Exploring the Evolution of Building Information Modelling

The assignment content includes various research papers, articles, and books on building information modeling (BIM) and its applications in the construction industry. The papers cover topics such as information engineering approach to modeling building design, object-oriented modeling of building design concepts, model-based computer-aided design environment for operational design, and more. The authors discuss the benefits of BIM in improving project management performance, reducing errors, increasing collaboration, and enhancing sustainability. Additionally, the content includes discussions on implementing BIM in practice, overcoming challenges, and achieving benefits through change.

BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING AND MEP ASSESSMENT
APRIL 24, 2019

Contents
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Background........................................................................................................3
1.1.1 Elements of BIM..........................................................................................4
1.1.2 Significant Features of BIM.........................................................................6
1.2 Scope of Assessment........................................................................................6
2. Literature Survey..................................................................................................8
2.1 Building Information Modelling...........................................................................9
2.1.1 B for Building...............................................................................................9
2.1.2 I for Information.........................................................................................10
2.1.3 M for Modelling......................................................................................... 10
2.1.4 Important Benefits of BIM..........................................................................11
2.2 Levels of Building Information Modelling..........................................................11
2.2.1 Level 0...................................................................................................... 12
2.2.2 Level 1...................................................................................................... 13
2.2.3 Level 2...................................................................................................... 13
2.2.4 Level 3...................................................................................................... 13
2.3 Building Information Modelling Risks...............................................................14
2.3.1 Communication.........................................................................................14
2.3.2 Control...................................................................................................... 15
2.3.3 Design Errors............................................................................................15
2.3.4 Construction Costs....................................................................................15
2.3.5 Avoiding Errors......................................................................................... 16
2.4 How BIM Mitigate building and construction Risks?........................................16
2.4.1 Safety........................................................................................................16
2.4.2 Negative Project Events............................................................................17
2.4.3 Depth Analysis..........................................................................................17
2.5 BIM – Multi Dimensional Function...................................................................17
2.5.1 Client.........................................................................................................18
2.5.2 Construction Site.......................................................................................19
2.5.3 Facility Manager........................................................................................19
2.5.4 Architect....................................................................................................20
2.5.5 Consultant.................................................................................................20
2.5.6 Contractors and Sub-contractor................................................................20
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2.6 BIM-Based MEP.............................................................................................. 20
3. Critical Analysis and Discussion of BIM Model..................................................24
3.1 Basic Data of our building................................................................................24
3.1.1 Annual Energy Use...................................................................................24
3.2 Building Information Modelling.........................................................................24
3.3 Results and Discussion....................................................................................27
3.3.1 Annual Data.............................................................................................. 27
3.3.2 Monthly Data.............................................................................................28
3.4 Results after Modifications...........................................................................30
3.5 Energy Consumption....................................................................................... 31
4. Conclusion......................................................................................................... 33
References................................................................................................................34
List of Figures
Figure 1 Elements of BIM............................................................................................5
Figure 2 Important Benefits of BIM............................................................................11
Figure 3 Levels of Building Information Modelling.....................................................12
Figure 4 BIM Dimensions..........................................................................................18
Figure 5 Factors involved in MEP Coordination Approaches....................................21
Figure 6 Average use of Frequency of MEP approach.............................................22
Figure 7 Suggestions to Progress Design Coordination Effectiveness.....................23
Figure 8 Pictorial representation of Model.................................................................25
Figure 9 Project summary.........................................................................................25
Figure 10 Building Summary.....................................................................................26
Figure 11 Zone Summary......................................................................................... 26
Figure 12 Annual Data of total energy.......................................................................27
Figure 13 Annual Data of electricity..........................................................................27
Figure 14 Annual Data of Fuel..................................................................................28
Figure 15 Monthly Data of total energy.....................................................................28
Figure 16 Monthly Data of electricity.........................................................................29
Figure 17 Monthly Data of fuel..................................................................................29
Figure 18 Energy Analysis Results...........................................................................31
Figure 19 Energy Consumption.................................................................................32
Figure 20 Energy savings due to alternate design....................................................32
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1. Introduction
In early 1980’s there is an huge lack of progress in construction and
architecture field which induce less productivity and required more man power to
build or construct any building. Delivery the complete construction projects on time is
one of the toughest task on those days which is happen lack of technology. This
scenarios was changed due to the arrival of advanced engineering techniques. The
huge development of construction growth was happened in early 21st Century with
high level of advance engineering.
In those advance engineering techniques, the Building Information Modelling
(BIM) is one of the high level of technique which is used to reduce the life cycle cost
and increase the overall productivity for each and every process of construction
activities. This assessment provides a complete overview of the Building Information
Modelling, MEP and its benefits with appropriate critical analysis via BIM tool ( A.
Boukara & A. Naamane, 2015).
1.1 Background
Normally, the Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digital representation
of structure of building and its characteristics via three dimensional prospective. It is
one of the multiphase process which collects all the necessary data and components
and develop the virtual construction via BIM tool or software. BIM provides real-time
solution for each and every complex problems in construction activity. It is used as
whole life cycle approach to enumerate complete construction activity of building
modelling (Bazjanac, V. 2008).
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The BIM have lots of advantages and the primary one is to reduce the
resources, time and life cycle cost from the building construction and design, which
encompasses the three dimensional building structure, geographical information,
spatial relationships, properties and quantities of the construction components which
includes the whole life cycle process of building and facility operations.
Generally, BIM is one of the object oriented program which facilitated with
Computer Aided Design (CAD) which support the three dimensional representation
of whole building modelling. Which provides several important activities in building
construction field such as design, plan, construction, infrastructure and manage
buildings (Ford, S, et al.1995). The BIM activities includes contributors from
complete projects life cycle such as engineer, architect, owner, contractor, facilities
managements and so on. BIM is not just a software which provide more accurate
modelling date includes high level of creativities with appropriate process design.
The BIM not only generate the model which provides several analysis like multi
modelling and provide more accurate energy modelling data via virtual approach
(Ford, S, et al.1995).
1.1.1 Elements of BIM
The Building Information Modelling comprises of five different elements which
provide complete life cycle progress of building construction effectively (Hoekstra, J.
2003).
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Figure 1 Elements of BIM
The above figure 1 shows the five different elements of BIM such as
Technologies, Information, People, Policies and Processes. These are the five
important elements of BIM for effective functioning.
Technologies element are comes under hardware and software tools being
used to cope various platforms of the Building Information Modelling progress.
Information element are cope up with the different types of information such
as documents and models. Here the documents are the digital information of papers,
prints, drawings, images and videos. And the model is the digital representation of
three dimensional models, like buildings, road, objects and so on.
People element are taken care of physical resources like man power,
effective management which comes under this element. The primary important of
this elements covers important BIM people such as BIM director, BIM technologists,
BIM consultant and managers.
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Policies elements generally refers guidelines, rules and regulations. This
element is one of the most important tool decision making platforms. Which holds
appropriate standards and practices to achieve effective BIM flow process.
Processes element come up with work activities from end to end process
which holds each end every activities as planned from input to outputs process.
Theas are the short overview of the elements of Building Information Modelling.
These elements holds the complete process flow activity in BIM environment
with sufficient project control. These elements provides set of guidance, rules and
regulation via several set of formulation. The achievement of BIM process is based
on the effective usage of these elements (Gabbar, H, et al 2004).
1.1.2 Significant Features of BIM
This section describes the important key features of Building Information
Modelling. There are,
 Using three dimensional models of plan, design, explore, construction,
maintain consistent, operational data and coordinating planning.
 Delivers greater projects vision for constructability, coast and schedule.
 Consistent usage of the data and information on onsite as well as offsite with
appropriate data maintaining activities.
 Always aware of each and every data are cope up with whole life cycle
approach of buildings and constructions.
 Tracking the process flow to enumerate successful final delivery of the
projects with appropriate productivity.
 Which project smart overview of the real time building in virtual
representation. The another important features of Building Information
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Modelling is to provide error free environment in various aspects of project life
cycle management
These are the important significant of building Information Modelling on each
stages of the flow process (Donath, D et al. 2004).
1.2 Scope of Assessment
The primary scope of this assessment is to involve in the critical analysis of an
existing structure from the prospect of Building Information Modelling with
structured use of MEP software solutions. These critical analysis are carried with
the help of power BIM tool Autodesk Revit with appropriate background research.
This assessment will deliver following activities in detail manner with appropriate
analysis.
 Industrial uses of Building Information Modelling with MEP packages, how
BIM is important in construction fields and its impacts.
 Application of BIM approaches in design projects problems and how BIM
provide real life solution of existing problems via software tool with proper
process flow activities.
 Understanding the importance of BIM and MEP with project development
activities from end to end support. How BIM holds and helps different
stages of design projects in multidisciplinary environment.
 Wide ranges of research study of Electrical, Mechanical, Plumbing and fire
related application in BIM environment
 Meeting Industrial standards and approaches with proper process flow
activity of complete projects. How the information are being used to ensure
the effective BIM environment.
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These are the main objectives and scope of this assessment which is done
via several stages of research and enumerated with appropriate discussion.
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2. Literature Survey
This section demonstrate the complete overview of Building Information
Modelling in detail. This chapter widely discuss about the benefits, application,
and levels of BIM with proper evaluation. As discussed earlier BIM is one the
digital representation platform for all building and construction process which
involve high level of engineering technology and provide real time solution for
each and every building and construction problem with various stages of whole
life cycle management (Huchzermeier, A, 2001).
Amruta Salunkhe Patil (2018) investigates the Building Information Modelling
of existing residential building projects. The speciality of this research study is the
process of BIM is enumerated as four dimensional simulation of MEP
(Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing) using BIM. The primary objective of this
project is to enumerate the 4D model with the help of 3D model with appropriate
scheduling. There are several parameters considered to achieves the goal of the
projects such as MEP designing, Information modelling, planning, time
scheduling to enumerated the virtual representation of 4D model of existing
residential building.
Saeed Rokooei (2015) studied the different aspects of Building Information
Modelling with corresponding factors like cost, time, time reduction and wastage
reduction of the projects. This paper widely investigates the brief overview of the
BIM with existing design projects. Each and every elements of Building
Information modelling are widely discussed with data analysis. The data analysis
are carried out on this paper, which delivers wide range of building and
construction plan in simplified model. The aspects of BIM and benefits are clearly
discussed with proper case study.
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Ireneusz Czmocha and Adam Pekala (2014) describes the traditional design
of building and construction versus the latest technology design of BIM. The
comparison of classical design versus BIM design completely projected with
effective quality control. The author clearly demonstrate the impact of Building
Information Modelling in modern construction field than the classical method. The
advantages of BIM are discussed with proper application. The risk assessment
are also enumerated on this paper with several risk factors and its limitation of
BIM.
Zbigniew Kacprzyka and Tomasz Kepa (2014) investigates the four
dimensional modelling techniques via Building Information Modelling. The four
dimensional modelling is enumerated with three dimensional model of the
building with appropriate scheduling activities. The primary objective of this paper
is to concentrates on planning and scheduling strategy. The four dimensional
model of the design project are achieved with the help of software tool of
Autodesk Navisworks. The scheduling process are developed from the imported
data of Revit model with proper planning. These are the general literature
summary of various research journal with respect of Building Information
Modelling. These research articles provide wide range of knowledge to complete
this assessment in effective manner.
2.1 Building Information Modelling
2.1.1 B for Building
BIM (Building Information Modelling) is became a part of the building and
construction industry through the development of modern science and
technology. It is one of the process of building construction progress via
computation approaches instead of traditional sets of drawings and paper
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models. BIM is widely applied all type of construction work and which is accepted
by throughout the construction fields such as road, buildings, railways, tunnels,
bridges etc. This approach not only applicable in one sort of construction
activities which is highly collaborate with multiphase modelling comprises of
design, planning, construction and maintenance process. So its clearly explained
as BIM is not only applicable for building which works with all the construction
sectors including utilities, roads, tunnels, bridges, structures, topology,
architecture and so on (de Vries, B 2003).
2.1.2 I for Information
The term information is most predominant part of Building Information
Modelling which entirely act as complete data of complete life cycle management.
The data handling using BIM tool is quite simple and provide wide range of
possibilities to get error free flow process (Boktor J, 2014). The information
available as both the virtual, non-virtual data which holds various aspects of
building and construction, BIM enables engineers, designers, manufactures,
builders, owners to get complete understanding of the project for each and every
stage of the construction inn detail manner. The accuracy of this process will
avoids errors and provide effective projects lie cycle activity.
2.1.3 M for Modelling
The modelling section holds the virtual representation of both the building and
information via shortened outlook. This tool provide simplified representation of
construction activities, buildings, structure, objects in a clear manner which also
provide the high end process of building and construction in organized manner
with more effective control (Becerik-Gerber B, 2010). The process flow are
induced with several element of BIM which was already discussed in figure 1. So
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BIM is one of the more effective tool to provide effective project life cycle
management of building and construction.
2.1.4 Important Benefits of BIM
This section describe the top benefits of Building Information Modelling with
appropriate pictorial representation (Korman T et al, 2008).
Figure 2 Important Benefits of BIM
The top benefits of BIM are listed in figure 2 with appropriate percentage. BIM
highly helped with document errors and reduced rework activity due to the
powerful tool progress. The document error are neglected around 60% and the
rework reduced more than 35% as stated in figure 2. Similarly the construction
cost, litigation, project duration are much reduced by BIM (Korman T. M, 2014).
2.2 Levels of Building Information Modelling
This section describes the levels involved in Building Information Modelling
with appropriate explanation for each level (Kent D, 2010). Normally, the BIM
classified as four levels such as
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 Level 0
 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3
Figure 3 Levels of Building Information Modelling
The above figure 2 shows the pictorial representation of various levels of BIM
with appropriate hint.
2.2.1 Level 0
Level 0 of BIM is lack of progress, the information involved in this level is all
paper work like two dimensional (likely CAD) prospect such as drawings, hand
calculation mode with inappropriate structure. There is no collaboration at this
level between the built assets with respect to parties. Generally at this level there
is no BIM process with respective low collaboration on this level.
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2.2.2 Level 1
The actual BIM process are started from this level. The partial collaboration
are induced at this level and provide sufficient structural over in process flow
activity. This level reached with appropriate form of structure from the information
gathered by level 0. The CAD model is now become two dimensional or three
dimensional with partial collaboration attained between different parties. While
comparing with level 0, this level provide more integration between the modelling
and information. The BIM trigged or started from this level and provide wide
range of data information in organized manner (Kim, S. Y, 2008).
2.2.3 Level 2
At level 2 of BIM, a complete collaboration are attained and the flow process
are achieved as planned with effective way. This level are achieved from the
partial collaboration of level 1 and further followed by process of complete
collaboration between the team and parties at various stages of the BIM such as
planning, design, execution etc. At this level, the model are regenerated as four
and five dimensional with data informatics. But still there is a lack in this level due
to sole source of data, any information or data must have to share about a built
asset to enumerate the successful process activity of BIM.
2.2.4 Level 3
This is high level of BIM process and the process flow is fully integrated with
all parties of project management. This level involves full integrity which means
the high level of collaboration takes place and induce the BIM as six dimensional
mode. At this level construction and planning are achieved as per the plan and
induce effective life cycle of built asset. This is the level where the construction
industry aimed for their whole life cycle management. This level generally termed
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as “Open BIM” which means the ultimate goal of the building and construction
industry with appropriate goal of successful operational and maintenance process
carried in complete life cycle project management of construction industry.
So these are the levels of Building Information Modelling. Each and every
level of BIM laid with data informatics and provide high level environment in
construction and building field.
2.3 Building Information Modelling Risks
BIM is a software tool used to help construction and building projects with several
aspects such as cost reduction, error free projects, speeding up the projects and
so on. Which has high range of potential to reduce mistakes and carefully
reviewed each and every information and share with teams (Korman T. M, 2001).
BIM software highly helps to reduce costs, construction time and claims with their
strong potential process flow.
In to that, any tool have its own risk which is not carefully shared or explained to
the to the team members. This section widely describes the risks associated with
BIM. The below section widely explain about the risks which involved in Building
Information Modelling (Korman T. M, 2003).
2.3.1 Communication
Communication is one of the effective tool which sort out all the information
efficiently to complete BIM team. If any miscommunication happened in BIM
process which highly impact the whole life cycle management because BIM not
only involved in single stage of process flow like designing or planning that
concentrate on end to process of life cycle project management. So the team
collaboration is needed for effective communication to avoid BIM risk through
communication (Leite, F et al, 2011). For example, an engineer or architects may
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built high level of building model with reduce material and cost, but if the
contractor are not involved or the communication are not passed to contracted
means the problem and claims will arise. So communication is one of the highly
prioritized risk in BIM.
2.3.2 Control
Project plan control is another important risk associated with BIM modelling.
Once the BIM planned and distributed to teams, the control activity only made by
the authorized person. It will leads to smooth process flow. If the BIM allowed
unauthorized parties to control the plan and induce subsequent changes means
BIM plan highly affected. So the risk of BIM control is higher at large construction
projects. The control authority are adequately selected by project team and
handle the situation apparently to avoid risks under control (Wang L, 2014).
2.3.3 Design Errors
The design error is one of the common error faced by the construction and
building industry. If the building construction have design issues, the building may
fail and leads to huge lost for the projects. High level of responsibility maintain in
construction design and planning leads to avoid BIM risk under design. The
design progress and plans are appropriately chosen and spread it to the team
members to avoid conflicts through revisions. Every revision of design plan must
be shared to the team to address the plan.
2.3.4 Construction Costs
The main objective of BIM implementation is cost reduction and save project
time. If there is no option to reduce costs through BIM there is no need of
implementation BIM in building and construction industry. So BIM reflect the high
accuracy data especially in project cost evaluation. But it will not consider the
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emerging real time marketing of day today life like metals, petroleum products,
political commodities like oil and other uncontrollable actions like natural disaster
and so on. So this scenario will induce the risk associated with cost under BIM
(Meadati, Pavan et al, 2010).
2.3.5 Avoiding Errors
The following points will helps to avoid or reduce risks or errors associated with
BIM in appropriate strategy (Tulke, Jan et al, 2010).
 Project leader (BIM Leader) must have to be technically strong with
modern technology.
 Need to provide sufficient freedom to the team members to communicate
their ideas freely.
 Responsibility assigned for each and every individual to know their roles
and functions
 Ensuring contractors and parties can use BIM function. Some fields and
contractors not able to build BIM.
 Use clear data or contracts which leads to error free and possibility to
know the hazards and liabilities.
2.4 How BIM Mitigate building and construction Risks?
This section briefly describe the mitigation of construction and building risks
via BIM. The BIM can implemented with appropriate BIM software like ArchiCAD,
Revit and so on. This assessment completely deals with Autodesk Revit to analysis
the building information modelling with building design project (Lecture. Palomar
Medical Center, 2010).
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2.4.1 Safety
Safety is one of the predominant activity concern in building and construction
field. Following appropriate safety precaution leads to effective process flow. BIM
highly helps with safety and precaution activity with appropriate standards. Nominally
BIM plan each and every task with high end process and neglecting the common
pain points which induce safety problems. BIM can provide virtual representation of
building so hazards factors are easily predicted and avoided earlier.
BIM provides safety evaluation and visual risk analysis using industrial standards.
Which provides guidelines and safety precaution rules and regulation to the
construction workers. Which leads to avoid the pre risks associated with safety (Atul,
S. 2015).
2.4.2 Negative Project Events
BIM process integrated with building management software and leads to
simplified access to the manager to estimate their time and cost of their jobs. The
negative projects events like improper handling of data associated with construction
leads to projects failure. This can be avoided by proper implementation of BIM
process. BIM provide more effective results when its shared with appropriate project
management (Bradley, G. 2010). Its leads to safe working environment for all
workers, engineers, designers, architect and so on.
2.4.3 Depth Analysis
BIM products like Autodesk Revit will provide high level of virtual environment
for 3D and 4D modelling. So this tool highly helps engineers and architects to pick
appropriate materials to the surroundings. The depth analysis of BIM can avoid
common risk involved in working environment.
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2.5 BIM – Multi Dimensional Function
The multi-dimensional function of Building Information Modelling provides
wide range of process flow in effective manner. There are various dimensional
function involves in this process which provide wide range of individuals and team in
clear flow process (Eastman, C. 2011).
Figure 4 BIM Dimensions
This section describes the multi dimensions of Building Information Modelling
with proper demonstration. The above figure 4 shows the multi-dimensional functions
of Building Information modelling. There are several function collaboratively formed
the BIM environment in effective manner (Graham, P. 2015). The following functions
are collaboratively form a project model with effective BIM environment.
 Client
 Construction Site
 Facility Manager
 Architect
 Consultant
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 Contractor
 Sub-contractor
2.5.1 Client
The Client is source of the all the projects, without client there is no projects at
all. So the client is the heart of the every business and they provide the opportunity
for business development. In BIM environment, client holds the complete power
through the entire projects. There are not only provide money for the resources they
provide the business development throughout the world. The client is one of the multi
dimension function of Building Information Modelling and provide sufficient support in
all the stages of the project management. The controlling activity are started from
this function and spread widely to other function based on the eligibility of individuals
in the projects. The significant importance of this function is heart of the BIM project
(Gomes, J. 2014).
2.5.2 Construction Site
The construction site is one of the multi-dimensional function in Building
Information Modelling sector. This function holds the geographical data and
information. The construction site is the base of the all the construction and building
projects. This is the environment provide to start and progress the real time
construction. So the important of this multi-dimensional function is huge in BIM
process. The data informatics of geographical location are mutually connected with
BIM tool to further processing for information. The known factor is BIM is virtual
environment to provide sophisticated models in all the level of building and
construction sites in real time manner.
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2.5.3 Facility Manager
The function of the multi dimension of facility manager seems simple but the
reality is without the facility manager the progress of work flow is zero. This function
provide the work flow activity in speedy way. The process of scheduling, planning
designing, operational and functional activity are allotted by facility managers in
organized structure. The facility managers holds the complete responsible for all the
quality control activity in clear and effective way. This function provide huge roles
and responsibility project management of all the building and construction process.
2.5.4 Architect
The architect or engineer is one of the most predominant multi-dimensional
function in project model of Building Information Modelling. This dimension provides
the engineering data with modelling skills in variety of design aspects. The architect
provide the wide range of skills in designing of the building. The architect is
responsible for the design and also provide sufficient structural strength of the
building. The important or need of this function is essential for all over the project
with nclusion of post project activities like operational and maintenance of building
and construction progress (Lamb, Eric et al, 2009).
2.5.5 Consultant
The consultant is a supporting resource of project life cycle management. The
important of this resource is huge in Building Information modelling. The project
model are widely cope up with this multidimensional function. This function provide
end to end support throughout the project with appropriate level of performance. The
performance of the work is calculated from the consultant in BIM process. This
function actively work for cost reduction process via several activities like supply of
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labours, implementing high end task in short period of time, sufficient energy usage
and so on.
2.5.6 Contractors and Sub-contractor
The contractors and the sub-contractors are one of the reason for effective
flow process in building and construction fields. The project owners are deals with
activities through contractors and sub-contractors in efficient way. The contractors
own various strategy to finish the work within the stipulated time (Meadati, Pavan et
al, 2010). This dimensional function of contractors and subcontractors provide huge
different in project control via several stages of project life cycle management such
as planning, designing, operational, functional and maintenance activities of the
process flow.
2.6 BIM-Based MEP
The design management of MEP (Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing)
systems is one of the manual process accompanied with the building construction
projects. This section describes the industrial uses of Building Information Modelling
with MEP packages, how MEP is important in construction fields and its integrated
impacts of BIM. The following MEP coordination approaches are highly integrated
with BIM such as,
 Regular Coordination
 Parallel Coordination
 Self-trade Coordination
 Remote Coordination
 Cloud based Coordination
The above mentioned coordination approaches are used for effective MEP
activity through Building Information Modelling.
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Figure 5 Factors involved in MEP Coordination Approaches
The above figure 5 clearly shows the factors affects the choice of several
MEP coordination approaches. The clash detection responsibility highly impacted in
MEP approach. The smooth process of BIM based MEP concern with clash
detection.
Figure 6 Average use of Frequency of MEP approach
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The figure 6 shows the average usage of frequency MEP approach which was
opted by building information modelling. Each approach holds their own advantages
and limitation which can applied based on the building requirement.
Figure 7 Suggestions to Progress Design Coordination Effectiveness
The MEP coordination approach can be effectively used based on the above
figure 7 suggestions to progress design coordination of MEP interrelated with BIM
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3. Critical Analysis and Discussion of BIM Model
3.1 Basic Data of our building
In this assessment, it is a university type of building location Leeds, West
Yorkshire, UK in a total area of building is about 5343 m2. The basement of the
building consists of various deep piles which was built by manually digging caissons
using triangular ring system, with entrenched about the depth of 8 to 14 meters
approximately. The caissons are usually connects with beams. In to that, there is
containment system holds conventional walls in 25cm thick concrete with the height
of 4 to 7 meters.
3.1.1 Annual Energy Use
The construction building annual energy use is considered according to the
marketable energy utilization index by Mechanical and Electrical Services
Department (Bedrick, Jim, 2011). For School or university type of building the annual
energy consumption per site (area) is about 1088.8MJ/m2/annum, converse to KWh
is 416.336kWh/m2/annum.
Therefor the energy consumption of the building per year is about 2,224,483 kWh
3.2 Building Information Modelling
This section shows the BIM model of building which was developed using
Autodesk Revit software. The below figure 7 shows the pictorial representation of
building of university model with appropriate structure.
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Figure 8 Pictorial representation of Model
So the above figure 8 clearly shows the pictorial representation of the building
model via BIM tool of Autodesk Revit. The complete project details are updated in
below section with appropriate representation
Figure 9 Project summary
The above figure 9 shows the project summary of the building the project
name is BIM-and-MEP-Building-2019 and the Address of the projects is Leeds, West
Yorkshire, UK. All other geographical data are updated in above table with
appropriate summary
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Figure 10 Building Summary
The above figure 10 shows the building summary of the model BIM-and-MEP-
Building-2019 from Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK. The atmospheric properties are
updated in the building summary with proper data.
Figure 11 Zone Summary
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The above figure 11 shows the zonal summary of the model BIM-and-MEP-
Building-2019 from Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.
3.3 Results and Discussion
The design was further modified to reduce the energy consumption and also
reduce the overall annual cost of this projects. The wall material are replaced as low
density material like PVC instead of concrete walls which was done partially. The
energy analysis was simulated and performed using Autodesk Revit and with
Autodesk Green Building Studio. The annual and monthly data are updated below.
3.3.1 Annual Data
Figure 12 Annual Data of total energy
Figure 13 Annual Data of electricity
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Figure 14 Annual Data of Fuel
3.3.2 Monthly Data
Figure 15 Monthly Data of total energy
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Figure 16 Monthly Data of electricity
Figure 17 Monthly Data of fuel
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The above figure 12-17 shows the annual and monthly data of total energy,
electricity and fuel with appropriate graphical plots. Which was enumerated from the
energy simulation modelling.
3.4 Results after Modifications
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Figure 18 Energy Analysis Results
The energy analysis are successfully performed with appropriate modification
of the design alternatives by defaults. The above figure 18 shows the energy
analysis results with the help of BIM tool of Autodesk Revit.
3.5 Energy Consumption
This section describe the energy consumption of end use for both the electric
and fuel (BIM and Project Planning, 2011). The savings are update in below table,
the cost is further reduced in alternate design from the initial design. It can further
modified and the cost reduction is possible due to the requirement.
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Figure 19 Energy Consumption
Electrical Energy
Initial Design 2224483 kWh
Alternate Design 1549770 kWh
Savings 43.50%
Figure 20 Energy savings due to alternate design
The above figure 20 shows the energy saved due to the alternate design with
appropriate modification. The comparison between total electrical energy of the
existing or initial design and alternative design is tabulated in above table. 43.5% of
energy is further reduced.
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4. Conclusion
The process flow of Building Information Modelling and the MEP packages
are widely investigated in this assessment. Initially the assessment was started from
brief introduction of BIM and which elaborately discussed. The main objective of this
assessment is to carry out the critical analysis of an existing structure from the
prospect of Building Information Modelling with structured use of MEP software
solutions. These critical analysis are carried with the help of power BIM tool
Autodesk Revit with appropriate background research. The energy simulation was
performed and the results was extracted successfully. This assessment delivered
following activities in detail manner with appropriate background research.
In chapter 2, the literature survey are carried out with complete background
research of levels of BIM, benefits of BIM, risks associated with BIM are widely
investigated and provide risk mitigation process. The chapter 2 is also describes the
multi-dimensional function of the BIM project models. Each and every dimensional
function clearly explained with appropriate background research. In chapter 3 critical
analysis of energy simulation are performed over the university building modelling
with the help of Autodesk Revit. The results are enumerated promptly with
appropriate pictorial representation.
Finally the whole life cycle approach are carried out with appropriate cost
reduction via energy saving strategy using BIM tool with alternate design
modification of building. The complete assessment effectively describe the Building
Information Modelling process with effective process flow.
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