Business Environment and Models

This assignment delves into the concept of a business environment, encompassing various factors such as political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental (PESTLE) influences on businesses. It also touches upon SWOT analysis, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that companies face. Additionally, it explores business model innovation, including the theoretical underpinnings by Drucker and practical applications through case studies of companies like Primark and JDA Software Group.

Business
and
business
environment

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
............................................................................................................................................................
1
P1 Analysing NHS and Primark by various factors.................................................................1
P2 Size and Scope of Operations..............................................................................................4
P3 Relationship between functions with various objectives and structures of organisation...7
D1 Critical Analysis of complexities of different business structures.....................................8
P4:Some positive and negative impacts of macro environment with suitable examples. .......1
P5:Conducting external and internal analysis to identify strength and weaknesses................4
P6:The strengths and weaknesses related to external factor....................................................7
Conclusion
............................................................................................................................................................
8
REFERENCES
............................................................................................................................................................
10

INTRODUCTION
Business environment can be considered as a combination of all the internal and external
factors which effects the various functions of an organisation including employees, management
etc. The factors can be social, economical, technological, legal or any other that is somehow
affecting the organisation. The importance of the business environment plays a huge role in
providing particular and specific direction for growth and in continuous learning as well.
Economic objectives says business is actually an economic activity and it only focuses on
making profits, more and more customers and innovations. Social objectives that it doesn't
matter if one has to come across some failure (Sørensen, 2012). As Henry Ford had said
“Failure is the opportunity to begin again more intelligently” . The report is about about various
types, size and scope of organisations.
P1 Analysing NHS and Primark by various factors
National Health Service (NHS)
National Health Service (NHS) acts an organisation that is being publicly funded. It
comes under as an oldest and the largest organisation. Describing some of the background
features of the organisation as under :
Legal Status
The Health and Social Care Act 2012 established many procedures for redesigning the
procedures of information standards. It standardised a new legal status with the secretary of state
and health for NHS. It brought a new governance framework. The introduced features also
included more secure, digital information services to act upon.
Established Year
The public health organisation was originated in October 2011 as an outstanding health
authority.
Product/Services Offered
As NHS deals with health services, there are some very essential services that it has for
its customers. The organisation is dealing with many services such as eye care, sexual health,

mental health services and many more. Some other very effective services for any urgency or in
case of any confusion are also there. Describing below some : Call NHS 111 : If a person requires help immediately because of any reason and it is not
necessary that it must be a life threatening one only, they can contact on NHS 111 and
ask for what service they may need and it will be available to them. Call 999 : It covers any situation that may be risky or dangerous to someone's health.
Someone seriously ill or injured also is entertained in this service. Visiting a Walk-in centre : If someone has minor injuries, they can visit these centres for
immediate treatment. Asking local Pharmacist : Whether someone is suffering from any type of illness, urgent
or normal, they can ask local pharmacist and can get treated by them for the small issues
as well (Sørensen, 2012).
 Having an appointment with GP : If there is no urgency but few symptoms of not feeling
well, one can take an appointment before also.
Purpose and Nature of the business
NHS is dealing with a set of functions which constitutes the main purpose of the
organisation. Discussing some functions below : Improving patient experience – It is the main focus of the NHS to make the experience of
the patients better. Often in many organisations, there are cleanliness problems, the way
they have been treated and many more. So, NHS gives priority to these factors the most.
The staff is polite with the patients. As well as there is proper cleanliness in the
organisation. It makes the patients experience better from the other ones.
 Technology, systems and data - NHS is using digital technology in every unit of their. It
is being used there they cannot cooperate with a person's life. They don't want any errors
to come in the test reports as well as in any of their treatment (Klapper, Lewin and
Delgado, 2011). Still they are also searching for adding more technological features to
their systems.

Aim and Objectives
NHS focuses on giving more efficient and better features to their customers. Its Objectives are :
 To give better services to the customers.
 To focus more on serving people, rather than making money. To develop more technological features.
Primark
Primark acts as a subsidiary of AB Foods. With that it deals with clothing, cosmetics and
housewares as well. It also serves many areas of UK. Describing some of the background
features below :
Legal Status
The legal status of Primark got affected when a supplier was being forced by ETI to remove its
branding from Primark stores and websites. According to the covered news, illegal migrant
labour came as the reason. It also included that the employees were paying less than the
minimum legal wage of UK.
Established Year
A very first large store was established in Belfast City Centre in year 1971. International
headquarters were opened in 2015 in Dublin (Sørensen, 2012).
Product/Services Offered
Primark deals with clothing, cosmetics and housewares. The official website provides all
type of essentials for men, women, kids etc. with the home products also. Beauty products have
also been presented in the website. It also gives the customers the freedom to return or exchange
any product if one wants to. Among many famous retailers like Zara and H&M, Primark
involves in the contemporary fast fashion trend.
Purpose and Nature of the business
The main purpose of the organisation is to serve the customers in a way that they don't
want to refer any other organisation for their basic needs. After that, they focus on making their

business a profitable and sustainable one. It always seeks for various opportunities that can led
their business to a faster growth rate.
Aim and Objectives
The aims and objectives of Primark are discussed as under. They want :
 To continuous the policy of selling the quality products at cheap rates (Klapper, Lewin
and Delgado, 2011).
 To ensure the customers also that if they are selling good products at cheaper rates, that
does not mean they are using a cheap quality. They just want the satisfaction of
customers.
P2 Size and Scope of Operations
NHS Size -
The size of an organisation includes all the employees, annual turnover, market shares
etc. Each of the feature defined below :
Number of employees
Every organisation is like a family. As a family has its members, an organisation also has
its. NHS is a family of 1,400,000 members. It stands as the fifth biggest employer in the world.
Gross Annual Turnover
It is quite difficult to have the exact turnover rate. There are some features which are
indirectly or directly related to the employee turnover. It may be excessive workload, less
motivation, appropriate work pressures etc. Turnover rates have been slightly increasing from the
time. In November 2012, the minimum rate was of 0.6 % and the maximum was 1.7 %. From
that time, rates are appearing to be slightly rising.
Market share
They also play an important role in the overall statistics of the company. NHS have
made a pricing strategy. Whenever, the situation changes, it changes its strategies too like they
can sell it cheap or at more higher rates.

Share holders
These include the suppliers, customers, governments of where the stores are located,
trade unions etc. Shareholders are those people who have their share in any form in the particular
company. They also take part in all the organisational activities equally as the other employees
do. Their focus is always on increasing their shares by decreasing the other one's.
NHS Scope -
National and International Scope
It was first establish in Belfast City Centre, then in 2015, made their international
headquarters in Dublin.
Extent of their profit
As the organisation has increased their services and products, developed many new
technological features, obviously more people are attracted to it. It resulted in improving the
overall benefit of the organisation (Klapper, Lewin and Delgado, 2011).
Varieties of Products/Services
It deals with various services and products which helps the patient in many ways. They
have even services for someone in urgency also. If someone is not feeling good and wants to take
an appointment later, they provide these facilities also. If someone is not sure of which service to
attain, they help the patients in getting that information too.
PRIMARK
Size
Number of employees
As compared before it with H&M, it consists of 68,000 members whereas H&M is a
family of 148,000 members. Primark is a quite small family but they have been successful in
winning people's heart by selling highest quality products at cheaper rates.
Gross Annual Turnover
The annual turnover has reduced as the organisation has increased amount of revenues
from 2007 till now. In 2007, the revenue in GBP was 1,602 and it started increasing every year.

The last data found of 2016, in which it was increased till 5,949. It is a big achievement for the
company (Chow And et.al, 2011).
Market share
According to the statistics, the market shares of the company has risen but there are
some factors that have affected their sales in Germany and Netherlands. On Jan 7, the sales of
the company were 11 percent higher when compared to the previous data. It is putting a huge
amount of pressure on the competitors like Sweden's Hennes and Mauritz.
Stake Holders
These are those people who have directly or indirectly their stake in the company.
Shareholders of Primark includes their suppliers, customers, governments where the stores are
located, trade unions, employees and communities. Every holder has their own particular rights
in the company.
Scope
National and International Scope
The retailer has increased growth at a very fast rate from several years (Carroll and
Shabana, 2010). When it was established, very few people were aware of it but now most of the
population in UK shops from Primark as it provides best quality products at very cheap rates.
Extent of their profit
They have reached to higher levels of profits from few years. The demand of the
products increased instantly and till now they have been successful in maintaining the growth.
They reached this level because of their sincerity with the customers. They regularly takes
feedback from their customers and always try to solve them as soon as possible.
Varieties of Products/Services
Primark deals with a variety of clothing for men, women, kids etc. It also includes the
home furnishing stuff. Along with clothing, it also deals with cosmetics and housewares. The
company wants satisfaction of their customers. For that they sell good quality products at very
reasonable rates.
P3 Relationship between functions with various objectives and structures of organisation
Covering the relationship between functions as following with the organisational objectives :
Human Resource

NHS
HR plays the most important role in the achieving the purposes of the organisation. They
manage staffing different purposes to different people. They according to their capability, allot
some work to them. It is so because the HR wants the employees to stay motivated and focused
towards the work. The HR of NHS makes sure to provide motivation and some sort of incentives
or increments to them. They are aware of the fact that these factors help the employees a lot in
staying more focused towards the target.
Primark
As the role of HR is quite same in any organisation. In Primark, the HR also focuses on
increasing the efficiency of the employees so that they can produce a much amount of outputs
(Klapper, Lewin and Delgado, 2011). They guide the employees to take proper care of the
customers, regularly take feedbacks etc. If any customer stays unsatisfied with the product,
Primark allows them to replace it.
Finance
NHS
The objectives itself decides the finance the health centre wants. It all depends on the
objectives itself. The more bigger the objective is, more financial help would be needed by the
hospital. It depends that how much the health service centre has already in their accounts. For
involving more practices and services, there can be an increase in the financial status of the
hospital as well.
Primark
As it deals with cosmetics, clothing and the housewares, they often have to face financial
issues. It is essential to have the amount that has been profited to the retailer. Whatever the new
objectives are, it sets the financial budget. It is because if the new project which is being
undertaking in the company includes the most essential products, it is obvious to be costly. So,
the financial status can set only by the objectives itself (Sørensen, 2012).
Marketing/ Sales
NHS
It also plays a very important role. When the service centre is producing a much amount
of products and services and no consumers wants to utilise it, the products and services will

remain of no use. So it is very important to produce at such reasonable rates that the people can
afford it and utilise it properly. It further helps the hospital also in an increasing number of sales
thus serving the people too.
Primark
The sales and marketing, all depends on customers, whether they are liking it or not. The
more efficient the product is, the more people will like it. The objectives of it can be improved if
sometime there comes a situation where people seem less interested in their products. That time,
Primark have to go for some modifications in their products so that people can stay satisfied with
the organisation (Czinkota, Ronkainen and Moffett, 2011).
Production
NHS
If the organisation is producing well standard products, the sales will increase
automatically. One of the main objective of the organisation is improving efficiency. So, if they
are focusing on that, their productivity will also increase. Hence, increasing the value of the
organisation more.
Primark
If Primark would be providing efficient products that makes the customers satisfied, their
production will increase, thus increasing their sales as well. Every company and the customers
want their products to be efficient. If they are providing the same, the company will have an
overall increase in the production.
D1 Critical Analysis of complexities of different business structures
NHS
The resources and the services can be used very efficiently. Through these processes, the
information flow also increases in the organisation. As employees have sufficient contacts, they
can share the information with one another which can help in speeding up the decision making
process (Teece, 2010). However, the overall structure is quite expensive to maintain. Also, it can
result in internal complexity of the system by making things more complicated (Craig and
Campbell, 2012).
PRIMARK :

Primark has more opportunities for the management. It provides various opportunities to
the employees as well as to the company (Commander and Svejnar, 2011). There are many
levels of management which an employee can cover by working hard. However, it can be
critically analysed that it becomes complicated sometimes as the decision making process goes
complex sometimes (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2014). They have higher costs and have reduced
empowerment also.

P4:Some positive and negative impacts of macro environment with suitable examples.
Various strategies are used by organization to be effective in the market place. The
successful organization follow essential analysis for developing approaches towards strategies.
Pestle analysis is done on macro environment to understand various business framework. This
analysis promotes the development of strategic plans and will present all the threats that can
cause harm to the organization and also take specific action to avoid the impact.
Political-This factor follow and admire all the different initiatives taken by the government that
might change the presentation of entire work. It should adopt all the policies and various act that
are imposed by the government. The laws and policies of the government can change the
priorities of the companies. Primark which is among the top most retailers of clothing in UK.
The Primark should follow all the policies and rules that are imposed by the government of UK.
It is mandatory for the Primark and its employees to follow all the employment acts like sex
act,equity law,disability act etc(Sørensen,2012.).
The Primark had given employment to various employees and these employees should
work according to the laws of the government any laws of the government if not followed
properly may be a serious threat to Primark. However there are some negative impacts of
political factors if there is any change in the policies or laws by the government then Primark
should also implement that. This can bring downfall to the success of Primark to change the
policies according to the government. In addition to that the government laws and regulations
regulated by government are to be admired in NHS to provide better health services to the
patients. These policies will benefit the patients in their medical care. However,if the proper
guidance will not be provided from the government then proper facilities cannot be given to
patients.

(Source- Sørensen, 2012)
Economical-It will show the affect of change in market trends and economic growth on the
organization how theses factors will effect the income and outcome the organization. Primark is
a well recognized business organization that is financially stable and can contribute a lot in
country's Gross domestic Product(Commander and Svejnar, 2011). The Primark will be
benefited from the translation due to current exchange rates. However since if there would be
any any downfall in the economic factor then Primark will not be to meet demands of the
customers. On other in NHS if the economic condition is good ,proper facilities would be
provided to the patients. The hospital will use proper equipments for the treatment. Advance
equipment must be used for the treatment of the patinet in NHS.However if any downfall in
Illustration 1: Pestle Analysis

economic condition,patients will not given proper care. NHS have shown immense rise in
growth and provide best facilities to the patients.
Social-Such factors are related to the population,demand,fashion change that may affect a
particular product in the organization. To conduct a research the social change play a important
role in the organization. Primark manufactures all its clothing products keeping in mind the taste
and need of customers. The rise in obesity in UK allow Primark to produce plus-size products for
the customers. However if the products are not developed according to the mindset of
customers,this would decrease the popularity of Primark in market place. In NHS as the families
of patients are from different lifestyle so the helping staff put in extra care and effort to guide and
assist them. However in hospitals people are from different background so it is difficult for the
staff to understand there language and deal with them. The language problem can be a serious
issue as they cannot communicate with each other(Ebert and Dracopoulos,2014.).
Technological-Through this factor,the organization try to inherit and utilize the advance
technology innovation which will increase the efficiency and speed of the work. The innovations
in different technologies may enhance the product quality in the organization. The Primark use
advance technologies to provide better quality products to the customers and also technologies
can also decrease the illegal activities such as fraud in the organization. The online commerce
provide Primark and other clothing brands opportunities to sell the products to the customers in
future. Primark provide security in the workplace by using high definition cameras. However
there are some side effects also since technology is heavily used primark any failure in
technology can affect the work and may result in waste of time and resources. On the other hand
in NHS these technologies will benefit the patients,proper care would be given. Since NHS does
not use advance technologies for treatment of patients this can be dangerous to the health of
patients.
Legal-Through this factor various laws and regulations are implemented on the organization.
There are laws that would prevent the excess use of employees by the organization to produce
more product to earn profit. If all work in the business are done in a legal manner then the
problems faced in carrying business will be less. In NHS all the laws and policies must be
followed to treat every patient equally no discrimination must be done on any grounds.

Environmental-This factor is related with the organization utilization of resources and how
wastes can be recycled or reused(Drucker,2017). Primark have made various policies to protect
the environment like reduce the use of resources. The increase of ethical and environmental
consumers have given growth to new style like usage of organic cotton. Such policies are useful
as number of competition are increasing. On the other hand NHS die to change in weather in
rainy time there is a increase in the number of patients so it causes problem for the medical
department to handle them all. The more and more staff of NHS are leaving as they do not find
the atmosphere hygiene to work.
P5:Conducting external and internal analysis to identify strength and weaknesses
The SWOT analysis is conducted to find out strength,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of
various organizations.
SWOT analysis for Primark
Strengths of Primark are as follows-:
 Primark provides latest fashion products in the market at affordable prices and it has
impressive range of products including menswear,accessories,lingerie,footwear etc.
 It provide employment to more than 50,000 people in the world.
 As Primark provide such a wide range of products,its profit and popularity is increasing
day by day in the country.
 By increasing the 7 countries Primark has made ethical programs bigger and powerful for
maintaining the sustainable goods.
 Primark does not advertise the product on TV .This saves the money on advertisements
 It also have a strong market in Europe with 300 stores.
 Been the part of Ethical Trading Initiative. The major goal of Priamrk is to pay attention
on right's of employees,provide assistance on matter of labor.
 To attract various customers,Priamrk provide good quality products.
 The number of employees are more this will increase the productivity of Primark.
Weaknesses of Primark
 As the economic growth of EU is low,Primark was not able to receive a overall profit for
the group.

 There are various complaints against Primark for using child labor to produce the
products.
 The working environment is not good and workers are not given proper rights.
 Since Primark do not advertise the products,this would lead to advantage for its
rivals(Foss and Saebi, 2017).
 Its high dependency on UK market as UK generates more than half Primark turnover.
(Source: Sørensen, 2012)
Opportunities for Primark
 Primark need to pay its focus on the market of Europe by establishing more stores over
there.
 They should also open stores in India and china. This would increase the popularity in the
world.
 Today fitness as become very important to people and to maintain it they are joining
gym,doing yoga. So sportswear is essential Primark should start manufacturing it.
 Since Primark do not endorse it products while other competitors do advertise their
products.
 The rise in obesity levels can be major opportunity for markets to provide plus -size
products to customers.
 The aging UK population can provide opportunities to provide clothing in the market.
Threats to Primark
 As major stores of Primark is in Europe and it as slow economic factor. This can affect
the growth and profit of Primark(Kew and Stredwick,2017.).
Illustration 2: SWOT analysis

 They may also not meet the wants of customers in field of uniqueness.
 Primark should make use of external force and environment change to define its
marketing plans.
 Brexit may cause adverse effects on the profit of Primark.
SWOT analysis of NHS
Strengths of NHS are as follows-:
 Since NHS in UK aims at providing health care facilities to the patients based on there
want and provides free services .Patients need to pay any charge for it so there is no
competition for NHS in the market.
 The NHS provide a unique and different services to the patients in case of accidents and
emergency.
 The regular monitoring of waiting list of proves that there is huge demand of NHS in UK.
 The NHS has grown continuously since 1948 and provide the best services to the
patients.
Weaknesses of NHS
 As the population is increasing the demands are also increasing so NHS is not able to
cope up with needs of people .
 Since government play a important role in NHS as it financially supports it. If the
government will not provide proper assistance to NHS then it will not be able to provide
proper facilities to patients(Linnenluecke, 2017).
 Due to climate or weather change,the number of patients increase in rainy season so it
becomes difficult for the managing staff to manage them.
 Proper or advance technologies are not been used for treatment of patients.
Opportunities for NHS
 The NHS should increase their private investors so that they can give proper facilities to
the patients and can enhance its staff.
 Various marketing plans must be developed to make NHS more popular among people .
Threats to NHS
 The employees working at NHS easily resign for the job.
 As the contractors do not work properly,this can cause harm to the image of NHS.

P6:The strengths and weaknesses related to external factor
The government of UK have paid a huge contribution in the success of Primark. It works
according to the rules and regulations that are imposed by the government. By following the
terms and conditions of government primark as establish its market in EU also. The laws for the
benfit of the employees are not adopted at Primark they are not given value at work.Due to
increase in obesity among population of UK,it has given opportunity to Primark to produce large
size clothes.The demands of customers will be taken care in Primark(Battistella and
et.al,2017).The various laws that is imposed by the government for the benefit of the employees
and workers is not given much value in Primark as the workers rights are not given
preferences,they are not treated well.
As the demands of customers keeps on changing so in such condition Primark offers a huge
variety of products in menswear,women wear etc. The behaviors of different cultural and social
customers need to be taken care when establishing business in global platform. Since the Primark
is financial strong and have earned huge profit it make use of advance technology to find out
crimes that may occur in the business. The use of technology have a great impact on the
development of marketing programs. It can provide new direction for rapid movement. The
economic growth of EU is slow,and this will affect Primark profit and growth in the business.
The stability in economic factor can contribute a lot to Primark. The various legal laws are
introduced that Primark must adopt. It follows protecting rights of consumer where equal
importance is given to buyers and customers. The environment of Primark is not so good as
proper utilization of resources is not done and waste are not discarded properly.
The government supports NHS financially so all the laws and regulation made by
government is followed by NHS. The demand for NHS is high in the UK as it is a free service
provide by the government according to the need of the patients. The services provided by NHS
is unique as government make special effort to provide better services to the patients. The
population of economy is growing and NHS will not be able to provide proper facilities to such
large number. There are people from various cultures they speak different languages so it is
difficult for NHS team to communicate with them(Provis, 2017.).

The economic growth of NHS is excellent and has grown exponentially since years and
provide better care of treatment to the patients. As there is change in climate and weather,the
number of patients increase in rainy season and is not handled properly by the management. The
aging population has given opportunity to Primark to produce clothes for them according to their
age. Online commerce is of great use now days as it allows to make contact with the customers
in future.
The technology used in NHS are not so advanced for treatment,innovative ideas and
plans are needed to provide guidance to the patients. Since the working condition and
environment is not proper more staff members are resigning for the post. The government laws
to provide better working conditions and environment is not followed at NHS due to this many
staff people are leaving the job(Linder and Williander,2017). The various laws of government
must be followed in NHS for the benefit of the employees like age act,sex act,equity
act,disability act etc. Through these laws equal priority must be provide to all the employees in
the workplace. Using these laws in NHS can be beneficial as there would be no fraud and
priorities will be given to anyone. It is very important that the organizations should focus more
on the strengths then weaknesses and more strategies and plans have to be developed in order to
achieve this.
Conclusion
Summing up the present report it can be concluded that pestle analysis can be conducted
for macro environment .The pestle analysis is done to found the threats that can be harmful for
the organization. The pestle analysis is done to see the impact of macro environment factors on
the particular company. In this report we studied how
political,economical,social,technological,legal and environment factors can affect various
organization. The pestle analysis was conducted on Primark company which is UK based
business organization. The various factors and its effects on the Primark was examined. The
pestle analysis was also conducted for NHS which provide free medical care in UK. The SWOT
analysis of both Primark and NHS have shown the strength and weaknesses of these
organizations. The Primark have provided employment to huge employees and has gain a huge
popularity in EU and UK. NHS provide proper facilities so the patients and the demand is also
high in UK as it is free and also quality of services it provide is good. The staff members and

workers in Primark are not provided rights for their welfare. And in NHS more and more
workers are leaving job due to poor environment and atmosphere.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Battistella, C. and et.al., 2017. Cultivating business model agility through focused capabilities: A
multiple case study. Journal of Business Research, 73, pp.65-82.
Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014. Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and
stakeholder management. Nelson Education.
Carroll, A. B. and Shabana, K.M., 2010. The business case for corporate social responsibility: A
review of concepts, research and practice.International journal of management
reviews. 12(1). pp.85-105.
Chow, A. T. And et.al., At&T Intellectual Property Ii, LP, 2011. Broadband network with
enterprise wireless communication system for residential and business environment. U.S.
Patent 7,944,948.
Commander, S. and Svejnar, J., 2011. Business environment, exports, ownership, and firm
performance. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 93(1). pp.309-337.
Craig, T. and Campbell, D., 2012. Organisations and the business environment. Routledge.
Czinkota, M., Ronkainen, I. A. and Moffett, M. H., 2011. International business. Wiley.
Drucker, P.F., 2017. The Theory of the Business (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard
Business Press.
Ebert, R. J. and Dracopoulos, G., 2014. Business essentials. Pearson Education Canada.
Foss, N.J. and Saebi, T., 2017. Fifteen years of research on business model innovation: How far
have we come, and where should we go?. Journal of Management, 43(1), pp.200-227.
Gorur, C. and Mulukutla, R., Jda Software Group, Inc., 2017. Customizable state machine and
state aggregation technique for processing collaborative and transactional business
objects. U.S. Patent 9,665,893.
Kew, J. and Stredwick, J., 2017. Business environment: managing in a strategic context. Kogan
Page Publishers.
Klapper, L., Lewin, A. and Delgado, J. M. Q., 2011. The impact of the business environment on
the business creation process. In Entrepreneurship and Economic Development (pp. 108-
123). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Linder, M. and Williander, M., 2017. Circular business model innovation: inherent uncertainties.
Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(2), pp.182-196.
Linnenluecke, M.K., 2017. Resilience in business and management research: A review of
influential publications and a research agenda. International Journal of Management
Reviews, 19(1), pp.4-30.
Provis, C., 2017. Intuition, analysis and reflection in business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics,
140(1), pp.5-15.
Sørensen, H. E., 2012. Business development. In Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic
Management. Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
Teece, D. J., 2010. Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long range
planning. 43(2). pp.172-194.
Online
Primark. 2017. [Online] Available through: <https://www.Primark.com/>. [Accessed on 28 July
2017]