Nature of Contemporary British Society

This paper explores the nature of the contemporary British society and the initiatives that the British government have undertaken for the improvement of the quality of life of its members in the particular context of the Safeguarding Adults policy.

Running head: NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
Nature of Contemporary British Society
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note:

1NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
As opined by Higgins (2016), the human beings are social creatures and this is one of
the primary reasons why the humans since the traditional have evolved diverse kinds of
societies for the fulfilment of their basic social needs. Jones and Welch (2018) are of the
viewpoint that one of the important features of the different societies is the fact that they are
an amalgamation of the collective values, beliefs, customs and others attributes held by the
individual members of the concerned society. In this regard, the British or the English
society is an important one because of its historical nature and also the diversity that it boasts
of. More importantly, it is seen that the British society provides an effective representation of
the collective social interactions, political beliefs, political as well as organizational attitudes,
historical nature of the society and its other attributes (Hopkins and Coster 2018).
It is seen that the British society is one of the oldest ones of the world and because of
its complexity as well as modernity the different positive features of this society had been
embraced by the other societies of the world in the recent times. Furthermore, it is seen that
over the years the British national government had passed various kinds of legislations as
well as policies for the improvement of the quality of the lives led by its people and also to
ensure that their basic psychosocial needs are being fulfilled in an effective manner (Smith,
Messenger and Soderland 2017). The social policy, Safeguarding Adults had positively
improved the quality of life of the adult population of the British society while reducing the
number of risks or challenges that the concerned population faced in the British society. This
paper will explore the nature of the contemporary British society and the initiatives that the
British government have undertaken for the improvement of the quality of life of its members
in the particular context of the Safeguarding Adults policy.
Edge and Harvey (2017) have articulated the viewpoint that the earlier history of the
nation of Britain is shrouded in much obscurity however one thing is sure that the switch
from the hinting way of life to the farmers began in the 4000 BC. As opined by Berry (2017),

2NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
the formation of first real society in the nation of Britain began with the Anglo-Saxon people
who are often credited with the introduction of a social way of life in Britain. More
importantly, over the years in the reigns of the different Kings and Queens of Britain the
social manners, behavior, etiquettes and other aspects of the lives of the people have
undergone a significant amount of change keeping in pace with the rulers and also the
changing needs of the time (Storch 2016). Furthermore, it can be said that the modern or the
contemporary society of Britain owes a great deal to these transitions that the society as
well as the people went in subsequent stages of the concerned nation (Van Gunsteren 2018).
In this regard, it needs to be said that although the modern society of Britain owes a
significant amount of debt to the different transitions as well as changes which took place
within the societal framework of the concerned nation. For example, it is seen that although
the society of Britain had been able to retain its autocratic nature yet it needs to be said that
the modern society of Britain had emerged as one of the most diverse as well as multicultural
societies of the world (Rowe 2017). This can be explained on the basis of the fact that the
different individuals who come to the nation of the UK as students or for jobs or for asylum
purposes and others over the years have integrate themselves within the societal framework
of this nation and have also contributed in a substantial towards it as well. This is perhaps one
of the major reasons why the modern society of UK unlike the earlier times had become very
liberal in its outlook in pace with the needs of the present generation of the people and also
the modern world.
An analysis of the contemporary British society on the basis of the Beveridge report
and the ‘5 giants’ concept articulated by it is likely to reveal insightful information
regarding the concerned society itself. In this regard, it needs to be said that the ‘5 giants’ as
per Beveridge report are squalor, disease, ignorance, idleness and want (Forrest 2016). Jones
and Welch (2018) are of the viewpoint that one of the major problems that the UK is

3NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
presently facing is the housing crisis because of the unprecedented growth of population and
also the expensive nature of the houses. For example, it is seen that more than 4.9 million
homes, which accounts for more than 20% of all the homes of the nation belong to the
category of rented homes (Hopkins and Coster 2018). In addition to this, it is seen that the
average homes in the nation costs more than “7.8 times the salary” of the average working
men of the concerned nation (Van Gunsteren 2018). More importantly, because of the
shortage of homes in the nation and also the impending Brexit deal the price of properties
have increased by more than 4.2% in the last one year (Jones and Welch 2018). This in turn is
adversely affecting the people from all walks of life in the concerned nation especially the
vulnerable adults and patients. In this regard, it needs to be said that the vulnerable adults as
well as the patients because of ineffective jobs and also the large amount of capital that they
have to invest for their medical or healthcare treatments often fail to get adequate housing
services on the score of inadequate capital that they have (Barnett et al. 2017).
As opined by Tosh (2017), although the nation of UK is one of the most advanced
ones in terms of education yet at the same time it is seen that a significant amount of
ignorance persists within the concerned nation. For example, it is seen that the majority of
the native British people still try to hold on to the aristocratic way of life and thereby
completely ignore the recent developments in technology, education, societal change and
other walks of life (Ansell 2016). This problem becomes even more important in the
particular context of the vulnerable adults and the patients who because of their health and
mental issues fail to grasp the recent developments and changes which are taking place within
the concerned nation (Gonzalez‐Izquierdo et al. 2015).
Unemployment is perhaps one of the most important wicked problems that the nation
of UK is presently suffering and despite belonging to the category of the first world nations
the unemployment rate of the nation is 4% (1.53 million people are unemployed) which is

4NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
way higher than that of even the developing nations (Hopkins and Coster 2018). In this
regard, it needs to be said that the national government of UK over the years had taken
various initiatives to offer security and means of support to the unemployed people of the
nation like “The 1911 National Insurance Act”, “The Unemployment Act of 1934”,
“Jobseekers Act 1995” and others (Edge and Harvey 2017). It is to be noted that the primary
purpose of these legislations and other ones were to offer a means of financial and other kinds
of support to the unemployed people. However, in the recent times it is seen that the
government had reduced the amount of benefits which these people are entitled to on the
score of the misuse of these benefits or perks. The government in turn is offering various
kinds of internship programs in the nationalized organizations to overcome this problem of
unemployment and also to offer the required job skills to the people. Needless to say, this had
adversely affected the unemployed people of the nation particularly the ones related to the
category of vulnerable adults and the patients. In this context, it needs to be said that these
people because of the health issues that they face often fail to take up regular jobs and the
reduction of unemployment benefits by the national government is expected to affect them in
an adverse manner (Sommers et al. 2017).
Five of the major diseases which account for the maximum number of deaths in the
nation of UK are heart diseases, cancer, stroke, lung and liver cancer (Holroyd-Leduc et al.
2016). In addition to this, it is seen that more than 43.7% people of the nation suffer from one
form of mental health issue or the other (Cooper et al. 2017). More importantly, the national
government over the years had taken various initiatives for the mitigation of this problem and
the most important one in this regard was the establishment of the NHS in 1947 in the wake
of the Second World War (Wallace et al. 2015). In addition to this, various private healthcare
organizations have mushroomed in the nation in the present which intend to offer quality
healthcare treatment services to the patients. Moreover, through the usage of the neo-

5NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
liberalism policy, the national government of UK had significantly reduced governmental
investment so as to foster the growth of private firms (Tsiachristas et al. 2017). In this regard,
it needs to be said that on the score of the free trade and other neo-liberalism policies
followed by the national government, the private healthcare organizations of the nation have
not only being able to dominate the healthcare industry of the nation but at the same time
charging exorbitant prices from the patients for treatment services which the majority of them
cannot afford because of limited capital and economic resources (Miller Jr. et al. 2016). The
national government in order to resolve this issue offers free healthcare treatment services
through the NHS to the patients yet at the same time it is seen that the quality of these
services are not on par with the ones offered by the private healthcare organizations (Heath-
Kelly 2017).
The issues as well as challenges faced by the vulnerable adults as well as the patients
over the years have not only being recognized by the national government of UK but at the
same time initiatives have been taken to address their wants or needs in an effective manner
(Asaria et al. 2016). In this regard, it needs to be said that prior to the Safeguarding Adults
Policy, the nation had various legislations or policies for fulfilling the needs or the wants of
the vulnerable adults and patients. For example, “The Commission for Social Care
Inspection” analyzing the needs or the wants of these people came forward with “Mental
Capacity Act 2005” which prohibits the abuse of people suffering from mental illnesses in
service settings, “The Protection of Vulnerable Adults” scheme under the “Care
Standards Act 2000” that prohibited the individuals to work as care givers or service settings
who had been the perpetrators of abuse in earlier times, “The Sexual Offences Act 2003”
and others needs to be mentioned in this regard (Ford et al. 2016). However, at the same time
it needs to be said that the basic wants or the needs of these people like protection of physical
or emotional abuse, effective healthcare treatment facilities and others were not being

6NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
fulfilled in an effective manner because of the shortcomings of these initiatives (Mackay
2017). The national government of UK thus in order to address the wants of these people
came forward with the Safeguarding Adults Policy.
The British society, although advanced in various ways in comparison to the other
societies of the world is currently facing diverse issues particular related to the safeguarding
the interests of the vulnerable adults and other kinds of patients. Wallace et al. (2015) are of
the viewpoint that one of the most issues which the vulnerable adults as well as the other
patients had to face within the contemporary British society is the discrimination or
inequality. As a matter of fact, despite the advancements that the nation of UK had made in
the fields of science and technology, diseases are still being seen as something derogatory
and thereby the people suffering from it had to face a significant amount of discrimination as
well as stigma (Holroyd-Leduc et al. 2016). Cooper et al. (2017) are of the viewpoint that
more than 61.9% of the vulnerable adults and patients suffering from one form of disease or
the other had to face discrimination or inequality in one form or the other. The discrimination
or inequality which is being meted out to them becomes apparent in the fact that very few job
opportunities are available to them, lack of protection from physical and emotional
abuse, lack of quality treatment facilities and others in comparison to the other individuals
of the nation (MacIntyre, Stewart and McCusker 2017). This is important because of the fact
that they not only hinder these individuals from the effective fulfilment of their basic
psychosocial needs and also greatly affect the quality of lives that they lead. Thus, it can be
said that the resolution of these issues that the vulnerable adults and other patients are facing
within the societal framework of UK is of paramount importance.
The Safeguarding Adults policy (2015) is seen as an initiative of the national
government of UK to improve the condition of the vulnerable adults and other patients in the
nation of UK and also the quality of healthcare and treatment services which are available to

7NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
them (Penhale et al. 2017). As per the England.nhs.uk (2019), the major target audience of
the concerned policy is CCG Clinical Leaders, Care Trust CEs, CCG Chief Officers,
Medical Directors, Directors of Nursing, NHS Directors, Health Professionals and
others. On the other hand, the Scie.org.uk (2019) states that the primary aim of the policy
under discussion here is to “set out the statutory requirements for NHS England to discharge
its appropriate accountability for Safeguarding children, young people and adults at risk”. In
addition to these, the national government of UK had given strict mandate that this policy is
to be used alongside the other policies of the national government like “NHS England
Recruitment Guidance”, “Voicing Your concerns (Whistleblowing) Policy”, “Managing
Safeguarding Allegations Against Staff Policy and Procedure”, “Disciplinary Policy” and
others (Nhs.uk 2019).
Burton and Burton (2019) have articulated the viewpoint that one of the most
important aspects of the Safeguarding Adults Policy is the fact that it recognizes the role
played by the health-care treatment service providers and also the healthcare professionals in
enhancing the quality of the lives led by the vulnerable adults and other patients. This is one
of the major reasons why the national government through this policy had laid out certain
provisions as well as stipulations that the healthcare professionals as well as the organizations
are required to abide by so as to offer effective services to the concerned individuals and
thereby help in the fulfillment of their wants (Mackay 2017). More importantly, the
stipulations or the mandates of the policy are also intended to reduce the issues like
discrimination, inequality and others issues that these individuals had to face within the
societal framework of the UK. The net result of this is that the caregivers and the healthcare
organizations are required to take initiatives for the empowerment as well as autonomy of the
patients and the vulnerable adults and thereby reduce or mitigate the abuse that they had to

8NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
face at the hands of the society and also the healthcare professionals itself (Manthorpe and
Martineau 2017).
The focus of the policy to overcome the weaknesses or the shortcomings of the earlier
related to the same genre is considered to be one of the major strength points of the policy.
More importantly, another strength point of the social policy can be said to be its initiative to
mitigate or reduce the abuse or other kinds of evils faced by the vulnerable adults and other
patients through the stringent recruitment and regulation measures that the policy states
(Penhale et al. 2017). In addition to these, it can be said that is one of the very first effective
initiatives undertaken by the national government of UK for the reduction of the abuses and
issues faced by the vulnerable adults and other patients since the earlier policies and
legislations were too broad in scope and thereby were too difficult to implement in an
adequate manner for them to be beneficial for the concerned individuals (MacIntyre, Stewart
and McCusker 2017). However, at the same time it needs to be said that there are some
inherent weaknesses of the policy which needs to be taken into consideration by the national
government to make the policy even more effective. For example, the policy merely outlined
the changes which will be made to safeguard the rights of the vulnerable adults and other
patients to protect them from abuse and other kinds of problems however no effective
implementation plan had been outlined as of now for its implementation (Mackay 2017).
Furthermore, the lack of synchronicity of the national government of UK with the diverse
healthcare organizations and the healthcare professionals is another important factor which
could significantly hinder the effective implementation as well as the usage of the policy
(Manthorpe and Martineau 2017).
The social policy under discussion here is important not only from the perspective of
medical and healthcare services that the vulnerable adults and other patients would be entitled
to but also from the perspective of ethics and morals as well. In this regard, it needs to be

9NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
said that the concerned individuals are human beings just like the others and thereby should
be entitled to the same kinds of rights and others (Ford et al. 2016). However, over the years
it had been noted that they have been deprived of these rights because of their vulnerability
and health condition. More importantly, the discrimination, inequality and other evils that
they have to face over the years on the score of their health condition is not only unethical but
at the same time derogatory as well (Asaria et al. 2016). In this regard, the precepts of the
“Nudge Theory” are important to note which states that positive reinforcements and indirect
suggestions are the best ways to influence the behavior of the individuals (Ewest 2018). Thus,
it can be said that this policy of the national government of UK can be seen as a positive
reinforcement which is intended to influence the behavior of its citizens towards the
vulnerable adults and other patients. More importantly, the theories of Marxism and
Functionalism are also important to note in this regard. For example, the Marxist theory
propounds the viewpoint that the different organs of the state like media and others are meant
for the oppression as well as suppression of the common people whereas the functionalist
theory states that all the organs of the state are interlinked and thereby meant for the welfare
of the common people (Waymack 2018). Thus, the concerned policy by virtue of being
interlinked with the other organs of the UK nation as per the functionalist theory is meant for
the welfare of the vulnerable adults and the other patients of the concerned nation. More
importantly, as per the concept of Social Feminism, which is actually a feminist movement
for the advocacy of the social rights of the women (Filip et al. 2016). In the particular context
of British Society it is seen a large number of vulnerable adult women had to face
discrimination, inequality, abuse and other evils on the score of health conditions (Miller Jr.
et al. 2016). Thus, the social policy under discussion here can be seen as an initiative on the
part of the nation government to advocate for the social rights of the vulnerable adult women.

10NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
The Weberian stratification states that the power, wealth and prestige are the three
essential entities of any society and the interplay of these entities gives rise to the different
kinds of classes or social designations that exists within the framework of any society
(Grusky 2018). However, when the British society is analyzed through the specific lens of
this theory of Weber it reveals that the stratification in the contemporary society of UK is not
only influenced by this but also the resources and benefits of the nation are being allocated on
the basis of this (Rowe 2017). This in turn places the vulnerable adults or the patients
suffering from various kinds of diseases at a great disadvantage because of the fact that it is
seen that on the score of their physical or mental condition they neither possess wealth, power
or prestige within the societal framework of UK. This in turn limits the benefits or the
opportunities that are available to these people which is often considered to be unethical or
immoral by these people. The Safeguarding Adults Policy of the national government of UK
can thus be seen as an ethical move on the part of the national government to not only offer
the same kinds of rights or benefits which are available to all the people of the nation but at
the same time to safeguard them as well (Mackay 2017). In the light of this, the social policy
had prescribed certain mandates for the healthcare professionals and caregivers so as to
become competent to treat the patients. For example, they are required to follow the “7
principles of public life”, namely, integrity, selflessness, objectivity, accountability, honesty,
openness and leadership for the healthcare services that they offer to the vulnerable adults
and other patients (Manthorpe and Martineau 2017). More importantly, they are also required
to complete the “15 Care standards” in an effective manner so as to get license and thereby
treat the patients (Penhale et al. 2017). Moreover, the healthcare professionals and
organizations are required to follow the 6C model and thereby take into effective
consideration the entities of care, compassion, competence, communication, courage and

11NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
commitment for the healthcare services that they offer (MacIntyre, Stewart and McCusker
2017).
To conclude, the British society has undergone a significant amount of transformation
over the years keeping in pace with the changing times and also the requirements of the
people. More importantly, it is seen that these changes are largely promulgated by the needs
or the wants of the people and also the challenges or the issues that they have face over the
years within the societal framework. In this regard, mention needs to be made of the
Safeguarding Adults Policy of the national government of the UK which not only tries to
safeguard the vulnerable adults and other patients from abuse and others but at the same time
place them on par with the other people of the nation as well. This as a matter of fact had
positively influenced the vulnerable adults and the other patients of the British society and
thereby it can be said that the developments which had taken place within the social policies
over the years have positively affected the lives of the common people of the British society.

12NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH SOCIETY
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