Construction of Portal Frame: Components and Systems

BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
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Contents
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 2
Background.......................................................................................................... 3
FOOTING SYSTEM....................................................................................................... 5
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM................................................................................................. 7
Fly bracing............................................................................................................... 8
Column and rafter................................................................................................ 9
The distinction between purlins and rafters..........................................................10
End-wall column.................................................................................................... 11
WALL SYSTEM........................................................................................................... 12
FLOOR SYSTEM......................................................................................................... 13
Surface treatment................................................................................................. 14
BUILDING SERVICES................................................................................................. 16
Electricity and telecommunications......................................................................16
Sewage and Storm water management................................................................16
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................ 18
REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 20
INTRODUCTION
Construction of portal frame is a term used to refer to the structural construction and designing
mechanism in which 2D rigid frames bearing primary features of the rigid joint located between
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the column and the column and the beam are used. This construction and designing technique is
mainly preferred in order to minimize the bending effects of the beam to enable the frame
operate as a single structural unit (Iliuk et al.2013). This enables for the reduction of the size of
structural element at the same moment and also an increase on the span can be achieved for the
exact size of the structural elements. As a result, portal frames are regarded to be of more
efficient and a reliable technique of construction to be applied for long span building structures. .
A typical anatomy of for the portal frame is as illustrated in the figure below.
Figure 1: A diagram of cross-section of portal frame together with its curtails(Iliuk et al.2013).
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Figure 2: A figure of principal structural components of frame portal (Rocha et al 2015).
This paper mainly focuses on the provision of discussion on the technical facet of the portal
frame construction mechanism. The analysis done by the paper revolves around footing system,
structural system, roof system, floor system, wall system and services. The data presented within
the paper work is as per the deep investigation of industrial unit 6D. The included photos in the
paper is to give further clarification on the presented data. To make the paper simpler, the briefly
highlighted areas of the assignment have been tackled as well.
Background
The site location of the industrial unit is exactly at the epicenter of Sutherland Shire’s Industrial
Precinct with a total approximated area of 880 m2. The ground floor is usually a warehouse with
an approximate area of 604m2 whereas the upper floor serves the role of an office and covers a
total of 160 m2. The parking capacity of the warehouse is around 12 vehicles. The real structure
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however depicts a fixed structure of steel portal frame of length 18m and height of the ceiling as
7m. The 6D Industrial unit is as illustrated in the figure below (Johnston et al 2015).
A figure of 6D Industrial unit
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Figure 3: Figure of 6D, 1-3 interior of Endeavour road (Rocha et al 2015)
FOOTING SYSTEM
In construction, footing is used to denote the building components responsible for load transfer
to the foundation from the whole structure of the building. The main reason as to why footing is
designed for a building is to ensure an economically safe transmission of loads from the structure
to the subsoil and again to a certain that unnecessary movements in the course of construction are
avoided and during the entire estimated duration of the building (Johnston et al 2015).
There are usually main factors that are considered when designing footing system, and these
factors include, condition of the soil at the site, structural loadings, type of the structure to be
constructed, problems related to construction, determined period of the construction and
economic factors. The condition of the soil as well as structural factors is however the major
factors that has to be greatly considered during footing construction. A properly designed system
of footing is of great help in the minimization or in the eradication of the differential settlement
which is as a result of the stressed load the structure submits onto the soil. In instances that are
not associated with the occurrence of such settlement, the occurrence is equal beneath the
structure of the building. Such structural arrangement of the mentioned members is as indicated
in the figure below.
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