required for innovation and continued growth.
(Buultjens et al., 2017) Many studies have documented the catastrophic consequences of
crises on the tourist sector, demonstrating a lack of industry resilience to significant external
shocks. (Khalid et al., 2019)
The extent and speed of the Covid-19 outbreak, as well as travel restrictions, quarantine
demands, border closures, closures of tourist lodgings, and the global grounding of
aeroplanes, have had a significant negative economic impact on the travel and tourism sector.
(Gössling et al., 2020) The fact that the tourist and hospitality sectors use a lot of labour and
that technology may become more significant in a post-pandemic tourism environment might
have further negative social effects owing to linked furloughing and job losses. (Gretzel et al.,
2020) Baum, however, believes that the pandemic's effects on the resilience of the tourist and
hospitality sectors are essentially an acceleration of standard procedures, for instance quick
staff hiring and firing in response to demand, made more pronounced by the virus's speed and
the failure of government programmes to address the socioeconomic vulnerabilities of the
workforce and communities where tourism is the primary business. (Baum et al., 2020) Jamal
and Budke also point out that increased stakeholder engagement is necessary to plan for and
manage resilience because pandemics are anticipated to become a recurrent occurrence in the
tourist sector. (Jamal & Budke, 2020)
On the positive side, Niewiadomski points out that transitory de-globalization processes are
providing the England tourist sector with a rare opportunity to re-develop in line with the
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principles of sustainability. (Niewiadomski, 2020) Similarly, this halt may cause the England
tourist industry to take a step back and reconsider how it runs, allowing for the development
of a plan for a future that is more robust, inclusive, and democratic, with more chances for
social justice and less exploitation. (Sigala, 2020)
METHODOLOGY
Given the nature of this research and how best to achieve the aim, a hybrid method seems to
be the most suited. Both inductive and deductive techniques are employed in the current
investigation. Data will be gathered through descriptive research using a quantitative
approach and primary research using a qualitative methodology to better understand the
current situation in the sector, all in accordance with the goals and objectives of the study.
In order to identify the proper dataset for this study, a thorough literature review of the areas
of interest will be conducted. This review will include scholarly publications, news items, and
datasets from organisations with a solid reputation in the field, such as the WTTC, WHO, and
others.
A twenty-minute-long questionnaire made up of ten to fifteen open-ended questions will be
created to collect the primary data. The managers and other individuals in these sectors of
England will be given the surveys manually. There will be 30 surveys issued in total.
REFERENCES
Bartik, A., Bertrand, M., Cullen, Z., Glaeser, E., Luca, M., & Stanton, C. (2020). How are
small businesses adjusting to COVID-19? early evidence from a survey.
https://doi.org/10.3386/w26989
Becken, S., & Hughey, K. F. D. (2013). Linking tourism into emergency management
structures to enhance disaster risk reduction. Tourism Management, 36, 77–85.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.11.006
Carr, A. (2020). Covid-19, Indigenous Peoples and Tourism: A view from New Zealand.
Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 491–502.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1768433
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Dube, K., Nhamo, G., & Chikodzi, D. (2020). Covid-19 Cripples Global Restaurant and
hospitality industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(11), 1487–1490.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1773416
Flynn, D., Moloney, E., Bhattarai, N., Scott, J., Breckons, M., Avery, L., & Moy, N. (2020).
Covid-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Health Policy and Technology, 9(4), 673–
691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.003
Hanson, E. (2021, July 28). The impact of covid-19 on the UK Tourism Industry. Boutique
Hotel News. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from
https://boutiquehotelnews.com/features/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-the-uk-tourism-
industry/
Lillie, P. J., Samson, A., Li, A., Adams, K., Capstick, R., Barlow, G. D., Easom, N.,
Hamilton, E., Moss, P. J., Evans, A., Ivan, M., PHE Incident Team, Taha, Y., Duncan,
C. J. A., & Schmid, M. L. (2020). Novel coronavirus disease (covid-19): The first two
patients in the UK with person to person transmission. Journal of Infection, 80(5), 578–
606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.020
Mark Stephens, S. C. and G. L. (2020, June 11). Coronavirus and the impact on output in the
UK economy: April 2020. Coronavirus and the impact on output in the UK economy -
Office for National Statistics. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from
https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/articles/coronavirusandthei
mpactonoutputintheukeconomy/april2020
Pascual, M. E., & Cain, L. N. (2021). Loyalty programs: The Vital Safety Feature for airlines
to survive covid-19. International Hospitality Review, 36(1), 124–130.
https://doi.org/10.1108/ihr-03-2021-0017
Roberts, D. (2021, February 15). Coronavirus and the impact on the UK travel and tourism
industry. Coronavirus and the impact on the UK travel and tourism industry - Office for
National Statistics. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from
https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/tourismindustry/articles/
coronavirusandtheimpactontheuktravelandtourismindustry/2021-02-15
Statista Research Department. (2022, July 19). Jobs lost in tourism industry due to covid-19.
Statista. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1104835/coronavirus-travel-tourism-employment-
loss/
WHO. (2020). Coronavirus. World Health Organization. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from
https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
Baum, T. (2002). Skills and training for the hospitality sector: A review of issues. Journal of
Vocational Education & Training, 54(3), 343–364.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820200200204
Baum, T., Mooney, S. K. K., Robinson, R. N. S., & Solnet, D. (2020). Covid-19’s impact on
the hospitality workforce – new crisis or amplification of the norm? International
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Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(9), 2813–2829.
https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-04-2020-0314
Buultjens, J., Ratnayake, I., & Gnanapala, A. C. (2017). Sri Lankan tourism development and
implications for resilience. Tourism and Resilience, 83–95.
https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780648330.0083
Gretzel, U., Fuchs, M., Baggio, R., Hoepken, W., Law, R., Neidhardt, J., Pesonen, J., Zanker,
M., & Xiang, Z. (2020). E-tourism beyond covid-19: A call for transformative research.
Information Technology & Tourism, 22(2), 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-
020-00181-3
Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid
assessment of covid-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
Jamal, T., & Budke, C. (2020). Tourism in a world with pandemics: Local-Global
Responsibility and Action. Journal of Tourism Futures, 6(2), 181–188.
https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-02-2020-0014
Khalid, U., Okafor, L. E., & Shafiullah, M. (2019). The effects of economic and financial
crises on International Tourist Flows: A cross-country analysis. Journal of Travel
Research, 59(2), 315–334. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519834360
Niewiadomski, P. (2020). Covid-19: From temporary de-globalisation to a re-discovery of
tourism? Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 651–656.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1757749
Postma, A., & Schmuecker, D. (2017). Understanding and overcoming negative impacts of
tourism in city destinations: Conceptual Model and strategic framework. Journal of
Tourism Futures, 3(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-04-2017-0022
Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and covid-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and
resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 312–321.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015
Sydnor-Bousso, S., Stafford, K., Tews, M., & Adler, H. (2011). Toward a resilience model
for the Hospitality & Tourism Industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality &
Tourism, 10(2), 195–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2011.536942
World Bank. (2020, July 1). Rebuilding tourism competitiveness. Handle Proxy. Retrieved
February 19, 2023, from http://hdl.handle.net/10986/34348
APPENDIX
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Time Table:
CONTENT WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7
Research
proposal
Introduction
Literature
Review
Data
Collection
Analysis
Writing
Conclusion
Final Paper
Submission
Reflection:
This project's goal is to determine how COVID 19 will affect the England hospitality and
tourist industries. Three key objectives have been established as part of this endeavour, and
the research body will be organised in accordance with the goals. The little percentages of the
objectives will be covered by the literature review. But the idea will be expanded upon and
the research issue will be understood more clearly. Following the completion of the literature
review, primary data will be gathered and examined. In accordance with the schedule, the
project will be turned in.
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