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Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology

   

Added on  2023-02-13

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BPY3083 INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology_1

WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANISATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY?
 “the application of methods, facts and principles of the science of psychology to
people at work” (Schultz and Schultz 2010).
 Industrial and organisational psychologists are able to apply psychological theories to
explain and enhance the effectiveness of human cognitive process, attitude and behaviours
in the workplace.
 For example, theories of:
 cognitive psychology are used to develop training programmes to enhance employee
performance;
 theories of social psychology are used to understand group behaviour and solve employee
conflict;
 theories of psychology in motivation are used to motivate and satisfy employees.
Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology_2

IO PSYCHOLOGY VS HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
No Dimension Industrial and
organisational psychology
Human resource
management
1 Primary focus groups Focuses on micro level
(individuals and groups) in
the workplace
Focuses on macro level
(organisation)
2 Application Psychology to the workplace Management principles to human
resource decisions in the
workplace
3 Level of application Bottom-up approach:
Starting at individual level -
moving to group level - moving
to organisation level
Top-down approach:
Starting at strategic organisational
level - moving to organisation unit -
moving to individual employee
Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology_3

IO PSYCHOLOGY VS HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
No Dimension Industrial and
organisational psychology
Human resource
management
4 Investigate,
understand
and explain
People and their behaviour in
the workplace context from a
psychological perceptive
How the human side of the enterprise
fits into, or influences, organisational
strategy from a management
perspective
5 Primary role in
the
organisation
• Specialist
• Industrial and organisational
psychologist
• HR Manager
• Generalist
6 Management of
contract
types
Psychological-social contract
(viewing the world from the
employee’s side)
Employment contract (viewing the
world from the organisation’s side)
Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology_4

IO PSYCHOLOGY VS HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
No Dimension Industrial and
organisational psychology
Human resource
management
7 Client focus
(Who is the
primary client
unit?)
• The individual • The management team
• The organisation
8 Academic
discipline
• Disciplinary: based on the
discipline of psychology
• e.g., personnel psychology,
organisational psychology,
career psychology, and
consumer psychology.
• Multidisciplinary: based on
management studies
• e.g., labour law, economics, industrial
sociology, industrial anthropology,
and management studies.
Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology_5

IO PSYCHOLOGY VS HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
No Dimension Industrial and
organisational psychology
Human resource
management
9 Research interest •Addresses issues that have an
impact on people in organisations
• Focuses on personal level, e.g.,
improvements in job performance
behaviour, work motivation, job
satisfaction and organisational
commitment
• Addresses more general aspects of
managing organisations
• Focuses on organisational level, such as
profit, productivity and investment
outcomes
10 Overall goal Improves organisational functioning
through understanding the
interaction between humans and
their work environment from a
psychological perspective
Improves organisational functioning
though understanding of the
organisational strategy and applying that
to the management of human resources
Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology_6

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