Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism and Hospitality Industry

This dissertation explores the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism and hospitality industry. It discusses the challenges faced, solutions adopted, and the implications on productivity and profitability. The research aims to identify the effects of the pandemic on the global economies and provide insights for the industry.

Business and
Management Dissertation

Table of Contents
Title: “To explore the influence of COVID-19 on Tourism and Hospitality industry at Global
level”................................................................................................................................................4
A) INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................4
Rationale and importance of the research.....................................................................…….4
B) Theoretical background and research focus.............................................................................4/5
Theme 1: Implication of COVID -19 over the global economies........................................5
Theme 2: Impact of COVID-19 over productivity and profitability of Hospitality and
Tourism industry....................................................................................................................5
Theme 3: Challenges faced by Hospitality and Tourism industry due to current pandemic5/6
Theme 4: Solutions adopted by Hospitality and Tourism industry for dealing with issues of
COVID-19...........................................................................................................................6/7
Research aim:........................................................................................................................7
Research Objectives...............................................................................................................7
Research Questions................................................................................................................7
C) Justification and contextualization…………………………………………………………7/8
Why is your research important?............................................................................................8
Why is it important to find what you are trying to find?........................................................8
How will it build on the existing body of evidence?..............................................................8
Is it timely? Does it respond to an existing need? What makes it so?................................8/9
D) Methodology...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................12/13
Title: “To explore the influence of COVID-19 on Tourism and Hospitality industry at
Global level”.
A) INTRODUCTION

Tourism and hospitality industry is one of the industries that is most hit by the COVID-
19. Travel agents, hotels, providers of leisure activities, restaurants and other associated service
companies discontinue their operations. Most of the people are staying home & avoid travelling
by their choices and government restrictions as well. The current pandemic affects adversely on
the hospitality and tourism industry as it declines the overall performance and profitability (Yeh,
2020). The health of employees and guest is top priority of industry and is also required to
reorganise for gaining the opportunity. The hospitality and tourism industry are more focused
towards providing sustainable level of quality to their guest so that bookings are increases that
further assist in maintaining performance in an effective manner. The industry is making use of
various strategies to recover their losses and to get on track which is important for retaining at
marketplace. These are offering healthy foods, promoting safety, adopting quality level of
sustainability and so on.
The world economy is facing a situation of worst crisis since the time of century. Economies
across different parts of the globe are facing a sharp contraction in the growth that is caused
because of the economic lock-down situation that is related to the spread of virus. It has led to
reduction in output supply, employment scenario and consequent demand. Many industries that
include essential goods and services like drugs, pharmaceuticals, essential health and financial
services like insurance are observing a rapid growth. But other industries that are based on
discretionary spending like entertainment, restaurant and tourism are hit because of this dynamic
situation.
The impact of economic slowdown is widespread because each sector is dependent on
global supply chains and trade mediums. The panoramic is already existing and slowing down
the economy. The industries like entertainment, restaurants and tourism are one of the hardest hit
industries. Impact of economic slowdown was widespread because each sector is dependent on
the trade and global supply chain. The pandemic is leading to existing slowdown and is of much
serious concern (Jones, and Comfort, 2020). Current report is based on analysing the immediate
effect of covid-19 virus on travel and tour sector across globe. There will be analysis of the
impact of covid-19 on the hospitality as well as travel industry. The main reasons behind the
project are to analyse the impact of covid-19 situation on tourism and hospitality industry. It is
related with analysing the consequences of covid-19 virus across global markets. Further there is
an analysis of the impact of covid-19 virus over profitability and productivity on the travel and

tourism sector. The main reason for this project is to understand the way there can be regulation
of the covid-19 impact and examine the issues that are faced by hospitality and tourism sector in
this pandemic situation.
Present research is based on analysing the laid aims and objective by application of secondary
available information. For this purpose there will be collection of information from available
sources that are going to assist in the process of analysing and reaching to relevant
recommendations.
Rationale and importance of the research
The main reason behind conducting this dissertation is to identify the impact of COVID-
19 on Hospitality and Tourism industry. It is one of the major issues which has negative
influence on business performance and productivity in a negative manner. This topic of
dissertation is significant for hospitality and tourism industry to develop new strategies and come
on track at marketplace. Apart from this, present investigation is also significant at personal level
as it enhances time management, data analysis, data collection, research skills and
communication skills of researcher. All these skills will be advantageous for investigator in
conducting dissertation in an effective and systematic manner.
Moreover, it will also assist researcher in conducting more studies in future properly.
B) Theoretical background and research focus
Theme 1: Implication of COVID -19 over the global economies
According to Madhuri Saripalle, (2020), it is stated that world economy is facing major crises
due to this pandemic COVID-19. In addition to this, economies all over the globe are seeing a
sharp contraction within growth caused due to economic lock down that took place to control
spread of virus. All this effect on the business in a negative manner such many of the companies
has shut down, and it has major loss for the economy (Prayag, 2020). It is determined that
Tourism industry is affected adversely due to coronavirus as travel sector is directly impacted by
Government’s decision to quarantine dozens of cities and ban overseas tour groups (Impact of
COVID-19 on hospitality industry, 2020). Many of the Airlines trimming their schedules and
cancelled all flights all over the World. This effect on the overall economy and is not easy to
recover quickly.

Furthermore, the Governments are bringing effective plans to decline the negative affect and to
settle down things in a proper manner.
Theme 2: Impact of COVID-19 over productivity and profitability of Hospitality and Tourism
industry
As per the viewpoint of Dogan Gursoy, (2020), it is stated that pandemic has confronted the
hospitality sector with an unprecedented challenge. The strategies used by government to flatten
this pandemic were social distancing, community lock downs, mobility and travel restrictions
that have resulted in temporary closing of hospitality businesses and decline the demand for
businesses (Seraphin and Dosquet, 2020). In addition to this, many of the countries prohibited
visitors to travel which impact on the tourism sector and many of the tourism business has shut
down. It shows that COVID-19 has affected negatively on the overall performance of hospitality
and tourism industry which is not easy to recover rapidly.
Moreover, many of the organisation shut down and many of is not able to sustain which arise a
high loss to the industry and impact adversely as well.
Theme 3: Challenges faced by Hospitality and Tourism industry due to current pandemic.
According to Greg Harbor, (2020), COVID-19 has affected travel sector due to resulting travel
restrictions and slump within demanding among travelers. In addition to this, tourism sector has
been adversely affected by the spread of coronavirus as many of the new countries have
introduced restrictions on travel to reduce the spread. It is determined that in many of the cities
planned travel drop down by around 80% which shows that industry has adversely or massively
impacted by COVID-19 (How the coronavirus impacted on Travel industry, 2020). Unilateral
and conflicting travel restrictions arise regionally as well as many tourist attractions globally
such as amusement park, sports venue and museums closed, also many regions and countries-
imposed quarantines, restrictions for citizens or recent travelers, entry ban on the most affected
areas. It is analyzed that travel restrictions have negative economic influence on Tourism and
Hospitality industry. The highly infectious of corona virus continues affecting the sector and
arise serious question about the survival of Tourism sector.
According to Vik Krishnan, (2020) COVID-19 has affected every industry across the globe and
one of the major industries that hit by this pandemic is Hospitality industry. It is analysed that
recovery of pre COVID-19 take years and is not easy as well. The restrictions and ban of hotels
decline the overall growth of Hospitality industry and many of the hotels shut down permanently

as they are not able to carry out activities in this situation. In addition to this, many of the hotels
laid off its employees or cut down salary of staff members as they are not able to pay them and
fulfil their requirements. This pandemic impact adversely on the hospitality industry which is not
easy to recover till 2024. The hotel managers are going to struggle to manage price wars,
pressure to reduce rates, occupancy drops and so on. It is vital for hotels to act wisely and
focusing on retaining at marketplace in this situation (Lu and et. al., 2021).
Theme 4: Solutions adopted by Hospitality and Tourism industry for dealing with issues of
COVID-19
As per the viewpoint of Lena g. Combs, (2020) The impact of COVID-19 is being felt
throughout the entire Tourism industry as rebuilding and reopening destination will need a joint
up approach. It is analyzed that tourism workers and businesses are benefiting from economy
wide stimulus packages as government is also introducing specific measures to this sector. One
of the major strategies used by traveling industry is to restore traveler confidence and stimulating
demand with clean and safe labels for the sector. In addition to this, travelers get information
apps for visitors as well as domestic tourism promotion campaigns.
Furthermore, most of the companies bringing innovation in offering services and ensure its
customers about the safety precautions followed by them.
On the other hand, hospitality industry focusing on giving response to this major health issues as
hotel operators are planning with their teams for the possibility of two scenarios that is:
If hotel get infected with virus and potential loss of income from diminish travel because of
virus spread (Yeh, S.S., 2020). The organization’s make use of applications which directly track
customers and provide them information if they are infected from the virus. In addition to this, it
provides information to its customers about population stay within the hotel and from which
areas as it makes customers to trust on hotel services and continue to reserve it.
Moreover, hotels make use of digital technology and decline face to face interaction to minimize
the risk of spread the virus. Furthermore, many of the hospitality organisations ensure its
customers about their safety and follow all the precaution as well as guidelines of government.
All these strategies will assist Hospitality and Tourism industry to deal with such issues and
rapidly maintaining its performance at marketplace.
Research aim:

“To identify the impact of COVID-19 on productivity and profitability of Tourism and
Hospitality industry”.
Research Objectives
 To explore the implication of COVID -19 over the global economies.
 To determine the impact of COVID-19 over productivity and profitability of
Hospitality and Tourism industry.
 To analyze the challenges faced by Hospitality and Tourism industry due to
current pandemic.
 To examine the solutions adopted by Hospitality and Tourism industry for dealing
with issues of COVID-19.
Research Questions
 What is the implication of COVID-19 over the global economies?
 What is the impact of COVID-19 over productivity and profitability of Hospitality and
Tourism industry?
 What are challenges faced by Hospitality and Tourism industry due to current pandemic?
 What are the solutions adopted by Hospitality and Tourism industry for dealing with
issues of COVID-19?
Literature review:
Effect of COVID -19 over the global economies
As per view point of Mathew Paniati (2020), Coronavirus is the major event in the global
economy this year. United States has been worst affected because of the spread of covid-19 virus
there have been tense of million cases and hundreds of thousands that that has led to
overwhelming of medical capacities. It has also led to major economic sectors in a situation of
the freeze. In the present situation of preliminary of the year 2021 United State accounted for
devastating majority of covid-19 virus and high manners of deaths in the Western hemisphere
although by having one third of the region’s billion of an individuals. The World health
Organisation acknowledged the COID- 19 infection as the global pandemic. Large number of
individuals as per to various fragments of the world representing indications of covid-19 created
a panic amongst some of the republics in the initial phases (Baum and Hai, 2020). Various
businesses as across different portions of the world have been radically affected because of the

covid-19 virus. As per the world travel and tourism assembly travel is one of the enormous
subdivisions that is causative approximately 11.5 % of the global gross national product and is
also a major contributor as per to 12% of the global employment (Baum and Hai, 2020). In the
initial stages in the year 2019 December Chinese visitors started facing a global ban the tourism
business was practically affected at this stage only. Some industries started having a drastic
effect with serious implications across various other industries like entertainment industry,
hospitality industry, food and beverage as well as luxury goods industry (Sobaih and et.al.,
2021).
The tourism industry was globally and nationally is affected because of the challenges
arising because of the covid-19 virus. Many international airlines and hospitality brands that are
running through family-run operations small and medium businesses are to immediately seek
help to rebuild the businesses. There are many important factors that are considered by people in
this scenario of covid-19 that has affected the tourism industry (Guzzo and et.al., 2021). There is
increasing unemployment situation people have lost half a million jobs in UK tourism sector
because government has failed to significant the open the international tourism. The impact of
travel restrictions has resulted into a damage of 22.3 billion in the overall contribution towards
economic growth in UK. Many existing tourism brand is focusing on using certain measures that
can help them in dealing with this impact of covid-19 virus. For instance TUI as part of global
tourism industry is working towards using a sustainable approach to minimise the overall
environmental impact. For this purpose there is minimization on the environmental impact
respecting of culture and bringing economic benefits to communities (Sigala, 2020). The travel
and tourism business is playing a positive role across different parts of the work because tourism
sector accounts for 10% of the world’s GDP and 7% of the exports across different parts of the
world. Tourism the present 25% of the economy of a country
It is said that one in every three household relies on the tourism it is part of their income.
Domestic tourism contributes towards 20 billion pounds to the economy (Kim, Han and Ariza-
Montes, 2020). It is very much reliant on the tourism industry to be part of the economy of
country like UK. Tourism sector has been adversely affected in the past few years because of the
global pandemic situation (Our approach, 2020).

Impact of COVID-19 over productivity and profitability of Hospitality and Tourism
industry
As per Michael Hall (2020), The COVID 19 virus is one of the biggest human tragedies
that has affected health of Lacs of people across different parts of the world. Impact of covid-19
virus on tourism and hospitality industry is reach ahead. Asphalt United Nations World tourism
Organisation many experts are stated that international tourism will be down by 20 to 30% in the
year 2020 as compared to your 2019. It has been compared to SARS outbreak in the year 2009
that led to decline of 0.4% in international tourism market. Various economics and countries
have been hard hit by this pandemic situation. Such as In India, experts suggested that domestic
hotel brands have to face a week financial year 2020 and fourth quarter. Tier 2 and Tier 3 hotels
have also witnessed small erosion in the business (Mohamed, Patwary and Mohamed, 2020. In
Europe, the commerce authorities have endeavoured to shield the effect on global manner of the
hotel industry in the previous year 2020. There are many spare measures that are obligatory to
limit the range of virus that is previously leading to a thoughtful influence. In China, in the year
2019 occupancy has lower down by 68%. As per recent reports 87% of the hotels are now
suffering from the occupancy situation. Hotels across United States are also experiencing
unprecedented booking cancellations because of the pandemic situation that is leading to
situation of decline in the average occupancy by 96% in Italy and in United Kingdom it is down
by 67% (COVID-19 and Tourism, 2021).
Apart from this, it is determined that the overall sales of tourism and hospitality industry
is decline around 80% which is a huge percent and dealing with it is complex as well as it is not
easy to cover up the high loss in short time period. It is analysed that hospitality and tourism
companies is gaining no profit and is also not able to bear the expenses as well (Sobaih and et.al.,
2021). It is determined that many of the companies shut their business or close their branches
which decline their market presence as well as customer base level. Therefore, it is analysed that
there is adverse impact of COVID-19 on the productivity and profitability of Tourism and
hospitality industry.

The challenges faced by Hospitality and Tourism industry due to current pandemic
As per view points of Thams Andreas (2020), there are some of the challenges faced by
tourism and hospitality industry in the present situation. In the tourism sector there is difficulty in
up scaling the candidates. Up skilling is a process where adequate training is required to deal
with the changes in situations that are affecting major and minor hotel as well as travel brands
(Wachyuniand Kusumaningrum, 2020). The global and regional travelling restrictions have
created a survival threat to the industry. It is also creating new social consequences in terms of
driving towards reduction in their travelling trends. The present crisis has definitely changed the
spending habits of people (Hudson, 2020). Hospitality revenue managers have to face struggles
for managing the price was pressure to reduce rates and occupancy drops. Hoteliers have to act
wisely for promoting dramatic price cuts that may impact the quality experiences and businesses
in long run. Sustainability aspect of present situation is also leading to more serious commercial
financial crisis because of the spread of covid-19 virus (Rahma. and Arvianti, 2020). Many
substantial markets and destinations are suspended their commercial activities and operations.
Major market players in different areas of touristic value change like tour operators, airlines
retailers and cruise lines have minimised or completely stopped their production for undefined
time period. These situations have created a sudden and total cutoff in the revenue streams for
tourism and travel industry (An initial assessment of economic impacts and operational
challenges for the tourism & hospitality industry due to, 2020).
The other challenge faced by tourism and hospitality industry is to deal with the changing
demand of customers as it is difficult in the present time period. In addition to this, investments
for the clean and sanitary measures is beneficial for companies but occur high cost to
organisation which at present is a major challenge for the tourism and hospitality industry
(Shapoval and et.al., 2021). It is analysed that there are also other major issues faced by tourism
and hospitality industry because of current pandemic is closure of branches, decline in revenue,
decline in customer base level, increase cost pf innovative ideas and so on. All this impact
massively on the tourism industry which further decline its presence at marketplace.

Solutions adopted by Hospitality and Tourism industry for dealing with issues of COVID-
19
According to jhen, (2021) COVID-19 has triggered an unprecedented crisis within the
tourism and hospitality industry and given immediate as well as immense shock to this industry.
In addition to this, the tourism industry prepares comprehensive recovery plans, encourage
investment and innovation, rebuild destinations and so on. The tourism industry developed
information apps for visitors so that they can get knowledge about the restrictions on the
particular places while visit.
In context to the hospitality industry, one of the solutions adopted by them is using of
innovative technologies as it helps in providing virtual tour of hotels to customers due to which
they believe that they can stay within the hotel and is safe for them as well. In addition to this,
the hotels provide high discounts and develop creative packaging which adds value to consumer
without costing them high (Hao, Xiao and Chon, 2020). Another effective and popular technique
used by hotels is to develop new revenue streams that are food and beverage or spa. This help in
attracting customers towards buying service of hotels. Apart from this, hotels are focused on
maintain their service levels and did not reduce standards. The guest are very sensitive to change
but providing high quality of services help in attracting and retaining them in this pandemic
situation also. Furthermore, the hospitality industry make use of eco friendly products which
help in protecting the environment and developing positive mindset of customers towards the
brand due to which they prefer to consume services of hotel. This also helps hotels to gain
sustainability in this pandemic situation (Jung, Jung and Yoon, 2021). The digital advances such
as robotics, artificial intelligence as well as adoption of smart destination reshape the purposes
and are significantly assist in avoiding face to face contact with customers. All this solutions help
both tourism and hospitality industry to deal with the situation of COVID-19 and remain
effective at marketplace.
One of the effective solution adopted by tourism industry is adoption of sanitary
measures which is one of the major concern of people in the present time period. This also help
tourism companies to attract large number of customers as safety is the important aspect for the
customers (Smart and et.al., 2021). Another solution is bringing of new idea or innovation that
fulfil the demand of customers. The innovative ideas assist companies to get on track rapidly and
allow to gain competitive edge that is important in order to gain growth and success (Kim and

Lee, 2020). Apart from this, there area also other measures such as contactless payments,
digitalisation and so on. All this solution and strategies help tourism and hospitality industry in
dealing with the situation of COVID-19 pandemic in an appropriate and effective manner.
C) Justification and contextualization
Why is your research important?
This investigation is significant as it puts focus on the impact of COVID-19 on productivity and
profitability of Tourism and Hospitality industry. In addition to this, it assists in understanding
the challenges faced by hospitality and tourism industry due to this Pandemic and the strategies
hotels and tourist companies adopt to deal with this situation and to reach on the normal position
(Yeh, 2020). This investigation is also significant as it shows that how Hospitality and Tourism
industry brings innovation and focus on health and safety of its customers.
Moreover, the implications of COVID-19 on the global economy are also undertaken in this
study.
Why is it important to find what you are trying to find?
It is important for investigator to identify the impact of COVID-19 on hospitality and tourism
industry at global level as it helps in increasing knowledge about issues faced by respective
industry due to Covid-19. This pandemic makes Hospitality industry operations and activities
down and many of the organization is permanently closed as they are not able to perform and
sustain at marketplace. COVID-19 affect Tourism industry adversely which is not easy to
recover and is also facing many losses (Kim, 2020). Gaining of information about impact of
Covid-19 on hospitality industry and tourism industry will help in improving knowledge about
strategies used by such industries to cope up with these issues in an effective manner.
How will it build on the existing body of evidence?
For conducting investigation, researcher has used secondary methods. It is an approach that is
adopted for systematic investigation and herein, investigator mainly depends on the information
which already exists in the environment. In addition to this, the research information is sourced
from journals, Internet, reports, textbooks from different organization. The information is also
available online, Internet sources and many more. It is stated that investigator first studies and
analyze information and then apply its knowledge within the research. Thus, secondary research
depends on the information which has given by the primary research.

In addition, it helps investigator in conducting systematic research and aid researcher to use their
knowledge to give direction to the investigation.
Is it timely? Does it respond to an existing need? What makes it so?
Yes, time is one of the important factors for investigator to complete dissertation. In addition to
this, it is significant for researcher to conduct all the activities timely and effectively because
every research is conducted to satisfy requirement of situation and is fulfilled when investigation
has been conducted within stipulated time (Bas and Sivaprasad, 2020). Thus, for researcher it is
vital to work as per the time given. For this, Gantt chart which is an effective time management
tool will be used by researchers to manage activity. It is a bar chart that is mainly used to plan
projects of various sizes and shows activity or work associated with time. This chart also
involves starting time and the ending time of activity.
Moreover, it clearly shows the activities of project, starting date of project, duration to complete
task, people working on task, completion date of project and many more. Therefore, time is one
of the essential factors to attain objectives in an effective and timely manner.
D) Methodology
The methodology section is used for determining the process of data collection as per the
laid aims and objectives. The main objectives of the research are to analyse the consequence of
covid-19 on the global markets and the impact of covid-19 over productivity and profitability of
travel and tourism industry. The section is going to analyse the different methods of research that
are to be approached for the purpose of analysing the overall aims and objectives of the laid
research topic.
Research Paradigm- It is defined as an approach or model to research which is undertaken
the substantial number of investigators in the field based on practiced and verified for longer
time. There are mainly two forms of research paradigm that is Interpretivist and Positivist. In
context to Positivist, it is the finding of one study to another of same nature regardless of
environment and it is quantitative method (Rutynskyi and Kushniruk, 2020).
On the other hand, Interpretivist is not mainly a finding of one study to another and is a
qualitative method. For conducting the study, positivist research paradigm will be adopted by
investigator as it supports in gathering as well as evaluating information in quantitative manner
that take less cost and time.

It is defined as the model or approach that is used by the investigator based on the present
practices and is verified for longer time duration. Paradigm indicates a pattern or model that
includes themes, ideologies and mindsets. It provides a different ways of looking at various
sources of assumptions. There are mainly two types of research paradigm that includes
interpretivist and positivist. In context of positivist it is related to finding one’s study with
respect to the related environment by application of various methods. In present research report
there will be use of interpretivism method for the purpose of applying qualitative methods in
order to evaluate the information.
Justification: This method is selected for the present research work because it is going to
support in the purpose of collecting and evaluating the quantitative form of information. It is
going to help in effective utilisation of present resources available with the researcher. In this
method there will be used of available secondary sources of information for the purpose of
analysing it with the application of interpretivist research paradigm.
Methodological approach: It is considered as an approach which is followed by
investigator to collect as well as evaluate data on the topic. There are mainly two types of
approaches in collection and data analysis that is deductive and inductive. It is stated that both
approaches are effective, but as per the research topic, investigator uses deductive approach as it
is quantitative in nature and assist in evaluating information which is in numerical form. In
addition to this, it helps researcher in acquiring more reliable and relevant information in less
time and effective manner. On the other hand, inductive approach is not appropriate as it collect
information in qualitative manner which take high cost and time (Nazneen, Hong and Ud Din,
2020) Therefore, deductive method is valuable and useful in this dissertation for attainment of
objectives in timely and effective manner.
It is an approach that is used by investigating for the purpose of collecting and evaluating
the data on a specifically topic (He and Harris, 2020). There are mainly two types of approaches
that can be used for the purpose of collecting data and making analysis that includes inductive
and deductive analysis. In the present report both the results are effective but as per the
requirements of secondary sources of information they will be use of qualitative method of
information. This method is going to help researcher in conducting the research in less time
period.

Justification: In the present resort report inductive approach is going to assist researcher in
collecting the qualitative form of information. As per the laid aims and objectives and the overall
requirements of resource this method is going to assist in completing the research in provided
time period.
Methods: It is one of the important parts of research methodology and is of two types that is
qualitative and quantitative method. Both these methods are used for identification, collection,
selection, and analysis of data on specific topic. For conducting the present dissertation,
investigator uses qualtitative method as it assists in gathering information which is not in
numerical form and is also help in attaining valid results in less time.
On the other hand, qualitative method involves more time as well as resources, and is also not
effective in this investigation as it collected from interviews. Thus, qualitative method is
appropriate for conducting dissertation.
Techniques: There are various forms of techniques available to investigator to conduct
research. Some of the techniques are interviews, questionnaires, focus group and many more. For
the present research, there will be collection of information fom secondary identified sources that
is journal articles, books, online avialable sources.
There are different types of techniques that are available to a researcher for the purpose
of conducting research work. It includes various techniques that are focus group, interviews,
questionnaires and many other such related techniques. In the present research, there will be
collection of information from identified secondary sources that includes books, online available
sources that includes identified journal articles.
Justification: In the present research report all these techniques will be applied for the
purpose of preparing literature review that is going to assist researcher in completion of the
research work as per specified requirements. It is also going to help researcher in in conducting
the research as per specified laid objectives.
Sampling: It is defined as the procedure of selecting sample size from the overall population
to conduct the investigation. Probability and non- probability sampling are the two significant
techniques used at time of selection of sample (Prayag, G., 2020). It is stated that both techniques
are important but for conducting the investigation probability sampling is applied by researcher
as it enables them to select large sample size within less time.

Data analysis: It is the process by which investigator analyzed collected information
through qualitative and quantitative method. For conducting the study, there will be use of
thematic analysis as a technique for the purpose of analyzing the qualitative for of information.
In the process of analysing the available data that will be collected to application of
qualitative method there will be use of thematic analysis. In this method there will be use of
various different sources of available information through online medium. Further, identified
graphs charts will be used to analyse the trend that are associated with the lid aims and objectives
in the course of research work.
Access and ethics: For conducting the investigation, researcher should have access
within the organization and is required to follow parameters of ethics. For secondary information
researcher gather from journals, Internet, books, publications and many more. Ethics are
basically the principles which must be followed by investigator to conduct research in a
systematic and proper manner. Some of the principles of ethics are justice, veracity, integrity,
autonomy, confidentiality and so on. All these principles are used by researcher in completing
every activity of dissertation within ethical and proper manner.
In the course of conducting the present investigation researcher has to ensure that there is
proper accessibility of the identified sources. The online available sources will be accessed by
the researcher through online modes using internet as a source. Ethics are the basic principles
that have to be followed by the investigator in conducting the research in a more systematic and
appropriate manner (Bucak and Yiğit, 2021). For the purpose of collecting information authentic
and reliable sources that are available online have to be identified by the researcher. Apart from
these major principles of ethics that are to be followed by the researcher in context of present
research work are integrity, confidentiality, veracity and autonomy. All the information and data
that will be collected related to various organisations will be kept confidential and private. The
overall collected information will be used only for the purpose of this research work. All these
principles are going to assist researcher in completing the different activities in the process of
research work as per specific requirements.
Advantages and limitations:
For conducting this dissertation, research strategy which is used by investigator is survey and, in
this questionnaire, technique is adopted that involve advantages such as it assists in conducting

research as well as gathering information in quantitative form. In addition to this, it consumes
less time of researcher and assist in reaching large number of participants.
On the other hand, researcher face many limitations at the time of conducting results such
as coordination with other factors, lack of resources and many more (Sobaih and et. al., 2021).
For the purpose of conducting the dissertation, research strategy is based on collecting
information through secondary sources of information. This technique involves various benefits
such as it is going to assist in the process of collecting qualitative form of information. There are
many associated limitation that is related to availability of information from secondary sources.
It created difficulty in the process of having sufficient sources of information because of limited
information that is available on online mediums.
There are also associated limitations that may arise in the course of research work related to
coordination between the various team members, lack of resources in terms of financial human
and technological resources and such type of associated limitations.

Analysis evaluation of results
Theme 1: Implication of COVID -19 over the global economies
(Source: Coronavirus impact on financial markets and economies, 2021)
From the above graph the overall potential impact of coronavirus on global GDP can be
observed. With the falling down of exports and imports has created a significant damage to
growth in the first quarter of cross gold and lead to decline in the global GDP. In context of
banking industry there is a forecasting of potential impact of coronavirus can causes on the
global economy. The graph clearly indicates that there will be reduction in the global cross
domestic product by 0.2 to 0.3 percent points.

Theme 2: Impact of COVID-19 over productivity and profitability of Hospitality and Tourism
industry
(Source: Forecasted change in revenue from the travel and tourism industry due to the corona
virus (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide from 2019 to 2020)
The travel and tourism industry is most affected by the covid-19 virus in Europe. From
the bar graph there is decreased from 21 1.97 billion US dollars in the year 2019 to a roughly
figure of 124 billion US dollars in the year 2020. This shows that pandemic has massively
affected the travel and tourism industry. In addition to this, it is important for organisation
associated to tourism industry to focus on developing strategies that help in maintaining
performance rapidly. In addition to this, it is analysed that COVID-19 has affected the economy
as the major source that government gained for growth and development is from tourism and
travel industry. Decline in almost 80% of revenue of travel industry is not easy to cover and
because of this many of the companies were shut. Therefore, the above graph show that there is
high decline in the revenue of travel and tourism industry as compare to the previous years.

Theme 3: challenges faced by Hospitality and Tourism industry due to current pandemic
(Source: New Challenges and Technical Solutions for the Hospitality Industry in the Context of
Pandemic, 2021)
From the above graph it can be clearly observed that hospitality organisations are facing serious
issues that are 60% are dealing with the increased frequency of cleaning and disinfecting
procedures. 39% of the digital and its towards public spaces arrange for social distancing, 35%
for contactless payment percent for temperature check 26% for key locks activated to be smart
phone, 23% for sales service and 20% for digital messaging applications. All these are major
trends that are affecting the situation of present hospitality trends in the context of pandemic.
Theme 4: Solutions adopted by tourism and hospitality industry for dealing with the issue of
Covid-19
It is analyze that there are various solutions adopted by tourism and hospitality industry
in order to deal with pandemic situation. These are adoption of new technology, development of
eco friendly products, development of packages, lifting travel restrictions, development of
information apps for visitors, increase safety and protection, encourage investment and
innovation, rebuild destinations and many more. It is important for hospitality and tourism

industry to follow all this solutions as it help in maintaining performance and productivity at
marketplace which is complex in the present time period.
Findings
It is founded from the above discussed information collected from secondary sources of
information. The world travel and tour assembly has cautioned that covid-19 virus can affect the
situation of global GDP in the impending time period. It might own an impact by unkind of 50
million jobs universal in the travel and vacation industry sector. As per Oxford finances study
Asia is predictable to be worst pretentious landmasses and the general data propose that industry
could take centuries to recuperate from this harm (Gössling, Scott and Hall, 2020). Falling with
the travel plans, Quarantine measures and border closures people are not able to move from one
place to another or carry out their heads of that has resulted into effect on the daily income.
In case of tourism and travel sector, there is travel ban in terms of international borders
are sealed that has majorly affected the growth of airlines industry and overall tourism sector
including the hospitality sector. This entire situation requires some of the immediate measures
that are to be taken in order to deal with the situation by development of a smart and skilled
labour workforce by the hospitality industry. For the purpose of increasing liquidity there is
requirement of large number of people changing the present industry where there can be quicker
cash flow (Riadil, 2020). In March 2020 with the outbreak of covid-19 in Europe and United
States international tourism came to a fault. In other different locations like Asia economic
growth is expected to be at 0 in year 2020 making the worst growth performance in a time period
of 60 years (Qiu, Li and Li, 2020).

Recommendations
From the above discussed various aspects there are three major recommendations that are
being made to deal with the impact of covid 19 viruses on the tourism and hospitality industry
across different parts of the world.
Mobile check in:
In context of hospitality and tourism sector organisations has a opportunity to create a
online check in system for flights, taxi or food restaurants. It can assist to provide options to
travellers for a simple process of check in to hotels to eliminate necessary human interaction. It
will also assist various hospitality brands learn about the needs of guests eaters and avoid any
type of efficient problems with respect to traditional receptionist system.
Digital messages:
It is suggested that communication is a excellent key that can help tourism sector to serve
their target segment of customers. Nearly 50 percent of customers are not able to report the
issues or problems that they are facing because of no proper medium that is available to specify
such issues. For this purpose development of a digital medium by providing quick reaction to the
problems can be done through development of a digital messaging system by the tourism and
hospitality sector.
Activation by smart phones:
In order to limit the human interaction process. In context of tourism sector the
organisations can work towards enhancing the efficiency, saving of costs by offering the
customers with a faster and secure way of getting into their rooms or flights, this technological
solutions implemented by tourism industry in order to communicate and interact with customers
for longer time period.
Investment in sanitary measures:
It is recommended to tourism companies to invest for safety of customers as it help in
gaining trust and attracting large number of customers that further help in come on track and
maintain performance effectively. Moreover, it is determined that people prefer to consume those
services that safeguard their health. This will also assist in increasing the number of bookings
and deal with the massive situation in an effective manner.
Development of Innovative ideas:

It is suggested to travel and hospitality industry to bring creative and new idea in market
associated to safety of guests or customers as well. One of the idea is contactless booking which
is mostly prefer by all the customers. All this will allow industry to attract large number of
customers and maintain their performance after the pandemic. Moreover, it will also allow
organisation to grab opportunities and retain in this competitive business environment for longer
time period.

CONCLUSION
From the above discussion aspects it is concluded that covid-19 pandemic has affected
different industries in a drastic manner. Many industries are still suffering from the damage
caused because of the impact that has resulted into difficulty to deal with the declining
profitability and productivity of the business organisations. Mainly luxurious sectors and
recreational industries have been severely affected because of the situation. For instance tourism
and hospitality industries are facing major decline in their revenue sources because of the sudden
shift of people towards fulfilling their necessity requirements only (Breisinger and et.al, 2020).
Apart from this the consequences has resulted in to travel bans, Quarantine and lockdown
instances which is completely reducing the situation of connectivity across countries. The entire
situation has resulted into a drastic impact on the economy and labour market through the
tourism sector. Further there is a dramatic reduction in the business activities in the tourism
sector because of the different jobs in the sector affected and large number of workers becoming
return affected for a extended time period. The global exodus can posses a severe impact on the
talent pool and is difficult to recover until there is support of private sector organisations and
government so, that a compassionate approach can be taken to deal with this pandemic situation.
The foreign visitors have cancelled their trips and countries have started losing the borders as a
part of National emergency responses (Faris and Griffin, 2020).
In addition to this, it is analysed that tourism and hospitality industry gain both positive
and negative aspects due to COVID-19. In context to positive aspect, the companies are able to
use and learn about new technologies, using digitalization method, aware about government
protocols and many more. All this will help company to rapidly cover up all the losses and get on
track effectively. In relation to negative aspect, the adoption of sanitary measures arise high cost
to companies which at present is not easy for the companies associated to the tourism and
hospitality industry. Apart from this, it is analysed that there is decline in the economy as tourism
industry is one of the major source and contributor for the growth and development of country.
Moreover, it is concluded that tourism companies are now being shifted towards bringing new
and innovative ideas as it help in attracting large number of customers towards company and
maintain the performance level as well.
Furthermore, it is vital for researcher to adopt and effective method of data collection and
analysis as well as the overall conclusion is depend on it. In addition to this, it also help

researcher to collect data from authentic sources which leads to development of valid and
reliable conclusion in an effective and timely manner. It is determined secondary data help in
gaining in-depth information about research topic which further leads to attainment of positive
results.
The overall objectives and the present research report have been achieved with the
consideration of sufficient secondary information. The limitation of study was the no proper
accessibility of certain confidential information through online or secondary available sources.
The initial Research question was related to consequences of covid-19 on the global market that
was discussed. The second available information is used to analyse the impact of covid-19 over
profitability and productivity of the tourism and hospitality industry. All the issues and solutions
that are used for the purpose of dealing with the impact of covid-19 virus have been very helpful
in completion of research (Stezhko and et.al, 2020).

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Appendix:
Proposal form:
SECTION 2: PROJECT DETAILS
Title of project:
(Please include name of project on participant documentation if
different)
Proposed start date (start
date of actual data
collection):
Please note that
supervisor’s approval can
take some time. Please
submit applications in a
timely manner. Reasons
should be given for late or
retrospective
submissions.
Duration:
2.1. Purpose of the proposed investigation (300 words maximum)
This section should include the material which concisely outlines the rationale for the project, i.e.
why this study needs to be done. This should be done in a way that is both accessible and
scholarly, i.e. have proper cited sources.
You should attach all the research instruments you are planning to use in your research, e.g.
interview questionnaire, online questionnaire template, etc. These should be checked by your
supervisor prior to Ethics application approval.
Please tick the boxes to confirm that
 you have attached all research instruments you intend to use
 you will notify your supervisor of any major changes

2.3. Ethical issues raised by the project and how these will be addressed (500 words maximum)
Ethical issues raised by the project and how these will be addressed:
Points that should be considered include:
 Participants and consent
 Confidentiality and anonymity
 Right to withdrawal
 Deception
 Permissions from organizations involved
 Whether any vulnerable populations are involved (including under 18s) (also see Section 6)
This section should have some comment and not left blank.
Please refer to the Ethics Guidelines for more information.
There are some of the ethical issues that are related to the project and have to be addressed in the
present research report. In the present research the consent of participants have to be taken so that they
are having a voluntary participation. It has to be ensured that participants are informed about the
confidentiality of the information. So that the privacy aspects of all participants are property ensured.
There is permission from organization is taken so that all the privacy issues are properly addressed.
There can also be issues that may arise in the organization that is related with the process of affecting
the confidentiality process in the research work.
SECTION 3: RESEARCH INVOLVING PARTICIPANTS
 You should download the Participant Consent Form template and amend as required (you can
also find it at the end of this document).
 You should also attach any other information to be given to participants.
 You should consider carefully what information you provide to participants, e.g. scope of study,
number of participants, duration of study, risks/benefits of the project. It is recommended that
the participant has two copies of the consent form so they can retain one for information.
 If images or anything else which might allow the identification of participants is to be publicly
accessible (e.g. on the web), further written consent must be secured. A separate section
regarding this should be included on the participant consent form.
3.1. Give details of 1) the method of recruitment and 2) potential benefits or incentives to
participants if any

Please mention whether there will be any financial benefits and give details of amounts involved.
(NB: Please remember that written permission – or in some cases ethics approval – will have to be
sought from any organizations where recruitment is carried out or posters placed (e.g. if you recruit in
GP’s surgeries you may require NHS approval)
Recruitment of participants: The participants have to be recruited directly. In this there will be
internal recruitment that will be used by the researcher. In these method participants that are to be part
of the research will be based on internal recruitment process only. There will be no application of
external methods that can be used by the researcher in the present research work.
Potential benefits: To all the participants who are the part of this research work will be offered with
some reasonable financial benefits. These benefits are based on the level of performance and
contribution made by each individual. In this process the participants will be offered perks, benefits
incentives apart from the monetary basis that will be offered to each participant.
Please tick the box to confirm that you have attached written permission from any organizations where
recruitment is carried out or posters placed
SECTION 4: HEALTH AND SAFETY
4.1. Please give a brief overview of the main risks involved in the project and what will be done
to mitigate them
Health &safety issues raised by the project, including any risks to participants and/or researcher and
sole working. Think of hazards, who can be harmed, how can someone be harmed, number of people
affected, what are the consequences, what are the existing or possible control measures.
You should clearly indicate how these H&S issues will be addressed. This section should have some
comment and not left blank.
 Please discuss these with your Supervisor
Risks and mitigation:

There are some of the issues that may arise in the course of present research report as mentioned
below:
1. There are certain issues that are related with shortage of availability of time period. There can
be scarcity of resources that may also affect the overall quality of the research work.
Resources in terms of financial resources, human resources and technological resources can
use as a impact on the completion of the research.
2. There can be issues that will arise in the course of overall functioning of the Research report
that is related with the conflicts among various team members that may affect the overall
quality of research work.
3. In some situations it made difficult to collect the information from available secondary
sources of information. Identify the sources may be limited that can lead to difficulty in
having sufficient information be used for the purpose of reaching to relevant conclusions. In
the present research there is use of secondary sources of information only that may also lead
to question of reliability and authenticity of the overall research work in course of future
implication of the research.