Challenges of Information System Technology and Internet in Protecting Intellectual Property and Privacy

This article discusses the challenges faced by Cincinnati Zoo in protecting intellectual property and individual privacy due to contemporary information system technology and the internet. It explores the ethical, social, and political issues raised by information systems and the impact on the zoo's operations.

BUSINESS ANALYTICS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
Business Analytics and its importance in today’s business environment....................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................2
A model for Cincinnati zoo to gain competitive advantage........................................................2
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................3
COMPARE AND CONTRAST DIIFERENT BUSINESS ANALYTIC IN THE CASE
STUDY........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................5
Ethical, social and political issue is raised by information system..............................................5
TASK 5............................................................................................................................................6
The challenges of contemporary information system technology and internet pose to the
protection of intellectual property and individual privacy for Cincinnati zoo............................6
Task 6...............................................................................................................................................7
Components of protection and security of data...........................................................................7
Task 7...............................................................................................................................................9
Sampling methods.......................................................................................................................9
Task 8.............................................................................................................................................10
Good visualization techniques...................................................................................................10
TASK 9..........................................................................................................................................10
Analysis of two proper visualisation for Cincinnati Zoo that were used to explore the data....10
TASK 10........................................................................................................................................11
Four V’s of Big Data and their importance in case study..........................................................11
TASK 11........................................................................................................................................13
Two appropriate tools in handling Big Data and ways in which Cincinnati Zoo could use these
to handle challenges in Big Data...............................................................................................13
TASK 12........................................................................................................................................13
Construction of solution for Cincinnati Zoo to handle the current situation of the COVID-19
using Big Data...........................................................................................................................13

TASK 13........................................................................................................................................14
Presentation................................................................................................................................14
REREFENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
The Cincinnati zoo and botanical garden is located in the Cincinnati, Ohio. It is the second
oldest zoo in the United States. In the challenging economic conditions Cincinnati zoo wanted to
decrease its unnecessary cost by enhancing visitor’s attendance and revenues from various
sources such as attendance fess, food, retail outlet, membership. This report will include details
of business analytics and a model of Cincinnati zoo to can competitive zoo. This report will also
highlight issue and challenges of ethical, social and political are raised by information system
and many challenges. This report also includes the good visualization technique to understand
the data and also the appropriate tools to handle big data of Cincinnati zoo.
TASK 1
Business Analytics and its importance in today’s business environment
Business analytics can be defined as a process with the help of which business data can be
collected, processed, sorted and is analysed. In today’s business environment is one of the most
important things which is required to be focused upon by the organizations. it helps business
organization to transform their data into business insight so that they can use the collected data to
resolve their current existing problem in order to increase their revenue, efficiency and
productivity. Due to increasing advancement in technology it has become important for business
to adopt proper business Analytics tools and techniques (Laursen and Thorlund, 2016). Business
intelligence is a sub-set of business Analytics, it is generally implemented within organizations
so that they can identify their actionable data in order to identify or recognize pattern so that they
can focus upon developing an appropriate strategy for achievement of desired goals, outcome
and objectives of the business. Many times, business analytics is also based by the companies for
prediction of future events so that they can take recommended steps to increase their customer
base and increase overall profitability. Business analytics in organizational context can also be
defined as the way in which organization explore their data using statistical analysis in order to
gain competitive advantage, Business Analytics is one of the most commonly used tools which is
bused by organization for gaining competitive advantage. Within organizations their three major
types of data analytics used: first is descriptive analytics which is majorly used to track KPI in
order to understand and present status of the business. Second is predictive Analysis is used by
organizations in order to access the likelihood of future events to occur and last is perspective
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analysis which is used by organizations to analyse their past performance in order to generate
recommendations about the way in which similar situation in future can be handled.
TASK 2
A model for Cincinnati zoo to gain competitive advantage
Analysis of porter's five force model
It is a strategies management toll to identify how the five competitive forces affect
profitability and create a strategy for increasing competitive advantage and high profitability.
The porter five forces are
Competition in the organization
The first of the porter five forces mentions the number of competitor and also the competitor’s
ability to undercut Cincinnati zoo's organization. The number of huge competitors along with the
larger number of similar product or services they provide, it can reduced the power of
organization (Hofmann and Klinkenberg., 2016). If the Cincinnati zoo is able to provide better
services with lower price then it reduces competition. When competitive rivalry is low then the
organization has high power to charge high prices and also implement the deals terms to achieve
higher revenue.
Threat of new entrants
The Cincinnati zoo has to face to much direct and indirect competition in the United
States, there are more than one hundred and fifty zoos. That can provide the exits environment
and facility for customer conveyance and wild animals. The Cincinnati zoo has several indirect
competitors such as theme park, Adventure Park, safaris. These indirect competitors can serve
great and personal experience for customer or visitors as they offer a more existing, interacting
and value for money experiences. It affects the profitability and market position of the Cincinnati
zoo.
Threat from substitute’s product or services
This factor of porter five forces also majorly affects the threat from substitute’s product
market. During the recession the customer and visitor looks for the substitutes of expensive zoo
and entrainment factor (Laursen and Thorlund., 2016). many substitutes of zoo are exist in the
united kingdom such as entrainment park, theme park, artificial zoo, rollercoaster park etc. and
also they provide exact facilities and services as Cincinnati zoo. While these substitutes may be
adopted by customer and they will have option to forgo receiving services or buying a zoo's
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product.
Bargaining powers of supplier
This factor helps to identify that how supply can easily drive up the cost of material. The
availability of substitute’s supplier and the concretion factor of supplier are main factor in
recognizing supplier power. the Cincinnati zoo are better position when they have a multiple
supplier for supplying the essential food item for outlet and also the food item and services for
animal.
Bargaining power of buyers
The customer or visitor plays a most important role in the Cincinnati zoo. Customers have a
huge impact to influence an organization volume or margin. The availability of existing
substitutes of zoo also enhances the customer power. for gaining competitive advantages for
Cincinnati zoo they should have to concern about many factor such as entry fees, bargaining
leverage, number of visitors etc. if the organization has more powerful and smaller customer
base then it means that customer has high power to negotiate for better deal and lower price but
in case if the Cincinnati zoo has many, independent visitors than they can charge higher prices
for facilities to increase the profitability.
TASK 3
COMPARE AND CONTRAST DIIFERENT BUSINESS ANALYTIC IN THE CASE STUDY
The business analytic scenario has three types predictive, descriptive and prescriptive.
Predictive analytic is the main part of the advanced analytics which is used by the organization to
make predictions regarding the in-known and un-certain future events. This analytics adopts
much technique such as strategic, machine learning, artificial intelligence, modeling and date
mining to analysis current information or data to make prediction regarding un-known future.
Descriptive analytic is the evaluation of historic data to understand alterations and changes that
have emerged in a business of organization (Vidgen,Shaw and Grant., 2017). Descriptive
analytic denies the use of variety of historic data to analysis comparison.
Prescriptive analytic majorly focuses on identifying the best course of the action in
scenario. This analytic related to both predictive analytic and descriptive analytic. But the
prescriptive analytic focuses on emphasizes actionable insides rather than data monitoring. It is a
major and final step of business analytic. In the Cincinnati zoo case study we found to business
analytic scenarios such as predictive and descriptive.
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As per the case study, the predictive business analytic scenario in the situation where zoo
has complied a spreadsheet that combine customer's, zip codes and also use the data for
demographic data and geographic analysis. the Cincinnati zoo the management team of also
wants to develop a new system to combined the data such as what attractions customers visited,
what visitors drank and ate and what visitors bought at a gift shop. All this current information
and data used to make prediction regarding future. As per the case study the, descriptive business
analytic scenario is - when the zoo uses historic data to identified and control the changes
occurred in business. Zoo’s business this highly depend on whether situation on rainy days, the
number of visitors reduces. That will occurs zoo over stocked and over staff (Appelbaum and
et.al., 2017). if the weather is hot then in that time the sales of certain item like water boatel an
dice-cream are rises and the zoo out of stocked. In that situation the management team for
Cincinnati zoo can take effective action such as comparing current forecast past attendance and
sales data during a same whether condition. By this Zoo is able to create more correct decisions
regarding inventory planning and labor scheduling.
Predictive analytics are used by Zoo to determine visitor’s purchases or responses about the
Zoo food, facility, attendance and attractions. This business analytic helps the business of Zoo by
attracting, growing and retuning their most profitable customers and it also improves the
operational activates of Zoo. ; Productive model use by Cincinnati zoo to mange resources at the
door outlet and forecast inventory by analyzing current situation. The Cincinnati zoo uses
descriptive analytic to create a summary of their historical data about the over stock and over
staff in rainy season and also the out of stock situation in hot weather. With the use soft
descriptive analytic the zoo identifies all the historical data so that they can use this for their
current and future analysis.
with the use of predictive analytic and identified the current situation of visitors, the Zoo
required to change its information system to more focused on data management and analytic and
also replaced its Getaway ticketing system to Galaxy POS and by using the descriptive analytic
the Zoo can identify the need of data forecasting websites such as US national oceanic and
atmospheric administration (nova) in its business indigence system.
TASK 4
Ethical, social and political issue is raised by information system
There are various ethical, social and political issues in information system that can directly
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or indirectly affects the operation of Cincinnati zoo. The main political, ethical and social issue
are raised by information system such information, obligations and right, property obligation and
rights, system quality, accountability and control and also quality of life. Information system
plays crucial role in the organization to control, planning, decision making, and coordination in
an organizing (Shmueli and et.al., 2017). It also assists to enhance revenue of the Zoo.
Ethical issue
Information system has major ethical concern and made some regulation and laws
severally crippled. The emerging technology trends increase the dependency organization on
computer system for all critical or complex operations. Data storage cost quickly decline and it
may create the impact that organization can simply maintain detailed database on individual.
Advance data analysis trend impact on the organization that they analysis large quantity of
collected data on individual to create detailed profile of individual behavior. Networking
advance trend of technology raised man ethical issue because with this copying the data or
information from one location to another are become very easy. It also encourage toward
accessing the personal data from remote location.
Social issue
Many social issues are also developed but information system. technology such s
electricity, radio, steam, telephone all these information technology can be used by organization
to achieve social progress but sometime this technologies used to commit crime and reduce
social value. Contemporary information system challenges current social practices and law to
protect personal intellectual properly. Information system has made it complex to protect
intellectual property because soft copy or computerized data can be easily copied and sprayed on
networks.
Political issue
The major property related political issue includes the creation of new property paper by
the software, digital informational and digital books. Technology also created several
opportunities for committing political crime (Chiang and et.al., 2018). It includes develop new
valuable thinks to steel, unique watt to steal them and also to harm others. It develops the illegal
acts.
For example in the Cincinnati zoo the social issue the technology system social issue related to
intellectual property. The other ethical issue developed by the information system in Cincinnati
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zoo is huge dependency on information technology.
TASK 5
The challenges of contemporary information system technology and internet pose to the
protection of intellectual property and individual privacy for Cincinnati zoo
The internet introduces the effective technology that poses challenges to the protection of
individual or personal privacy that the complete principal FIB has been in-adequate monitoring.
Fair information practices are a communication of best principles emerging the collection and
use of information regarding individual. Fair information practices (FIB), principle are based on
the concept of mutuality of interest between the individual and the record holder. It plays a major
role in the Cincinnati zoo by protecting individual privacy. this system include the process that
information or data sent over this huge network of net worth may spread by various different
computer system before data reaches its last or final distinction. This system very useful in
Cincinnati zoo because it is capable of capturing, story and monitoring, communications or
information that passes through it. This system assists the Cincinnati zoo by maintaining all the
information or data visitors and also their whole activities in the Zoo areas.
Contemporary information system technology involving internal technologies, challenges,
current regimens for protecting intellectual property and individual privacy in the Zoo (Sun,
Strang and Firmin, S., 2017). Data analysis and data storage technology enables Cincinnati zoo
to easily collect individual data about visitors from various different sources and also identified
these data to generate detailed or complete electronic profile about the person and their
behaviors. With this, data spreading on the internet can be controlled and monitored at various
several points.
Intellectual property includes variety of protection under different traditions such as copy
right, trade secret and patent. This entire factor provides a great assistance to the Cincinnati zoo
about their intellectual property (Aydiner and et.al., 2019). Legislation, technology tools,
informed consent and industry self regulation assist protect the internet user's individual privacy.
Task 6
Components of protection and security of data
Data breaches can occur many serious consequences for Cincinnati Zoo such as reputation
damages, financial losses, legal repercussions and also operational disputes. It can occur huge
losses of reputation of business and sometime it not complete quantifiable. There are many
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components and elements of an organization framework for control and security that Cincinnati
Zoo should have to be establishing to protect the reputation of the company from data security
breaches.
Ensuring accountability of data security
An organization needs to make sure that the whole management team, information
system management staff is aware of their duties and responsibilities regarding the safety of data.
Staffs should have to aware of how to manage and handle various types of data such as
confidential data, general data, internal data, outside data etc (Krishnamoorthi and Mathew.,
2018).
Managing patches
Establishing code to discard vulnerabilities in the organization can assist to protect
against data security breaches.
Scanning for vulnerabilities
In the organization, it is important to find any vulnerability before person who hackers
do. In vulnerabilities hackers will scan all data they are discovered and company will cheek
regularly is own network regularly.
Policies that govern network services
In data security policies, organization should handle many issue regarding management
and remote access. It is the detection of network in policies is to determine in the organization
and it is also include that many components such as switchers and routers.
System data security policies
All important operating system and servers is an essential piece of system data security
policies. Organization’s that servers run on the management of password and account or
company network must be properly determined.
Account monitoring and control
It is essential component of a data security policy. In the organization, this situation
occurs when an employee has been laid off or fired but is account not been terminated. If the
staff is disgruntled, the skill to grab access the assets of organization can be measurably
damaging (Fosso Wamba and et.al., 2017. Zoo should have to implement security policy to
control and monitored user account carefully, which would useful to preventing this illegal
activity.
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Monitoring compliance
The arrangement of audit in the organization is a best way to ensure that the management
and employees of Cincinnati Zoo are complying with the many components of data security
policy. Organization should have to conduct this audit on a regular basis.
Acceptable use
In the organization, staffs should be provided with the confirm description of what
includes in ‘acceptable use’ (Griva and et.al., 2018). It is a best idea so that organization can
develop disciplinary action.
There are main essential categories in which security policy must include like identity and access
management, data and network segmentation and more. It must also address the company’s
entire security posture and also monitoring all the activity related to security of data and
information. Once the security policy instituted and established within organization, it should be
reviewed and checked at least twice a year and update with the necessary up gradations.
Task 7
Sampling methods
Sampling is a great method that allows investigators or researchers to gather information or
data about a population on the basis of outcomes from a small part of population without having
to research on every individual (Sun, Sun and Strang., 2018). The best sampling method helps
the Cincinnati Zoo by reducing number of individual in a study and also it reduces workload and
cost. It is a best practice to generate high quality information of the Cincinnati Zoo’s visitors in a
very easier way.
Cincinnati Zoo uses various sampling methods such as
Simple random method
In this method, each individual is selected by chance or randomly. In this method, the all
visitors of the population have an equal probability or chance of being chosen. Cincinnati Zoo
can use simple random method by giving each visitor a number and then opt a random number’
table to decide which visitor to include (Hadlock and Woolford., 2019). For example, if
Cincinnati Zoo has a sampling frame of 500 visitors, labeled 0 to 499, use three digits groups
from table of random number to pick the sample. So, if the starting 3 numbers from the Table of
random number were 048 then choose the visitor labeled ‘48’ and so on.
Convenience sampling
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It is the easiest and simplest method of sampling. In this method, the visitors of Cincinnati Zoo
are selected on the basis of willingness and availability.
Stratified sampling
In the stratified sampling method, the population of visitors divided into strata or sub-
groups who all share same characteristic. In this model, it is also accurate to select non equal
sample sizes from subgroups. It improves the representativeness and accuracy of results by
decreasing sampling bias.
Clustered sampling
In this method, subgroup of the visitors is not treated as an individual but is used as the
sampling unit. The visitors are divided into sub-groups such as clusters which are selected by
chance and to be involved in the study (Wang and Byrd., 2017). Clustered sampling is more
efficient and generates better results in the study of a wide geographical region.
Task 8
Good visualization techniques
Visualization is a technique for creating diagrams, animations, image or pictures to
communicate a message. Visualization by an effective visual image has been great way to
communicate concrete as well as abstract ideas or thoughts since the beginning of humanity. A
good visualization technique plays a major role in the organization. A person with a good
visualization technique can create an effective picture of their goals and expect results. It also
assists to design a visual image and an affirmation for all objectives. Effective visualization
assists the organizations to focus on what they want. Focus is most important to achieve any goal
and objective for the Cincinnati Zoo (Hindle and Vidgen., 2018).
An ineffective and misleading visualization can hinder opportunities for Cincinnati Zoo to
enhance revenue in various ways
Similar issues such as missed data, data duplication, not applicable value not marked etc can
generate a bad visualization. The mistakes and errors made in the visualization such as lack of
unnecessary data or information can create an ineffective and misleading visualization and these
can divert the organization from their goals and objectives and also reduce their opportunities.
Perfect visualization at the perfect time is most necessary because it helps the Cincinnati Zoo to
adopt available opportunities in an exact time. This selection of use of flashy data rather than
correct data visualization is a major problem. Misleading and Ineffective visualization distract
9

the organization from their productive performance and also misguide them. Ineffective
visualization also reduces the performance ability of staffs and also shows them a wrong path
(Bichler, Heinzl and van der Aalst., 2017). So that the Cincinnati Zoo can’t reach up to their
goals with the misleading and ineffective visualization.
TASK 9
Analysis of two proper visualisation for Cincinnati Zoo that were used to explore the data
Visualization can be defined as a technique that helps in creating diagrams, images or
animations for communication of a message. With the help of visualization organizations can
create a visual image with the help of which they can communicate ideas or abstract in a proper
manner. With the help of data visualization organizations can represent their data graphically so
that they can analyse their data. There are various kinds of ways tools, technologies and methods
with the help of which data visualization of organization data can be done. Data visualization is
one of the most important technique which is majorly focused upon by organizations in order to
understand trends, patterns and outliners within their data. Cincinnati Zoo used visualization
technique for to gain knowledge of what happen within the zoo on daily basis and different types
or categories of customers who visit the zoo. There were two major visualization techniques that
were used by Cincinnati Zoo for visualization for their data.
First technique was that they complied spreadsheets that collected visitor’s Zip codes so
that they can visualize geographic and demographic data and get an insight of types of customers
who visited the zoo. It was one of the most valuable information or data for them which helped
them (Alharthi and Gutub, 2017). This insight was also important for them for analysis of their
customers and things upon which customers majorly spend their money so that they can use this
information for marketing. However, for this data zoo changed the information system that was
used by them with Galaxy POS from Gateway Ticketing Systems so that they can visualize and
analyse their data in a much better manner. This tool helped them to graphically study their data
and understand their customer segmentation accordingly. They also scanned membership card of
their visitors in order to identify and collect their spending pattern. Second technique used by
them was that they implemented weather forecast NOAA website within their BI system. so that
they can visualize their previous visitors’ attendance and sales as per the whether condition so
that they can make more accurate and appropriate decisions and can- do staff scheduling and
10

inventory planning accordingly. Implementation of weather forecast into their BI system helped
them to graphically analyse their customer data and sales according to the whether condition
which will support their decision making and future planning in a proper manner.
TASK 10
Four V’s of Big Data and their importance in case study
Big data is a phrase which is used for massive or large amount of data (both structured and
unstructured). There are various kinds of tools and software’s that are majorly designed for
processing, analysing large data sets in a proper and effective manner. There are four major V’s
of Big data that helps in explaining characteristics of Big data. Four V’s of Big data are: volume,
variety, veracity and velocity. All the four characteristics of big data are important for Cincinnati
zoo in its own ways:
Volume: One of the main and major characteristics of big data is Volume. Volume of data is
basically referred to overall size of the data set which is required to be processed and analysed. It
is important for organizations to focus upon all the information in a proper manner because today
this is majorly because large volume of information today is growing exponentially year by year.
Large volume of data requires distinct and different techniques and technologies that can be used
for storing large volume of data and process capabilities (Kitchin and McArdle, 2016). Large
volume of big data stored within organizations extremely difficult to process from regular
laptops or regular devices. Organizations need to implement advance data sorting system that can
be used by them generating, string and analysing large amount of data which is being collected
by them. It is important for Cincinnati Zoo to focus upon adopting appropriate technology for
storage and analysis of large volume of customer data and their spending data, sales data and
many more in an appropriate manner.
Variety: Another characteristic of big data is variety i.e. data stored within organization comes
from variety of sources and is available in three types: structured, semi- structured and
unstructured. Cincinnati Zoo also need to focus on variety of sources for where they will collect
big data so that it can be stored and analysed in a proper manner. Major sources from where
Cincinnati Zoo has collected data are weather forecasting websites, spreadsheet consisting of
visitor’s zip code, local data from their internal system that consist of data of animals and plants,
scanning of membership card and many more.
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Veracity: it is another characteristic of big data that focuses more upon trustworthiness of the
data. High veracity of data consists of many valuable information so that a meaningful result can
be identified. Cincinnati Zoo need to analyse trustworthiness of their data which is collected by
them as whether data collected by then is trustworthy source, membership card is also
trustworthy so this will help in increasing value of analysis done by them.
Velocity: it is another characteristic of big data which refers to speed of data generation. It
requires high processing speed technique so that data can be stored and processed in a speedy
manner. It is another important aspect for Cincinnati Zoo i.e. they need to adopt a technology
with the help of which they can store and process data in a speedy manner.
TASK 11
Two appropriate tools in handling Big Data and ways in which Cincinnati Zoo could use these to
handle challenges in Big Data.
There are various kinds of tools that can be used for handing big data. Each and every
tool has their own advantages that helps the organizations in overcoming challenges associated
with big data. Out of many big data handing tool there are two most effective big data tools that
could be used by Cincinnati Zoo for handing challenges in Big Data. First is Hadoop and second
is MongoDB.
Hadoop: Apache Hadoop is one of the most commonly used big data tool that can be used by
Cincinnati Zoo for handing of big data. This tool helps in processing big data tool with the help
of MapReduce programming model (Ray and Saeed, 2018). It is one of the recommended tools
for Cincinnati Zoo that could have been used by them because it is an open- source tool which
also provides cross-platform support. It can help Cincinnati Zoo to handle all kind of data as it is
one of their main strengths to handle like video, images, JSON, XML, and plain text within same
system. it can also help them to provide access to any kind of data quite quickly.
MongoDB: Another most commonly used tool for handing big data is MongoDB. It is another
open source tool that can be used by Cincinnati Zoo as it is an open source tool that supports
multiple operating system. it is one of the most appropriate big data handing tools which is used
by some big organizations like Facebook, Google and many more. Some of the main advantages
of this tool are: first it is easy to earn and implement within an organization. It provides support
for various kinds of technologies and platforms. There are least number of issues or problems
12

that can be faced by organization within its installations and maintenance. It is a reliable tool
with lower cost.
Out of both the tools Hadoop is one of the big data handing tools that could have been
used by Cincinnati Zoo for overcoming all the challenges associated with big data in an effective
manner.
TASK 12
Construction of solution for Cincinnati Zoo to handle the current situation of the COVID-19
using Big Data
Current Covid-19 situation has drastically impacted almost all the organizations in
different sectors. Consequences of Covid-19 are not supportive or positive for organization. It
has impacted business of organizations many ways. Similarly, overall business of Cincinnati Zoo
has also impacted because of this current situation in order to overcome impact of Covid-19
situation upon business big data can be used as a solution to handle the current situation of
Covid-19. Big data is one of the most effective solution that can be used by the zoo to handle the
current situation and forecast and understand impact of coronavirus situation. Cincinnati Zoo can
use big data tools for analysis of their current data, track probability of visitors to visit zoo in this
situation, social distancing norms that are mandatory to be implied within the organization and
many more (Akter and Wamba, 2019). It can also be used for identifying future opportunities by
making use of current situation data using big data tool. Some of the ways though which big data
can help Cincinnati zoo to find effective solution to handle current situation are as follows: First
is risk assessment and forecasting using artificial intelligence. It has become an extremely
important to use big data for risk assessment and forecasting. With the help of risk assessment,
they can identify the level of risk Zoo will be increasing if they still continue to open the zoo and
make their employees work. Analysis of this data using big data tool will also help them in
taking major decisions so that they can handle this situation in a proper manner. This will help
them to evaluate total number of employees who can work in this situation by maintaining all the
social norms. This will also help them to take safety decisions to tackle this situation so that risk
associated with Coronavirus can be reduced or minimized. Big data can also be used by the Zoo
to understand number of visitors who visit zoo in the current situation. Analysis of this data will
help them to identify visiting trends of the customers, so that they can taken effective decisions
and adopt all the required safety measures accordingly. Big data also provides a platform to Zoo
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where they can focus upon storing all the data of their employees as well as of their customers.
So that they can provide a platform to their employees so that they can work from wherever they
are and focus on maintaining and updating the new information technology system that has
recently been implemented by them.
TASK 13
Presentation
Performance measurement vs Performance Management
 Performance management can be defined as a kind of process which is used by organizations
for setting their goals and checking overall progress of achieving these goals in regular basis.
In order to increase overall performance of an organization in order to achieve their desired
goals and objectives.
 Whereas, performance measurement is a kind of process which helps an organization to
monitor important aspects of its systems, programs and processes. Performance measurement
includes operational processes which is used to collect necessary data for performance
measure.
 Performance management helps in reflecting approach that one entity has towards
performance like strategy definition, strategy execution, performance measurement and
training.
 Performance measurement focuses upon identification, tracking and communication of
performance by using performance indicators.
Introduction of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the employees of Cincinnati Zoo
 Key performance indicator can be defined as a kind of quantifiable measure which is majorly
used for evaluation of success of an organization, employees and many more in meeting
objectives for performance.
 Key performance indicator for employees helps in making sure that they get maximum out of
important investment.
 Some of the main KPI’s for the employees of Cincinnati Zoo are as follows:
 Customer retention rate of the Zoo is one of the main KPI indicator for the employees
 Number of employees working for the Cincinnati Zoo is another KIP for the employees.
 Customer satisfaction survey also helps the employees of the Zoo to identify the level of
satisfaction of visitors who visit the zoo.
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 Employee retention or turnover rate of the organization is another KIO for employees of
the Zoo.
Characteristics of KPIs
Some of the main characteristics of KPI are as follows:
 KPI should be simple, straightforward and easy to understand as well as measure that helps
in taking effective decisions not raise questions.
 KPI should be relevant and specific to the team members of the organization so that any kind
of cross- sales opportunities can be identified.
 KPI should be aligned with overall goal of an organization and can be easily linked to
strategic goals of an organization
 KPI should be easy enough to be measured so that its effective for bringing improvement
within the organization can be measured.
Effectiveness of KPIs
 KPI’s are effective if they are linked with overall strategy of the organization and helps
business to achieve success.
 An effective KPI helps in answering all the questions easily and also helps in marrow
downing overall focus of the organization.
 An effective KPI also helps an organization in identifying data or resources that are required
by the organization.
 It can also be used for evaluation of existing data in a proper and appropriate manner.
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REREFENCES
Books and Journals
Akter, S. and Wamba, S.F., 2019. Big data and disaster management: a systematic review and
agenda for future research. Annals of Operations Research. 283(1-2). pp.939-959.
Alharthi, N. and Gutub, A., 2017. Data visualization to explore improving decision-making
within Hajj services. Scientific Modelling and Research. 2(1). pp.9-18.
Appelbaum and et.al., 2017. Impact of business analytics and enterprise systems on managerial
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