BULLYING IN MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL Student Name Professor’s Name Affiliation Date
ABSTRACT Bullying is the process whereby students who feel to be stronger expose weaker students to bad treatments. Teachers and parents do not notice easily because in most cases bullying is done indirectly. The culture of bullying is very common among the middle school students and therefore, prevention methods should be put in place so that this problem can be well addressed. Prevention methods that can help teachers effectively address this culture in middle schools will also be discussed. This paper will address bullying as a problem among students in the middle school. It will further look into the attitude that students have towards bullying, causes of bullying, types, effects and even the characteristics of students who bully others. In bullying, we have bullies and victims in most cases but sometimes bystanders are also present and they all play different roles as it shall be discussed in the literature review.
LITERATURE REVIEW As mentioned above, for bullying to take place a bully and a victim must be present. A bully is a person who uses his/her powers or status to injure another person either verbally, physically or emotionally whereas a victim is a person being bullied. In some cases bystanders are also present and they are referred to those who witness the bullying activity but they have nothing to do about it because of threats. Bully Bullies in middle school have common characteristics according to various studies. Bullies injure others in different ways without thinking twice and according to Hase (2015), bullies displays the following common characteristics; they are impulsive, that is , they does things without considering the outcomes, they have a positive attitude towards violence, they feel they are the ones to dominate, they are aggressive and they also lack empathy. The perception of bullies by other students and how they judge them in middle school is also studied. Espelage and Asidao stated that, in terms of popularity among other students bullies are below average. Another researcher, Kessel (2015) indicated that, bullies can identify themselves with other bullies because they belong to the same group and even compete among themselves. Every bully would wish to be more popular than the other and they do so by being more aggressive. The popularity of a bully can also be determined by the type of bully a student is. In this case, there are clever and non-clever bullies and they possess different characteristics. Clever bullies are the most popular bullies and they are always confident, smart, social and other peers like them. Unlike non-clever bullies who are not highly ranked by their peers because they possess weird characteristics like being insecure, ant-social and angry (Hein 2015). According to Rose (2015), students who bully others in middle school are prone to other indiscipline issues, because they also go against the laws and regulations governing the school and this makes them to face disciplinary actions from time to time. They also disrespect teachers and this makes them to be suspected whenever a mistake arises. On the other hand, a study carried out by Selkie (2016) showed that, non-bullies were rarely found in disciplinary issues and therefore rarely punished.
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