Obstacles and Opportunities for Adolescent Inclusion in the Community

This essay focuses on obstacles and opportunities for the inclusion of adolescents in the community. It discusses the impact of the tidal model on their well-being and explores initiatives in New Zealand to inspire adolescent involvement in the community.

BN606 Mental Health Essay
Person Centred Care II: The Mental Health Context
Shamane Sweeta Nair
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Psychological health is considered as a comfort and wellbeing state in which
a person identifies his or her potential to deal with regular stress and hassle
of lifecycle and still contribute to the community to increase the work
productivity. This essay will focus on obstacles and opportunities for the
inclusion of adolescents’ in the community. A recovery model known as the
tidal model is defined and its impact on the adolescent’s well-being is
explained. Also, the essay will discuss the initiative of New Zealand, which
will inspire the addition of young people in the present community.
According to World health organisation (WHO), adolescents is described as
a stage of development and growth, where an adolescents grows both
behaviourally and physically towards maturity from the age of ten to nineteen
years (World Health Organization, 2017). Erikson in his theory stated,
adolescence as a phase of life with specific developmental and health
desires, where an adolescent develop skills, knowledge and acquire to cope
up with relationships and emotions. They also acquire qualities and
capabilities for leading their daily life (Evans, Nizette, & O’Brien, 2017).
The inclusion of adolescent in the community has different advantages and
opportunities for them such as education, group activities and campaigns to
support adolescent's development (Mental Health Commission, 2009). New
Zealand inaugurated free education to the adolescents’ ranging from the age
of five to nineteen years (Ministry of Education, 2017). Adolescent develop
social skills through school by participating in various activities such as
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interpersonal and interaction and skills like outdoor activities, group activities,
and class presentations.
Sex education is considered as an additional advantageous part of education
in the community (Ministry of Education, 2016). Sex education offers
students to enhance understanding, skills and knowledge to improve their
attitude towards sexuality. This knowledge will help them to look after their
sexual health, which in turn will enhance their interpersonal relationship
(Crisp & Taylor, 2010). In sex education, the students acquire the concept of
physical, mental, social, spiritual and emotional factors of sexuality
influencing the health of an adolescent comprising of social competence and
pubertal changes (Ministry of Education, 2017).
Adolescents require the support of support of their family, friends and close
relatives in order to guide them through this phase of life (Guzman, 2007).
During this phase, adolescents go through a rough stage of mixed emotions
where they try to be self-governing but remain confused and require the
supervision of their parents to handle the challenging circumstances (Mental
Health Commission, 2009). The love and support from their family member’s
will help the adolescents to understand and deal with their problems with
ease and guidance. As an adolescents begin to join school and appear in
different activities, they make new friends who later play a crucial role in their
by influencing their wisdom of safety and security. The level of comfort
increases and thus they are highly influenced due to similar mentality and
age group (Guzman, 2007). Hence, family and friends play a vital role in an
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adolescent's well-being by building a healthy relationship and atmosphere to
assist their community participation and involvement.
Barriers such as bullying, poverty, humiliation and discrimination effects the
involvement and Participation of adolescent's in the community where
humiliation and discrimination is considered as the biggest barrier. It has a
major impact on adolescent and their way to distinguish themselves thus
making the accomplishment of recovery difficult and slow (Mental Health
Commission, 2009). The negativity and lack of enthusiasm lead to dearth of
self-esteem and confidence in adolescents, and as a result they isolate
themselves from the surrounding thus avoiding any proficient help.
Humiliation and discernment effects the adolescents’ quality of life and thus
changing their perception of contributing and participating in the community
(Puhl & Heuer, 2010).
Bullying is another important barrier effecting an adolescent. Many different
types of bullying are present, which include physical, social and verbal
bullying. Bullying is a major issue in New Zealand, which happens in many
schools thus effecting the adolescents’ state of mind. Census at School
2015, stated that 36% of students between the ages of 9 to 19, were
suffering from verbal bullying as a major issue in their institute (Mental Health
Commission, 2009). Various studies illustrate that the adolescents who are
continuously bullied end up being lonely, depressed and anxious with poor
self-esteem and declined emotional and mental health (Mental Health
Commission, 2009).
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The community of New Zealand consider poverty as another major barrier for
adolescents. According to New Zealand General Social Survey (2010), one
in every four children under 19 years of age animate in poverty which
hamper their access to community services and resources. In New Zealand
a fixed and secured source of income is required to access health services
and to fulfil the basic necessities of life (UNICEF, 2011). Poverty also has an
impact on adolescents needs thus hampering their approaches to fulfil the
needs and manipulating them to involve in offensive activities such as
shoplifting, theft and gambling.
The adolescents undergoing psychological health issues face challenge in
recovery path. Different model are constructed to modify the recovery
journey of adolescents by making it less challenging. Recovery model is
defined as a person-centred method concerning service delivery supported
by the standard and principle of social equality and justice that challenge the
documentation and management of psychological illness in order to simplify
psychological health by reducing the influence and symptoms of
psychological disorder (Evans et al., 2017). Tidal model is the chosen
recovery model in this study developed by Dr Phil Barker and Poppy
Buchanan-Barker. Tidal model is a logical approach towards the innovation
of psychological health, which emphasizes on serving people to regain their
individual perception and stories regarding the situation (Buchanan-Barker &
Barker, 2008). While executing the method of tidal model, it is important to
ruminate the domains, which spin around the relationship and experience of
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client (Buchanan-Barker & Barker, 2008). 10 different commitments are set
up to explain the values and philosophy included in the tidal model explaining
diverse strategies to lead a healthy and peaceful life.
Being a trainee is considered as a commitment of tidal model, indicating that
adolescents are enough capable to acquire and learn from other individual in
order to mark the retrieval stage as effective. In adolescents, an individual
are in beginning maturity stage hence are less experienced. The support
from health professionals, family and friends help them to overcome their
negative choices and views (Evans et al, 2017). Adequate value and respect
towards their belief, thoughts and feelings will help them to understand their
perspective and gain an improved understanding of recovery (Buchanan-
Barker & Barker, 2008).
Another commitment included in tidal model is value the voice, which aims to
inspire the accurate client’s opinion and thus not execute any opinion of
authority as they in the phase of being self-governing (Buchanan-Barker &
Barker, 2008). At this stage, the opinions of adolescents are discriminated
because to their developing age of maturity. In everyday life, it is essential to
mark an adolescent as important concerning their ideas and opinions
providing them with an opportunity to stand for themselves, hence
encouraging them to feel and sense the importance of being heard as a
crucial portion of the community (Evans et al., 2017). Hence, tidal model
helps the consumers to cultivate and improve their confidence with effective
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practitioner’s contribution towards the health care process by consumer
(Buchanan-Barker & Barker, 2008).
Valuing the communication language is considered as another substantial
commitment. It is important because different health consumers adapt
exceptional means to express the stories or happenings of their life. Through
diverse generation, the adolescents develop their individual teen
confrontations, which can be difficult to understand. Adolescents
communicate through their individual mother language concerning about the
disturbing situations, which in turn help the adolescent to concentrate on the
discussion instead of getting conscious and progress their independent
confidence, self-esteem, and increased sense of belonging and identity
(Evans et al., 2017). Peer support help the adolescents to develop their way
of understanding in grown-up world hence, the tidal model supports the
adolescents to communicate and interact in their independent language to
increase the bond and rapport with others (Buchanan-Barker & Barker,
2008).
New Zealand promoted some important initiatives to encourage and inspire
adolescent’s involvement and wellbeing in the present community. Initially,
“My Friend Youth Resilience” was promoted as a group established plan,
which trains the participants to face and overcome from new threat and
challenges experienced during their early adulthood between the ages of
twelve to fifteen years. Dr Paula Barret was the inventor and founding
director of this program comprising of Australia Pathways Health and
Research Centre recognised by World Health Organization (WHO) (Fay,
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2016). This programme permits the adolescents to handle and deal with
traumatic circumstances by controlling their anxiety level and learning self-
regulation. This will also help the adolescent to grow and gain some positive
self-confidence with innovative approaches to resolve problems, setbacks
and challenges faced in everyday life (Ministry of Education, 2017). Fay 2016
conducted a research on this programme and thus concluded that this
program is effective in maintaining the lifestyle of adolescent’s thus
decreasing depression and anxiety, which indicate that the adolescent’s
behaviour is acceptable to allow them to be a portion of the existing
community.
The second initiative was life hack, a project under the Ministry of health,
which accommodate young people in a project on social media thus
promoting adolescent’s health and wellbeing. In New Zealand various group
of adolescents are included in the social media as the sole basis of
communication and involvement with fellow youth (Ministry of Health,
2015a). Various additional life hack’s proceeding that happen on the holidays
support the participants to share ideas with each other for example, life hack
laboratories is the place where experts work with certain groups of
adolescents in order to gain ideas and prototype on the strategies of
overcoming the situations by developing it in digital explanations (Ministry of
Health, 2015a). Hence, this project is considered as an operative strategy for
adolescences to originate with abundant philosophies and thus utilising their
knowledge in a creative and useful way.
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SPARX is another approach that is an open online electronic-therapy plan to
teach the adolescents with some key skills that is required to assist them to
overcome anxiety and depression (Ministry of Health, 2018). Various diverse
assets are accessible for adolescents including mood puzzles and
videotapes, which will help them to express emotion and ways to
appropriately handle the conditions (Ministry of Health, 2018). SPARX is
considered as an effective initiative to provide support and help to the
adolescents so that they can lead an improved life within the community.
Finally, Like Minds such as mine is an extensive countrywide project, which
counters discrimination and humiliation related with psychological disorder,
which was developed in 1977 by the Ministry of health. Humiliation and
discernment also has a harmful influence on individual with psychological
illness thus restricting their capability to improve (Mental Health Commission,
2009). The primary aim of like minds is to inaugurate a national values and
policies that will include the people who are skilled or are under experience
of psychological illness in the existing community (Ministry of Health, 2015b).
According to the mental health foundation survey (2008), the consequence of
Like Minds including Like Mine operation, states the way on how the attitude
of the community has transformed in relation to psychological well-being.
Approximately 65% of population has transformed their opinions and
exhibited respect including various community members who have accepted
an individual suffering from psychological illness (Mental health Foundation,
2008). Hence, Like Minds including Like Mine has demonstrated to be a
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competent initiative in order to encourage the adolescent’s participation in
community.
Moreover, nurses assist in reclamation and developing social addition of the
tangata whaiora or clients. In order to attain this the nurses will make the
health consumers to feel valued and welcomed and generate a relationships,
which will support the client with a respectable work and future post their
recovery (Crisp & Taylor, 2010). The sympathetic health consumers will help
the clients to improve and preserve their relationship with other people
including friends and family, which states that nurses are finding alternative
to promote peer support thus enabling the adolescents to be friendly and
share their psychological issues with experience. They also deliver an
effective and beneficial communication so that they can deal with diverse
individuals and communicate with them in various methods (Arnold & Boggs,
2011). In order to involve successfully with the customer this approach is
effective and hence the customer will exhibit required interest. In case of
evaluation of a client case, the nurse will ask an open completed set of
questions that will help the nurse as well as the client to communicate
effectively and develop more idea and knowledge about each other and the
issues of the client, thus indicating as an operative communication method
(Bastable, 2014). When a nurse is dealing with any adolescents, they have
to be conscious on how to communicate well as they incline to practice the
habit of using foul language and avoid communication in a humble way
(Evans et.al. 2017).
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Nurses has a crucial role to play in health and well-being promotion, they
focus primarily on prevention and altering the deeds and actions of an
individual with reverence to an adolescence own individual health (Bastable,
2014). While enlightening an adolescent, the nurses are required to have an
influence on their mind by making them conscious and aware of their
psychological illness by educating or having discussions through various
programs (Evans et.al. 2017). Different interventions are included in their
nursing program such as parents counselling, which will help the parents to
understand and handle their kids including the recognition of sexual
changes, identity and ways to support and approach their offspring in case of
crisis (Evans et.al. 2017). School nurses play a crucial character in
supporting and educating the students regarding their psychological illness
and various strategies to sustain decent psychological health explaining the
ways to deal with various difficult circumstances in their life explaining the
available support and resources (Jugessur & Iles, 2009). Occasionally the
adolescents lack information, income and support, thus it is the
responsibility of the nurse to ensure that their client is conscious of the
community services accessible to them. Hence this will help them to prevent
and manage any worrying situations that can happen in their individual life
(Bastable, 2014).
The primary role of nurse’s will be to advocate their client’s role and to
establish a beneficial or therapeutic relationship, which is a vital to establish
trust among each other. Nurses will advocate the client relating to cultural
safety and health consumer’s rights to establish a better well-being (Crisp &
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Taylor, 2010). In case of adolescents it might be problematic to increase trust
and build a therapeutic and friendly relationship, as they do not feel safe and
they think they are under risk of exposure relating to their lifestyle.
Commonly adolescent’s do not prefer their parents to get involved in this
process of recovery, but being a nurse it is very significant to deliver and
advocate the client regarding their privacy as it will contributes towards the
protection and security of their rights and health (Jugessur & Iles, 2009).
Nurses are considered as the important decision makers concerning the
healthcare organisation as they look at each client or consumer as an
individual and different person thereby making decision easily and thus
supporting their family including them (Thompson, Aitken, Doran & Dowding,
2013). While working with an adolescent and to speed the recovery process,
acknowledgement is considered as an effective method to know regarding
their health. The involvement of adolescent’s in decision making will promote
inspiration and will have a positive impact on their behaviour (Thompson et
al, 2013). The adolescents who are struggling with individuality issues should
be actively involved in decision making in order to promote wellbeing.
Hence it can be concluded that poverty, humiliation, bullying and
discrimination are considered as the barriers in hindering effective
involvement of the adolescents in the existing community. In order to
overcome the above mentioned issues numerous strategies and initiatives
such as Life hack, My Friend Youth Relisene, Like Minds like Mine and
SPARX are included in action that will promote recovery and wellbeing in
adolescent’s and encourage their active community inclusion. Different
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opportunities like education and support from friends and family will help to
promote active involvement of adolescent’s in the community. A recovery
model was inaugurated such as Tidal Model that will help the health expert
such as nurses to permit the adolescents in the retrieval process other than
being educated by others. This essay also highlights numerous characters of
nurses of being a helper, advocate and communicator in health promotion
and decision making to facilitate the process of effective recovery.
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