Brand Management of Optimum Impression Ltd & Coca Cola

BRAND MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
Introduction............................................................................................................................1
Main body...............................................................................................................................3
Conclusion..............................................................................................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
Brand portfolio strategy of Coca-Cola...................................................................................7
Hierarchy management of brands...........................................................................................8
Strategies used for managing brand equity within the organisation's portfolio...................11
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................12
Strengths of the brand that can be leveraged........................................................................12
Weaknesses that need attention............................................................................................14
Collaborative and partnership agreement linked to the brand..............................................14
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................15
Evaluating the techniques utilised by Coca- Cola for measuring as well as managing ......15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTION
Brand management refers to managing the intangible and tangible characteristics of
brand. In simple words brand management is the analysis and planning on how a brand is
perceived in the market. The report will divide in two parts, where the first part will give an
overview about brand and brand equity and analyse how Optimum Impression Ltd. Can build
successful brand by using various stages and models as well as it will cover the role of marketing
department in creating brand equity.
The study in second part will be base on Coca-Cola, one of the world's largest non-
alcoholic beverage company and the leading producer and marketer of soft drinks. The company
was established by Dr. John Stitch Pemberton. The report will analyse organisation's portfolio
and hierarchy management strategy and will analyse some strategies to manage brand equity.
Strength of the brand will also analyse that can be leveraged and by analysing weaknesses some
suggestion will provide to Coca-Cola for improvement as well as collaborative and partnership
agreements will discuss of the company.
Lastly, the report will provide an evaluation of various techniques that is used by
organisation to measure and manage brand value, brand awareness, market share, consumer
attitude and purchasing intent.
“Brand is Power”
TASK 1
Introduction
Brand is an important aspect of any organisation, it refers as a name, sign, symbol or
design used to identify the products or services that increase its value and differentiate the
goods or services from the competitors (Çifci and et.al., 2016). Optimum impression Ltd. is one
of the leading advertising organisations which launched marketing brochure called Brand is
power which outlined various aspects that is equity stages of building successful brand, etc.
Brand equity is a set of assets that is linked to symbol and name of brand that adds to the
value provided by services or products to the organisation. Brand equity also defined as the
added value endowed on services or products which may be reflect as the way consumer feel,
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think and act with the respect to the brand.
Benefits of branding for business
Branding is very important aspect of organisational activity. The benefits of branding
are as follow;
Branding consist logo that can be recognise by customers. Thus, branding is important
for Optimum Impression Ltd. to improve recognition and generate new customers (Davis,
2017).
Branding builds financial value to the business and create trust within customer's mind
for the quality of Optimum Impression Ltd.
Stages of building a successful brand
By building public relation and implementing effective communication and marketing
strategy. By developing attractive logo and tag-line that reflect the product as a brand and
implement it on the website, on products, publication, using it in advertising, etc. Furthermore,
organisation can develop brands by using brand pyramid that include five stages of building a
successful brand. The stages include:
 Identify marketing objective and strategy on the basis of target audience..
 Develop concepts/tag-line and start visual research
 Develop media strategy and begin with visual material such as; photos, pictures
 Identify target audience
 determine sustainability of brand and continuous monitoring and brand auditing is
essential
◦ In addition to the above, coca -cola company need to organise their business based
on the commitment made by them to customers. An organisation need to
communicate their promise to people. Firm need to develop consistent as well as
clear business policy.
The role of marketing department in creating brand equity
Marketing department of Optimum Impression Ltd. plays a critical role in creating brand
equity (Elliott and et.al., 2015). They assist brand equity by promoting the set goals and
objectives and collaborating with other functional area of the organisation. Marketing programs
by the department are focuses on the products, price and distribution channels and these
programs help Optimum Impression Ltd. to create brand image and building brand awareness.
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Marketing communication is important in establishing level of similarity as well as level of
difference with competition and make an impression in mind of consumers that develop strong
consumer-based brand equity and build long lasting relationship.
Main body
Successful strategy for strengthening brand equity
Brand equity is the financial value of brand that provide value/capital to products or
services of Optimum Impression Ltd. After building brand and brand equity it is essential for
the organisation to use effective strategy to strengthen their brand equity (Flint, Signori and
Golicic, 2016).
Aaker's brand equity model
Brand equity can be strengthened by Optimum Impression Ltd. by understanding and
implementing Aaker's Brand Equity Model also called as Five Assets Model. This model is
developed by David Aaker.
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Brand Loyalty
According to this stage, one of the most important steps in strengthening brand equity is
to win brand loyal customers (Brand Equity, 2018). Brand loyalty refers to a commitment of
potential customers to repurchase. People can be loyal to a brand by following factors: Reduced
marketing costs, trade leverage, attracting new customer, time to respond to competitors brand.
Brand loyalty of Optimum Impression is strong. They maintain their services consistent
and fulfil the demand of consumers as well that result in consumer's commitment and their
loyalty.
Brand Awareness
Brand awareness is the degree to which brand is recognised by potential target
customers. Brand awareness is something that is very important for business to enhance brand
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Illustration 1: Aaker's Model of Brand Equity
(Source: Brand Equity, 2018)

equity and attain loyal consumer.
The awareness of brand according to Optimum Impression if the firm is on moderate
level and they need to implement the steps to influence brand awareness. It can be achieved by
Attach association to the brand that help in influence brand awareness and Brand awareness can
be increase by increasing familiarity with customers as familiar consumer will speak more
about brand that influence brand awareness.
Perceived Quality
Perceived quality can be defined as the perception of consumers to the overall quality of
services or products. Strengthening brand equity to provide good quality services to customers
(Heding, Knudtzen and Bjerre, 2015). This step includes; quality of products that being a reason
for consumers to have the services of the organisation, the level of differentiation/ position in
compare to the competition brand, etc.
For example, if quality of services of business is high and their price point, additional
features offered to the associated company make them able to maintain brand equity.
Brand Association
Brand associations are the attribute of a brand that come into customer's mind when the
brand is talked about. In this stage, brand association is not beneficial for organisation, the
images and symbol that are associated with a brand is beneficial for brand equity. It can be
based on; Advertisement, word of mouth, association with celebrity, etc.
Optimum Impression Ltd. advertise for many famous companies and for many
celebrities that make them recognised in consumer's mind. Their services are on reasonable
price. Apart from that, their marketing activity and strategy need some improvement.
Proprietary Assets
Proprietary assets include; patents, trademarks, copyrights and other intellectual
property rights. According to this stage the more proprietary asset a brand has, brand
competency is greater in the market (Hsu, Fournier and Srinivasan, 2016). Proprietary asset
help them to compete in the market effectively and strengthening brand equity to attain
competitive advantage.
Brand Extension
Brand extension involve using the name of existing brand name to introducer or launch
new product category. According to this strategy business can leverage brand value/equity by
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introducing logical and complementary new product category. There are two type of brand
extension; Line and category.
For example, Optimum Impression Ltd. increase profitability by offering more than one
service category. They also can extend their services globally that help them to reach a wide
range of customers and build brand image across the border (Jugenheimer, Sheehan and Kelley,
2015).
Brand Reinforcement and Revitalisation
Brand reinforcement refers to maintaining brand equity and making sure that the
customers do have desired knowledge so that the brand able to satisfy consumers need and build
the image. This can be done by marketing activities such as; advertising, events and
sponsorship, etc. by creating brand awareness. It is suggested to the organisation to build
effective reinforcement strategy and continue monitor emergence of new technology and what
change comes in consumers taste and preferences.
Brand Revitalisation
Brand revitalisation is the marketing strategy employed when a brand has reached to the
maturity and their profits are begun to the decline stage. It is essential for Optimum impression
to know what marketing or managerial actions possibly revitalise the brand in consumer's mind.
It is suggested to the organisation for successfully revive the brand by increase differentiation
by continuous innovation (Keller and Brexendorf, 2017). The reason of brand revitalisation for
the organisation is; Struggling industry environment, Easy entry of competitors, Stiff
competition, etc. Revitalisation can be done through market expansion, brand repositioning and
modification in products or services.
Conclusion
Branding is not just about getting the target market to select the organisation over the
competition. It is also about to deliver the brand to the consumers as a sole provider of a
solution to their issues. Branding as a marketing tool clearly deliver the message, vision of
Optimum Impression Ltd. To the potential customers.
It conforms the credibility of brand in marketplace and emotionally connect to target
customers with services or products of the company (Spry and Lukas, 2016). In similar to
marketing activity branding also help the organisation to promote its services and products and
motivate buyer to make purchase. It helps the organisation to research about consumers need,
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demand and preferences and let the company to make effective marketing and branding
strategy.
TASK 2
Brand portfolio strategy of Coca-Cola
Brand portfolio covers all the various type of brands the company owns that have direct
relation to other owned brands (Tatoglu, Sahadev and Demirbag, 2018). Brand portfolio strategy
outlines how an organisation will use various brands and branding element to drive profitable
growth. The strategy is an effective management, creation and deployment of brand asset that
support business growth and development. Brand portfolio strategy help the company to
understand the need of adding brand to the portfolio, how they can prioritize their brands. The
strategy also helps the industry to determine how to develop the optimal brand structure and
potentially using elements such as; endorser brand, sub-brands, etc.
Coca-Cola is one of the leading soft drink makers and the largest beverage company in
the world. The organisation currently offers nearly 400 brands over 200 countries. The
organisation owns four of the world's top five beverages brand; Coca-Cola, Sprite, Diet Coke
and Fanta. Developing of managing brand portfolio strategy of Coca-Cola include; brand
portfolio, roles of brand portfolio, portfolio graphics, portfolio structure. The strategies allow
organization by creating visibility of brand. It helps the industry to create cost efficiency and in
strengthening association (Uggla, 2015).
BCG Matrix of Coca Cola
The brand occupies a different position in BCG matrix that is based on the demand and
competitive position. Company use this matrix to classify their business units, products or
services into four different categories; Stars, Dogs, Cash Cows and Question mark
Rising Stars- Thumps-up, Maaza, Fanta and Sprite are rising stars as these brands have
high market share but also have high competition in respective segment.
Dogs- Under this category company's Diet Coke and tea-coffee brands falls as they are
not able to attract customers for this segment.
Cash Cows- The products of main brand name i.e. Coca Cola is considered as cash cow.
The brand has single competitor in Pepsi and has superior performance and presence across
world (Çifci and et.al., 2016).
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Question Mark- Under this category Kinley falls the reason is it as being low sales in the
market and company is not able to position due to high competition.
Hierarchy management of brands
There are two main models to organize or manage brand portfolio; branded house and
house of brands
House of brands
House of brand strategy use when a product or service brand structured is characterized
by unique and individual brand name according to the product line, each brand have their own
unique positioning and there is no need of awareness or leverage from parent brand name
(Brands, 2017). Coca-Cola is known for the House of brand as they introduced the product line
that is known by individual brand name for every product line. For example; Sprite, Fanta is
marketed by Coca Cola as their own identity not as Coca-Cola sprite and every sub brand is
supported by expert marketing staff.
Advantages
 The advantage of House of brand for Coca cola is that it gives ability to each sub brand to
define unique target audience in wide demographic range.
Disadvantages
 Developing and implementing multiple marketing strategy and operating many service
and product line is difficult and costly.
Branded House
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Illustration 2: House of Brand versus Branded House
(Source: Brand Portfolio/ Architecture, 2017)

Branded house is most common form of brand portfolio. An organization that markets as
a branded house is expressing its value proposition in a single, unified voice. In other words, in
this strategy master brand structure is characterized by a single brand name that aligns individual
products under the corporate entity (Wheeler, 2017). Under this strategy, company itself is the
brand and all the sub brands or umbrella brands and the products are marketed by using the name
of parent brand name. Coca- Cola is also using this strategy in their organization. For example;
Their product such as; Coca-Cola Classic, Coca-Cola vanilla, Coca-Cola raspberry are their line
extension and known as the name of parent brand name.
Advantages
 Confusion and competition are avoided by keeping every offering, marketing strategy,
budget under same brand.
Disadvantages
 If any product goes through crisis the whole parent brand will suffer.
Coca-Cola basically use Hybrid strategy that is combination of house of brand and
branded house where some products are under the parent brand and some products have their
own unique identity with their own brand name (Zenker and Braun, 2017). For example; The
company has leveraged the strength of brand with variety of flagship brand extension is Diet
Coke and house of brand is Sprite. After all the analysis it can be said that Branded house
approach is best for the company as the parent brand name is far very famous that help the
organization to increase their productivity and market growth.
Hierarchy management of brands within organization's portfolio
Brand hierarchy refers to summarizing the branding strategy by displaying the nature and
number of distinctive and common elements of brand across the organisation's product. Brand
hierarchy is based on the realization that a product can be branded in various ways that
dependents in the manner existing and new brand elements are used and are combined for any
product.
Brand Hierarchy has various levels; Corporate brand, Family brand individual brand and
modifier or combination used by any organisation of two or more level.
In the case of Coca-Cola, there are multiple brands in the portfolio so the hierarchy
management of the organisation should implement strategy of managing the hierarchy of brands
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within the organisation (Davis, 2017). The industry practises Combination of various levels such
as; they manage brand hierarchy by using corporate branding as well as individual branding.
For example; By using corporate branding organisation use the parent brand name for
introduce their products such as; Coca-Cola classic, Diet, etc. and by using individual branding
they give each product its own unique brand name in the portfolio such as; Sprite and Fanta and
mineral water.
The level of hierarchy of Coca-Cola:
Coca-Cola
Soft drinks Minute Maid Mineral Water
Coca
cola
Diet
Coke
Coke zero Fanta Guava Mango Mixed
fruit
Kinley
 Coca-Cola was the first product produced by the Coca-Cola company that was invented
in late 19th century and was bought out by businessman Asa Candler and their marketing
tactics led the beverage to its dominance of the world soft drink throughout the 20th
century.
 Diet coke is marketed as sugar free and non-calorie soft drink, launched in 1982. The
organisation doesn't use a modified form of the coca-cola recipe instead they use entirely
different formula.
 In 2005 company introduced Coca-Cola Zero. That was a sugar free variation of regular
Coca-Cola.
 Coca-Cola Company introduce the new brand Fanta, sprite and Pepsi with their own
brand name and identity. The product has unique taste and feature, logo from the Coca-
Cola Company.
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Strategies used for managing brand equity within the organisation's portfolio
Brand equity is power of brand that is riverbed from the goodwill and name that has
earned by Coca-Cola company over time (Elliott and et.al., 2015).
Coca-Cola is the brand that is recognized by everyone all over the globe. Brand equity of
the company is about its value, stories, association, memories and human connection. This equity
is derived from consumer's willingness to pay premium for the brand and unwillingness to accept
substitutes. There are various strategies used by Coca-Cola Company to manage the equity of
brand.
Customer based brand Equity model states that the power of brand resides in the minds of
people. This hypothesis is based on the assumption that A strong brand equity stimulates
customers to buy more, introduce brands to other people and create customer loyalty. There are
four steps In CBBE model these are :
Brand identity: A goal of Coca cola company is to generate brand awareness. An
organisation can utilise market segmentation and unique selling position tool for identifying the
actions which is required to be taken in order to achieve desired results.
Brand meaning : An enterprise need to identify as well as communicate meaning of
brand. Coca cola need to develop the understanding about experiences that customers have with
brand come as a direct result of product’s performance.
Brand response : Coca - Cola need to concentrate on quality of drinks as this will help
an enterprise in getting high response from customers.
Brand resonance: In context of Coca - Cola an organisation can engage customer's in
business activity, as this will assist them in gaining their loyalty. An organisation can rewaqrd
customer who are loyal towards brand.
Brand recall and maintaining brand image
To manage brand equity, Coca-Cola company manage its brand image over a long period
of time. They maintain the same brand promise that they made to existing customer as well as
they are consistent with their products and the original taste from the very beginning (Flint,
Signori and Golicic, 2016). As well as the organisation repeat frequently the advertisement,
emotional touch with their consumers to position the brand in consumer's mind.
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Continuous expansion
It was analysed that a strong brand equity is built and managed that have expanded
strongly. Company expand its product as well as geographical expansion that give assurance to
the customers with the innovation capability and it allows organisation to increase their
interaction and touch points with customers. The successful expansion strategy helps the
organisation to manage the brand equity successfully.
Involve customers- By using emotions
From logo to slogan and all the marketing activities are consumer-centric that focus on
customer involvement, they build emotional connection with the potential customers by using
their marketing tactics (Heding, Knudtzen and Bjerre, 2015). It helps the organisation to manage
the brand equity.
TASK 3
Strengths of the brand that can be leveraged
Brand leveraging is a strategy that use the power and fame of existing brand name to
support organisation entry into new product that is related to category of existing products by
provide information relate to the products to consumer. Brand leveraging is an important part to
introduce new product to consumers.
Brand extension is a marketing strategy in which an organisation uses an established and
well-known brand name to introduce a new product. It can be beneficial for the company to
extending brand outside its core product line. There are two type of brand extensions: Line
extension, Category extension
Line extension Brand extension
Line extension occurs when the parent brand is
used to introduce a new product that target a
new market segment within in a category of
product category currently served by the parent
brand.
Brand extension occurs when the parent brand
is used to enter in whole different product
category or line from the product line that is
currently served by the brand.
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Line extension means that a company is
offering a different variety of services and
goods within the same product line.
Brand extension means that brand itself expand
into different product line (Hsu, Fournier and
Srinivasan, 2016).
For example; Coca-Cola company introduce
Diet and cherry variety to its cola line.
For example; Coca-Cola company unveil a line
of juice and mineral water bottle products such
as; Fanta, Sprite, Kinley, etc.
There are various techniques of extend and leverage the brand that can be used by Coca-
Cola such as;
 Line extension strategy
 Brand extension strategy
 Stretching the brand vertically or horizontally
 Co-branding
Following are the disadvantage of brand leveraging of Coca-Cola
 Using line extension for leveraging brand of the company is a big failure for the company
in some product line such as; cherry. The leverage act as a serious drain on the company
resource and image.
 Coca -cola thought tjhat consumers only cared about the taste but that proved to be
incorrect and their New Coke was a failure.
It can be analysed that brand extension makes the acceptance of new product easy rather than
line extension.
Analysis of strength of the brand and suggestion for improvement
Strengths of Coca-Cola
 Coca-Cola is number one beverage brand in terms of sales and reach.
 Coca-Cola is one of the most valuable brands across the world and it is valued 79.2
billion dollars, the valuation include asset, brand value, etc.
 The brand is present in 200 countries and the employee strength of the brand is around
1,50,000 people. The presence is so strong that if consumer go in any country, they can
find the product in the market.
 Coca-Cola have effective and efficient packaging techniques that give importance on
recycling and reusing.
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 Customer loyalty is one of the biggest strengths of the brand as it has huge fan following
of customers and people prefer the brand over other (Jugenheimer, Sheehan and Kelley,
2015).
Weaknesses that need attention
Analysis of weakness of the brand and suggestion for improvement
 Strong competition in drink segment is a weakness to the brand image as PepsiCo is
strong fighter over the share market of Coca-Cola zero.
 People are become concern with diabetes and Obesity and carbonated drinks are major
influencer of these complications related to health. Coca-Cola zero is a major carbonated
drink brand.
 The brand's net operating revenue has declined from past five years steadily. The net
operating revenue is declined to 35.4 billion dollars from 41.9 billion dollars from 2016
to 2017.
Coca-Cola Zero should innovate its marketing tactics and strategies including; bring new feature
to the advertisement process, connect to the people on global level is also can improve their
connection with people and to compete effectively with the competitors and to be superior to its
competition.
For health concern they bring new product line as sugar free drink and low carbonated
drink as well that is a smart move, but they need to market the product strongly as the products
do not have high market demand (Keller and Brexendorf, 2017).
Collaborative and partnership agreement linked to the brand
Collaborative and partnership are the act of agreement that is made by the brand willingly
to share resources with other organisation to achieve mutual objectives. Coca-Cola do
collaborative partnership with many organisations in the form of Co-Branding (Spry and Lukas,
2016). Co-Branding is a strategy and advertising practise where two or more brands come
together to deliver services and products by doing collaboration with one audience.
 Coca-Cola Zero have collaborative and partnership agreement with McDonald's since
1955 when McDonald opened its first restaurant in Des Plaines. It was beneficial for both
the brand as both had goal of expanding their business globally.
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 The brand also has collaborative partnership with various sport events, theme parks, etc.
For example; the brand sponsored the English football league, along with that it has
partnership with Walt Disney parks and Resorts.
The collaboration and partnership have both advantage and disadvantage and along with it, it
have some risk also for the company;
Advantages
Brand collaboration and partnership is an effective way to build the brand and allow them
to enter into new market as well as increase brand awareness. And both brands can benefit from
increased growth, greater reach and reduced cost.
Disadvantages/Risks
The brand also face disadvantage by collaborating and partnership. If the collaborative
party make poor tactical decision that may affect the desired outcome of the project. Following
are some risk of collaborative partnership of Coca-Cola;
 Loss of control due to lack of communication
 Negative feedbacks effects
 Organisational distraction
Furthermore, Co-branding may fail when there is a difference in mission and vision of both
companies. For instance; Being a top sponsor for international; events such as; Olympics has put
Coca-Cola at a competitive disadvantage.
TASK 4
Evaluating the techniques utilised by Coca- Cola for measuring as well as managing
1. Brand value: It can be defined as net present value if the cash flows which are
attributable to the brand name (Tatoglu, Sahadev and Demirbag, 2018). The key
indicators or standards are set by management in Coca cola for measuring brand value
these are financial performance of branded goods, role of brand in influence consumer
purchase decision, competitive strength of brand etc. In simple words financial analysis is
the technique which is utilised by an organisation for measuring brad value.
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Differentiation and customer engagement are the two strategies which are utilised by
Coca Cola for managing the brand value.
2. Brand awareness: It can be referred to as the extent up to which quality as well as image
of particular organisation. In context of Coca-cola it is very well-known brand. Social
listening and survey are basically the two techniques which are utilised by Coca- Cola for
measuring brand awareness. Diverse as well as unique marketing strategy is adopted by
Coca cola for increasing the brand awareness. Innovation is another strategy which is
utilised by firm for generating more brand awareness (Uggla, 2015).
3. Market share: It is basically a percentage of an industry, or market's total sales, that is
earned by a particular organisation within specific period. In context of Coca -cola, an
enterprise measure market share by using the mathematical techniques. Management in
an organisation calculate the sales which they have made during the specific period and
then it divides it by the sale of whole industry during same period. Collaborative
customer relationship is the technique which is used by Coca-cola for managing as well
as increasing market share. In context of Coca- Cola an organisation has capture 48.6
percent market share.
4. Consumer attitude: It is basically an individual belief about the products or services
offered by the company. Customer attitude can also be defined as the behavioural
intention of an individual towards organisation. Research and social listening are the
technique used by the Coca cola for analysing the customer attitude. Discount pricing
Technique is utilised by firm for influencing people to buy their products and services
(Wheeler, 2017).
5. Purchasing intent: It is basically an estimation that customer will buy specific product
or services. Customer survey is the technique which is utilised by Coca cola for
measuring the purchase intention of consumer. In addition to this, purchase intent
analysis is the technique Coca -Cola utilises for measuring the intention of customers.
Advantages
 Financial analysis is beneficial in the process of brand valuation as it reveals how much
company earn per year and it gives a statement of what value in the terms of sales brand
have that help to understand were the additional and unnecessary cost is utilizing.
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 Social listening and survey/Research is beneficial for the brand as the information
gathered is unprompted and it is more likely to reveal consumer true feeling towards the
brand. It is fast and affordable.
Disadvantages
 If financial statement is not made correct or if the consistency in accounting principle is
not followed properly it can mislead the overall picture of the brand.
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion and study report, it has been analysed that in company, brand
management is the most essential part for sustaining the company image in the market. Present
study has been based on brand where it discussed about brand equity, stages of building a
successful brand. Furthermore, study also explained about the role of marketing department
which is important to increase brand equity. Therefore, study explained about the brand portfolio
strategy that helps to enhance the brand portfolio or reinforcement strategies for the growth of
the company. In order to maintained the company brand image report also discussed. about the
strategies to promote brand value..
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