This analysis delves into the types of organizations, their structures, and the impact of macro and micro environmental factors on business operations. It explores the interrelationships between organizational functions and decision-making processes.
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Business and Business Environment 1
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Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................4 Section 1..........................................................................................................................................5 LO1..................................................................................................................................................5 P1 Explain the different types and purposes of organisations; private, public and voluntary sector and legal structures............................................................................................................5 P2 Explain the size and scope of a range of different types of organisations.............................7 M1 Analyse how the structure, size and scope of different organisations link to the business objectives and product and services offered by the organisation................................................8 LO2..................................................................................................................................................9 P3 Explain the relationship between different organisational functions and how they link to organisational objectives and structure........................................................................................9 M2 Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of interrelationships between organisational functions and the impact that can have upon the organisational structure................................11 D1 Provide a critical analysis of the complexities of different types of business structure and the interrelationships of the different organisational functions.................................................12 Section 2........................................................................................................................................13 LO 3...............................................................................................................................................13 P4 Identify the positive and negative impacts the macro environment has on business operations, supported by examples............................................................................................13 M3 Apply appropriate the PESTLE model support detailed analysis of the macro environment within an organisation................................................................................................................15 2
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................17 P5 Conduct internal and external analysis of specific organisations in order to identify strengths and weaknesses..........................................................................................................17 P6 Explain how strengths and weaknesses interrelate with external macro factors..................19 M4 Apply appropriately SWOT/TOWS analysis and justify how they influence decision making.......................................................................................................................................21 D2 Critically analyse the impacts that both macro and micro factors have upon business objectives and decision making.................................................................................................22 Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................23 References......................................................................................................................................24 3
Introduction The business environment consists of two factors which are internal and external which influence the organisation, its employees, management system, customers, demand, supply, business rules and regulations. For existing in a competitive market, it is mandatory for companies to identify all environmental factors and then set business policies and strategies according to them. This assignment is based on the study of different types of organisation, their size and scope. Marks and Spencer have chosen for this report because it is highly influenced by business environment. In this report, the different function of M&S and their interrelationship has been evaluated. Also, it is determined that how business functions links with organisational structure. Apart from this, the positive and negative influence of external factors on Marks and Spencer has been analysed. This assignment includes the strengths and weaknesses of Marks and Spencer and also highlights their interrelationship with external elements of the business environment. 4
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Section 1 LO1 P1 Explain the different types and purposes of organisations; private, public and voluntary sector and legal structures. An organisation is that social unit which is managed and controlled to accomplish some desired goals and objectives of the business. There can be three types of enterprise which are public, private and voluntary. Different kind of organisation operates their business activities in some different manner and to achieve some different goals. The business industry of United Kingdom is divided into three types of organisations which are followed as under: Privatesector:It isthatbusinessindustry which ismainlycontrolledand managedby entrepreneurs who do not take permission from legal authorities while taking any important decisions regarding their business. Marks and Spencer is one of the most popular private organisations which is basically a retailer company and operates its business activities across the world. This type of enterprises makes various efforts to increase their profitability as well as productivity (Padmanand, et. al., 2016). Customer satisfaction, employees’ gratification and quality control are some major activities which are performed by the privately held company to maximise their sales revenue. The legal structure of private sector is categorised into different parts which are following as under: Sole proprietorship:This is considered as the least regulated type of organisation because in this all business activities and practices are managed by single owner. This type of organisation mainly satisfies the needs and wants of local people.Kurt Geiger is the great example of UK based single proprietor firm. Partnership:This type of organisation can be formed easily also, it provides additional managerial as well as financial resources. All partners of an organisation are known as the agent who plays the crucial role in decision-making process. In partnership firms, all partners are liable for taxes and debts. Also, they share organisational profit equally. McDonald's is the great example of partnership firm (Shehu and Mahmood, 2014). 5
Public limited company:It is that private company which offer its share to the general public. Marks and Spencer is the biggest example of the public limited company. Public sector:This business industry is totally different from the private sector because it is fully controlled as well as managed by legal authorities. In the United Kingdom, many public companies are working for enhancing social welfare. The main services which are provided by public companies are transportation, police, bridges, railway etc. NHS is one of the most popular public organizations in UK. The most important goal of the public sector is to improve the living standardofpeople.Publiccompaniesusetheirgeneratedprofitinsocialactivities (Vandekerckhove and Ramioul, 2015). The legal structure of public sector is divided into two parts which are discussed below: The central government:This is considered as the main body of country or face of a nation which makes the main rules, regulations and policies for the entire country. Mainly it deals with national security, diplomacy decisions and international affairs of United Kingdom. The state government:This is known as the lowest tire of administration system and follows all the rules and regulations which are regulated by the central government. The authorised body keeps control of specific districts and towns. Voluntary sector:It is also known as non-profitable organisations which work for social welfare. The Companies which comes under this sector does not earn the profit. The major objective of this industry is to help poor people who cannot earn their livelihood (Wetherly and Otter, 2014). Charitable trusts and old aged homes are the biggest examples of the voluntary sector. Cancer Research UK is the charitable trust which is located in the UK. 6
P2 Explain the size and scope of a range of different types of organisations All business enterprises have their own size and scope which makes them different from other organisations. Different types of organization and their size, as well as scope, are determined in below-mentioned points: Private sector:Marks and Spencer is a private partnership firm which is specialised in selling designer clothes, household products and food items. This company was established in 1884 by two founders Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer (Wu, et. al., 2015). It is a large organisation and strength of its employees is also huge which is near around 85,989. The biggest objective of this company is to enlarge organisational growth and to increase its sales revenue by providing high customer satisfaction.Net operating income of this organisation is approx. around£690.7 million and net profit is£115.8 million till 2017. Public sector:Public companies are mainly managed by authorised bodies of a country such as central or local government. National Health Services is one of the leading public organizations of United Kingdom which provides health and social care services to UK people so that they can live the healthy life. This size of National Health Service is medium because it has strength of 6500 employees. It has more than 50 branches in all over England. The biggest objectives of NHS are to deliver healthcare services in an innovative manner. The net expenditure of this organization is near around£120.512 billion whereas its net income is£280.23 billion. Voluntary sector:Cancer Research UK is the biggest example of voluntary sector which is a charitable firm and makes people aware about cancer and its causes so that they can take care of their self (Yüksel, 2012). The main objective of this non-profitable organisation is to reduce the number of people who die because of cancer. It is small frim which employs near about 4000 employees. 7
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M1 Analyse how the structure, size and scope of different organisations link to the business objectives and product and services offered by the organisation. The size, scope and structure of the organization are highly influenced by business objectives because manager set that organisational structure which helps them in accomplishing their desired goals in the appropriate manner. For example, Marks and Spencer is large organisation and for managing all workers it follows flexible structure. The organisational structure allows employees to operate their given task in the most effective manner which influences positive impact on organisational profit of Marks and Spencer (Foss, et. al., 2013). The main objective of this Marks and Spencer is profit maximisation and customer satisfaction which it achieves by taking help of its employees. They produce such quality products which help an organization in achieving its desired objectives. 8
LO2 P3 Explain the relationship between different organisational functions and how they link to organisational objectives and structure. Every business enterprise set their own objectives so that they can lead to their desired business position. Some most important goals and objectives of Marks and Spencer are followed as under: To increase organisational productivity as well as profitability To provide high gratification to employees and customers To cover large market share Moreover, these are some most significant objectives of M&S which helps it in improving its organisational performance within the marketplace. Just like objectives, all companies follow a particular organisational structure for achieving business goals in an effective manner and for making objective clear to employees (Harris, 2013). There is three type of structure which are divisional, matric and functional. Marks and Spencer follow matrix structure because it creates cooperation level and increases managerial efficiency within a workplace. To accomplish goals in systematic manner Marks and Spencer operates various functions which are discussed below: Human resource management:This department of M&S performs various activities such as recruitment, selection, development and training which helps, the company in identifying and retaining most qualified employees within a workplace. Basically, this section manages the human resource of the organisation which is the main key to business success. For recruiting people this section has to take help of marketing department so that it can search for most qualified candidates. High skilled employees contribute various efforts in achieving business goals of M&S (Foss, et. al., 2013). Sales and marketing:Marks and Spencer take help of marketing activities to promote its products and services. Marketing section prepares a marketing plan and for that, it requires the huge amount of money which it takes from finance section. Marketing activities such as 9
promotion and advertisement help in attracting the huge number of people which basically, helps M&S in increasing its market share. Finance:This section keeps control on the daily monetary transactions of Marks and Spencer. On the basis of market research, it estimates the capital which will be required for operating future operations of the company (Harris, 2013). Marks and Spencer is a large organization and operates various functions that are why it follows Matrix structure which also assists it in creating the flexible working environment. 10
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M2 Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of interrelationships between organisational functions and the impact that can have upon the organisational structure. The interrelationship between business functions helps Marks and Spencer in attaining its predetermined goals. Also, it increases the communication and cooperation level in the company, which is highly essential for organisational growth and development. Also, it helps in building positiveworkingenvironmentwithinworkplacewhichprovidesthehugesatisfactionof employees (Wu, et. al., 2015). Sometimes, the relationship between organisational functions creates complexities and also increases the chances of mistakes. For example, if all departments of Marks and Spencer will work together than they can underestimate the formal system of organisation, which is highly important for organisational development. 11
D1 Provide a critical analysis of the complexities of different types of business structure and the interrelationships of the different organisational functions. According to Yüksel (2012), the interrelationship between business functions creates chances of false or mistakes. Also, it affects the formal system of organisation. Apart from this, a business enterprise should select that organisationalstructure accordingto their business size and objectives. The complexities that take place in the organisational functions are made due to the interdependence of different functional units in them. This is made for the production of products and services for the attainment of profits. Due to the interdependence, the consumption of time getsincreasedandtheproductivitygetsreduced.Basically,therearethreetypesof organisationalstructurewhicharedivisional,matrixanddivisional.Complexitiesofall organisational structure are followed as under: Functional structure:In this business structure, all important decisions are taken by managers which do not allow employees to take part in decisions making process. This influence negative impact on workers and demotivates them. Matrix structure:In this organisational structure all departments work with each other which make reporting line unclear and also confuse the employees. Divisional structure:The biggest advantage of this organisational structure is that it creates the sense of competition within business divisions. 12
Section 2 LO 3 P4 Identify the positive and negative impacts the macro environment has on business operations, supported by examples. The external environment affects profitability as well as productivity of Marks and Spencer. It includes six elements which can influence negative as well as positive impact on M&S. Political factors Positive impact:This factor includes the changes in taxation policies. Positive changes in such policies can increase the profitability of Marks and Spencer. Negative impact:Adverse changes in taxation policy can force M&S to change its current pricing policy which can decrease its sales revenue (Wetherly and Otter, 2014). Economical factor Positive impact:It involves inflation rate and income level of people. The high-income level of UK people increases the demand for products of Marks and Spencer. Negative impact:On the other side, high demand of people put the huge burden on employee's productivity of M&S. Social factor Positive impact:For better growth and development is important for a company to produce its goods or services on the basis of customer needs. In the present time, UK people are becoming so advanced and fashionable which influence positive impact on M&S (Vandekerckhove and Ramioul, 2015). Negative impact:Continuous changes in customer needs and demands affect the production activities of M&S. 13
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Technological factor Positive impact:By taking help of digital technologies, Marks and Spencer can improve its organisational efficiency and effectiveness. Negative impact:The biggest problem with this factor is that it requires the huge amount of money for maintenance of technical tools of Marks and Spencer. Legal factor Positive impact: Legal authorities make various rules and regulations which can affect the organisational growth. By following all legal rules M&S can create the positive business image within the marketplace (Shehu and Mahmood, 2014). Negative impact:Non-compliance with legal rules can lead Marks and Spencer to huge financial loss. Environmental factor Positive impact:Environmental factor involves climate and weather conditions. By taking help of natural resources Marks and Spencer can produce healthy food products. Negative impact:Excess use of natural resources can lead M&S to monetary loss. 14
M3ApplyappropriatethePESTLEmodelsupportdetailedanalysisofthemacro environment within an organisation With the help of PESTLE analysis, Marks and Spencer can analyse all macro environmental factors which can affect its business performance (Padmanand, et. al., 2016). Some most important elements of PESTLE analysis are followed as under: External factorsDescription PoliticalIn the present time, UK government have made various free trade agreements which have opened various new markets for marks and Spencer. EconomicalRetail is that business industry which can easily adapt changes of interest rate. Marks and Spencer prepare back up plans so that it can survive in changing economic conditions. SocialIn the present time, taste and lifestyle of the customer are continuously changing which provide huge growth opportunities for M&S. TechnologicalOnline shopping sites are the biggest invention of technology which helps Marks and Spencer in reaching to the maximum number of customer. LegalLegal authorities have made various laws and regulation regarding customer health and safety which should be followed by Marks and Serener while producing food products. EnvironmentalThis is considered as a most important environmental factor. To protectenvironmentorforbecomingenvironment-friendlyM&S 15
should utilise fabric and other raw material in an appropriate manner. 16
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LO 4 P5 Conduct internal and external analysis of specific organisations in order to identify strengths and weaknesses Mark and Spencer is an organisation that deals with various kinds of products under one roof. This is made for the development of the organisation and its growth. The main objective of the organisation is to attract the customers by making them provided with qualitative products and services to the customer. To evaluate the needs of the organisation and customers’ internal and external analysis has been conducted. This will help in ascertaining the strengths and weakness of the organisation for producing its products and services. Source: (Canavnizer, 2017). Internal analysis (SWOT) STRENGTHWEAKNESS The brand quality of the organisation is very high. Cost effective methods attract the customers. Highqualityandcustomerserviceoriented More concerned on profit maximization that reduces the quality. Lack of return on investment. 17
market. Effective leadership qualities. Proper training to the employees is provided. High wastage of stock material. Less competitive in nature with the clothing. Spaces for the stock are wasted. OPPORTUNITIESTHREATS The innovation in new technologies can be used by the M & S. Markets are expanding that creates increase the production. The relations with other organisation would increase the productivity. It can adopt the online shopping strategy for attracting the customers. The increase in the competition will make the organisation to reduce its profits. Thechangingpreferencesofthecustomers lead to decrease brand loyalty. Therateofchemicalpollutionalsogets increased. Change in currency rates (Enalls, 2017). 18
P6 Explain how strengths and weaknesses interrelate with external macro factors The strengths and weakness of the Mark and Spencer are related to the macro factor as the decision needs to be made by keeping these factors into consideration. The factors need to be adopted so that it can increase its strengths and reduce the weakness and its impact on the products and services that are made for the customers. Source: (Bohatala, 2017). FACTORSDESCRIPTION Political factorsThechangesinthepoliciesofthegovernmentaffectthe production of the organisation. They have to adopt the policies ofthegovernmentsothatitcanmaketheproductionof products and services by keeping in consideration the policies and regulations of the government. Economic factorsThe changes that take place in the economic condition of the country affect the productivity of the organisation. The change in the price of the products due to inflation and decrease in the currency rate will reduce the selling of the organisation. 19
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Social factorsThe social factors such as the preference of the people as per the need of the customers make the organisation to produce the products as per the needs of the customers. the culture and values of the people also affect the productivity of the M & S. Technological factorsThe innovation in the technology makes the organisation to use the new sources for production and promotion of its products and services. The usage of social media makes it advertise and promote its products and services in the market (Enalls, 2017). The above factors need to be kept in mind for the production of products and services into the market. This help in making the effective use of technologies so that it can promote its products and meets the competition in the market. This also helps it to produce the products as per the needs of the customers so that it would be able to attract them and lead to generate profits (Green, 2012). 20
M4 Apply appropriately SWOT/TOWS analysis and justify how they influence decision making. The SWOT analysis helps in ascertaining the strengths and weakness of the organisation. This help in the formulation of those strategies and policies that help in the promotion of its products and services. This help in making up of decision regarding the use of technologies in the organisation so that it can provide training to the employees of the use of new techniques. This will increase the productivity of the organisation so that it can make the customers satisfies. This also enables it to make the promotion of its products and services in the market so that it can attract them and lead to effective utilization of resources. The decisions are made to increase the strengths of the organisation and minimize the impact of weakness on the organisation (Dhanesh, 2014). 21
D2 Critically analyse the impacts that both macro and micro factors have upon business objectives and decision making. According to Enalls (2017), it is a core responsibility of organisation to protect and promote an environment in which they operate. Microenvironment makes organisation aware of its internal factors such as customer, competitors and company. Without considering them, Marks and Spencer cannot formulate long-term business plans and strategies. Internal factors can be controlled by company so, they do not harm organisational growth as external factor harms. Moreover, the macro environment includes those external elements which can create positive or negative situations for business enterprise. So, it is highly essential for M&S to make business decisions only after analysing external factors and their impacts on its operation. 22
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Conclusion Thus, it has concluded that business environment is an essential concept which should be consideredbyallbusinessenterpriseswhilemakingimportantdecisionsregardingthe workplace. It consists of two factors which are internal and external. Marks and Spencer can deal with microenvironmental factors but not with macro environmental factors. So, it is essential for Company to set itsbusiness objectives, structure,strategiesand policiesas per external influences otherwise M&S can suffer from the huge financial loss. There are different kinds of an organisation such as private, public and voluntary which operate in UK market and highly influenced by their business environment. 23
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Vandekerckhove, S. and Ramioul, M., 2015. Using business functions to identify new and growing jobs.Hard Work in New Jobs: The Quality of Work and Life in European Growth Sectors, pp.35. Wetherly, P. and Otter, D. eds., 2014.The business environment: themes and issues in a globalizing world.Oxford University Press. Wu, W.N., Chang, S.M. and Collins, B.K., 2015. Mobilizing Voluntary Organizations in Taiwanese Emergency Response: Citizen Engagement and Local Fire Branch Heads.Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia. Yüksel, İ., 2012. Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis. International.Journal of Business and Management,Vol. 7, No. 24; 2012. ISSN 1833-3850 E- ISSN 1833-8119. 25