Organizational Structures: Advantages and Disadvantages

This assignment requires a thorough analysis of various organisational structures, including Line, Functional, Matrix, and others. The student must identify the advantages and disadvantages of each structure, providing specific examples from banking industry practices and theories. The assignment also includes a PESTEL analysis of the banking industry and an examination of innovation as a support function in organisations. A SWOT analysis of Yorkshire Bank is also required, along with an evaluation of online resources related to organisational structures.

BUSINESS AND THE
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Diverse Kind of organizations ...................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
Key business function and their inter-relation ..........................................................................7
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
Pestle analysis of YORKSHIRE bank and its impact on organisation.....................................11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................14
Swot analysis of YORKSHIRE bank and their external relationship with macro factors.......14
Explaining the interrelationship of the macro and micro factors that are affecting
YORKSHIRE bank...................................................................................................................16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Business environment comprises all the internal and external factor that affect an
organization's function and decision making, directly and indirectly. Internal factor is
manageable by business where external factor is inevitable in nature. Manager can minimize the
negative affect of macro elements by taking precautionary measure and actions. YORKSHIRE
is a private bank which render all the financial and banking service like saving accounts facility,
loans, insurance and mortgage credit card facility. Online, net, telephone, ATM and post office
services also given by to its target customer. Present study will describe kind of organisation and
interrelation between various business units, which collectively aimed to achieve organisation
goal. Report will cover the knowledge of impact, that macro and micro factor put upon business.
YORKSHIRE banks External (PESTLE) and internal (SWOT) will also be done.
TASK 1
Diverse Kind of organizations
Organisations are dissimilar from each other because of their different structure, purpose,
serving area, size, specialisation, environment, and culture.
Public organisation
Business entity which get its funding from government and operates by state are called
public organisations. Revenue of company's are generally invested for public welfare,
infrastructure, and other capital project (Effiom, Kwabena and Precious,2015). Statutory
corporation come into existence by low enacted by parliament and state legislatures. They deal
majorly in primary sector. BBC is one of the largest public sector broadcast service provider in
UK.
Advantage
 Easy to get fund and finance as people trust government.
 Great opportunity for growth and expansion as it has government support and sound
financial position.
Disadvantage
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 Business demand more legal compliance to follow as protection of shareholder also a
prime concern.
 Company need to render high transparency in all the detail and information as its data
and reports as to put on public domain.
Private company
It covers all the Firm, whose prime concern is to get high profit and retain earning. It has
to register itself under The Companies Act 2006. It has to pay corporate on total income. This is
most popular business form currently uses in UK because in case of financial loss, repayment to
creditor is limited to company only. Members do not have to sell out their own asset for this.
They are more interested in primary and tertiary economic pillars. Morrison supermarket plc is a
private firm. Advantage of private organisation are, It has legal entity as it is register in company
act, which Added credibility. This creditworthiness helps in raise fund from capital and money
market. And its certain problems too which are Private business entities have to pay certain
annual fees, which enhances the obligation burden in case of bad profits. Some business
activities and operation render tax benefits and subject to comparatively lower corporation tax.
Private organisation can be divided into two major categories on the basis of ownership as sole
proprietor and partnership. Morrison supermarket plc is one of the large private organisation in
UK.
In sole proprietor, an individual can open its business, operates it's all activities by own or
by employing people in firm. This individual is solely accountable to any kind of loss. It is not
required to register personal business in company act, but it should have HMRC (Her Majesty's
Revenue and Customs) registration number for self Assessment along with national insurance
number(NI). HMRC collects income tax on it's earning (Aryati and et.al., 2018.). Generally it
works in secondary (manufacturing, construction and engineering sector) and tertiary (education,
business consultants, hospitality industry and computer programming services). Sole properties
firms Easy to start and operate. Easy to control, fast decision making and lower accounting cost
as one can maintain account by own without taking help of professionals. Problem in raise fund
as larger lenders have lack of trust on these. It is considered as small and week establishment
because large company viewed as more credible and professional in approach. Tessa Scott
recently owned a cupcake business as individual business.
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Partnership is same as sole proprietor but it has only difference that here two and more
than two people are owner of the firm. Profit being shared among these, which considerer as
their income. Each has to pay income tax on their income. Arrangement of capital are done
though self finance only (Besley, 2015). It also, divided into three kinds as 'ordinary, limited and
limited liability partnerships(LLP). These business works in secondary and tertiary sector. They
also, have partnership with government for primary sector activities (mining, agriculture,
infrastructure and natural resources' industry). Render good decision making as brainstorming is
performed by more than one person. Business as a whole does not need to pay tax on its profit,
as individual has to pay on their income. High potentiality to arrange money than individual
business with limited shared of profits. It has High chances of interpersonal conflicts which can
lower the decision making speed. When a partner leave and join the company, valuation is done
again and again. And, it a costly process. Jamie's Plumbing is partnership firm owned by Smith
and Jamie Johnson. It renders plumping and kitchen, toilet fitting and repairing facility to its
customer
Voluntary organisation
It's second name is community sector and third sector. These companies are neither
having profit generational objective nor they are funded by government. Also, they have less
capital in hand (Kolk,2016). These firm render social care and welfare services like free
education, medical, law consultation. Charitable trust, foundations , NGO's, and cooperatives are
comes under this. Red Cross is one of the biggest voluntary firm in UK, which service medical
care for free and required essential service like food, water, medicines, blood in emergency
situations.
Advantage
 As it has volunteers in human capital and grants in material, organisation has less
overhead charges.
Disadvantage
 It is difficult task to avail fund and volunteers to run business seamlessly.
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There is direct relation can be seen in organisation objective, scope and size with its goal.
When a business works for social causes it does not take make for growth and expansion, which
required less money requirements. It can manage its capital arrangements from grants and
donation. These companies do not take care about public money interest. Government gives
option to this voluntary organisation use minimum legal structure.
A large size organisation need more money for working capital and growth and
expansion. In such case they will go for public offering (Lee and Klassen,2016). Government
instructs these organisations to follow well defined legal structure. Big size enterprises need wide
legal structure as they have to control wider area of function and vice versa.
Scope means business expansion, diversification and growth potentiality of firm, which
highly depend on financial position. Week position is threatened to scope and vice versa. Legal
structure depends on size of the firm and pre decided legal compliance for company. Following
table shows the objective, scope and legal structure complexity in three kinds of firms.
Dimension Pubic Private Voluntary
Objective BBC 's vision is committed to
fulfil public value written on
Royal charter and agreement.
It also tries to be most creative
broadcast service organisation
in the world.
Profit maximization and
increase business capacity.
YORKSHIRE bank's All
branches strive to render real
value to customer, for their
relation with bank. It also
deigned various product as per
the need of customer to help
them in saving.
Social welfare and earn
only required money. Red
cross's Fundamental
principle also convey its
purpose and vision, they are:
voluntary service
impartiality, independence,
humanity, unity, and
neutrality universality in
society.
Size Large size organization which
run its business In domestic
country only. (BBC) but these
organisations can further
enlarge their size as well as
They are Large size company
who also interested in set up
the business in multiple
countries(YORKSHIRE).
There are small private
Small and large size
organization like Red Cross
and NHS. Though Red
Cross currently working in
190 countries, which
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product line, when it acquired
the needed capacity. BBC
nowadays become a
globalised organisation.
company are too, who perform
business in domestic country
only.(Hakim Group)
remove the general
assumption of limited scope
of voluntary Firms.
Scope High to medium scope
potentiality. Public sector
expand its market by going
threw merger, acquisition ,
joint venture and. BBC not
only expand its working area,
it now successfully enter in
different digital services like
radio and online services.
High to low possibility of
expansion. Private firms
mostly chooses franchises
option, when they want to
expand within domestic
boundaries (Maclachlan and
Joye, 2017). Joint ventures, are
done for enter in new market.
YORKSHIRE bank's also
enlarge its product basket like
saving account, mutual fund
and other financial service.
Medium to Low capacity to
expand. They also use joint
venture and merger.
Legal structure Public company
(Departmental undertakings,
Public corporations,
Government company, and
statutory corporations) and
Partnership with private
company (PPP model)
Sole proprietor, partnership,
limited liability
partnership(LLP)
A Trust and Limited
Company. Trust are made
for clear purpose (here,
social welfare). It develops
formal relation between
stakeholder I.e. trustee,
donor and beneficiaries.
TASK 2
Key business function and their inter-relation
An organisation chose organisational structure as per its size and requirement. For
instance, large size firm use functional structure small size can reply on line structure.
Line organisation
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It is traditional and simplest form of authority, in which flow of information and order flows
from top to bottom. Company which is not render specialised service and supportive service are
comes in it. All the department under this, directly comes under the higher authority. Generally
public sector organisation uses this one.
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Illustration 1: Line organisation structure
(Sources: 8 Types of Organisational Structures: their Advantages
and Disadvantages, 2018 )

Functional organisation structure
In this structure authority is delegated to specialised personnel. These head personnel
comes under the main line manager. Unity of command is being ignored to maintain efficiency
the work. This structure are used in organisation which offer specialised service to customer.
Private sector follow the functional structure to maintain its different operation function. Like
Morrison supermarket plc has marketing, finance, human and IT department heads.
(Sources: 8 Types of Organisational Structures: their Advantages
and Disadvantages, 2018)
Business function comprises all the activities, process and function performed by
organization to meet its vision, mission and objectives. These key business operations can be
divided into two classes i.e. core and supportive business activities. Core function works closely
to organization's strategic goal, Where, supportive business activities facilitates aid to smooth
delivery of final goods and service and render help in accomplish the primary activities. These
business function work together for business objective like they produce the standard product,
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Illustration 2: Functional organisation structure

maintain the quality, innovation, put their efforts to increase sale, marketing research, develop
technological competency.
These contributory element help in achieve the firm goal. Like innovation render
increases competitive advantage and technology enhance the customer satisfaction. Customer
satisfaction increase the market share too(Nicolescu,2015). HRM maintain employee's
competence, efficiency, morale and motivation and, motivated human capital participate more in
business function. They also use their individual learning for organization's sake, which
eventually can be seen in improved service, lower mistakes and controlled cost.
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Marketing and operation function
Marketing department conducts market research, campaign management, product
promotion, customer research, competitor's analysis, business environment evaluation, branding,
segmentation, targeting and position. These marketing roles help an organisation in product
development, improvisation and innovation. For instance company changes its store decoration
and setting as per the recent trend and choice of customer. These changes are made on the basis
of market research. Market research identifies that people are interest in self check in and check
out service, they do not want to waste their time on long payment queues. So supermarket
company tries to install all the latest technology regarding it.
Marketing team successfully identifies the opportunity, which gives birth to flexible long
term buying experience, where customer can enter shopping by apps, even store now have sensor
and face recognisance technique. These technologies help in seamless buying to customer.
Marketing team of company render all the latest scheme, update, information and anouncemenet
of organisation's policy on different promotion platform (OZER and KILIÇ,2017). Marketing
team can not move one step ahead when operation team does not cooperate with it. Like
company's thinking tank design the service and product as per the knowledge given by team. If
they do not follow the suggestion, not only marketing team will fail to meet its sales target but
firm will face probability concern soon.
HR and other business function
Like other business Morrison supermarket plc also need human capital to manage its
activities and to maintain healthy relationship with customer. Customer satisfaction need soft
communication, conflict management, interpersonal relation and other skills. company's HR
render training and development, on the subject where its personnel are lacking. HR maintains
the efficient human capital by recruitment and selection. People are nourished by best HRM like
talent management, fair performance appraisal and motivation. HR try to maintain the optimum
balance of old and new working people(Pearson,2017). On the other hand marketing, operation
and IT teams render HR information about the latest skill, knowledge and experience
requirement so that HR can make effective job description, job role and job specification.
Marketing team also help human resource department to attract the best talent from market by
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showing their outstanding services. People want to attach their name with supermarket by
viewing the happy people of bank.
IT and other department
Firm's Information technology department responsible to make software, technical
solution, development of customer friendly user interface, troubleshooting the problems, design
company website, install and set up computer in organisation, ensure smooth internet connection,
repairing of hardware and software. IT department also provide the training banking employee
for new technologies(Kolk, A., 2016).YORKSHIRE different department uses the latest
computer programs like HRIS, CRM, MIS and cloud storage only because its IT professionals.
Marketing team gives information to IT people about marketing mix requirement of customer,
latest terotechnological trend uses in retail industry, so that they can alien their efforts
accordingly. HR department help IT by offering them people with required technical skills.
Finance and other units
Financial department of Firm is accountable to raise fund, investment decision,
arrangement of working capital, maintain salary and overhead expenses accounts, generate
financial statement, important financial reports, get sales targets etc. HR department decide
perks, incentives, salary and other monetary benefits with the help of finance manager.
Marketing team get promotional fund from this department. It also monitors the performance of
team by evaluation its performance time to time. Marketing and finance department are knows
as heavenly matched relation because they are highly depends on each other for sustain.
Marketing team generate enough fund by its marketing efforts, If it fails to generate cash inflow
bank can not perform its single function.
Advantage of inter-relation
 Nice coordination and cooperation among business function help in achieving
organisation goal, vision mission by eliminating obstacles, share information, assistance
to each other, knowledge sharing etc.
 Interrelation of business unit indirectly contributes in quality management Because these
function are interdependent to each other. All the departments keep their eyes on each
other performance and activities.
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Disadvantage of inter-relation
 Because of high dependency, business function has to face domino effect in case of major
errors and mistake(Aryati and et.al., 2018). For instance if marketing team does not
perform its work up to the mark, it will lower the operational function performance.
 It will lower the morale and motivation of sound team member, when their work is get
effected by other poor business unit.
 There is high chance of confit among different work force in case of different opinions.
TASK 3
Pestle analysis of YORKSHIRE bank and its impact on organisation.
Pestle analysis is an effective strategic tool which helps to analyse the macro
environment of the organisation that can affects its growth and operations. However, it can be
said that these factors have both positive and negative impact on the business operations. The
Pestle analysis of YORKSHIRE bank are as follows:
Political: This factors plays very important role in the context of banking and financial sectors.
Bank has to face different government rules and regulations in country which impacts its growth.
Level of corruption, political stability, taxation are some political factors that affects
YORKSHIRE bank. The current scenario of Brexit has affected the overall political as well as
business uncertainty which creates a political instability that have direct impact on banking
sector as well (Joshi, Singh Ubha and Sidhu, 2012). It has been seen that, the level of
involvement of government in bank operations are very high. These political factors have both
negative as well as positive impact:
Positive:
After referendum in 2016, government has made several policies in order to raise the
banking services to strengthen the financial stability of country. However, if the government
policies will be stable, government policies will help to support the financial operations of
YORKSHIRE bank.
Negative:
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Brexit has affected the political laws and regulation which has affected the financial
services and operations of YORKSHIRE bank. Increasing in taxes and regulations are affecting
the revenue and profitability of bank. The regulations from bank of England has imposes certain
restrictions which has to be followed by YORKSHIRE bank. Increasing in the 8 percent
surcharge on profit is affecting the overall revenue which affects the growth oh the banking.
Economical: Banking sector and economy of UK are interrelated to each other. The economical
conditions of the country has direct impact the amount of capital bank can access (Banking
Industry PESTEL Analysis , 2019 ). The economical factors also influence the spending power of
customers and their needs to the loans from bank. There more economical factors which does
affects the profitability and growth of YORKSHIRE bank. The inflation rate, exchange rate of
currency, the skill level of employees in country, business cycle stage etc. are economical factors
which can affect YORKSHIRE bank. These factors have both positive as well as negative impact
on the operations of YORKSHIRE bank:
Positive:
Due to the increasing inflation rate in UK will impacts the bank to charge high interest
rates which helps them to earn more profit (Kolios and Read, 2013). Increasing in the
employment rate will assist the bank to have more skilled labour which will increase the
productivity.
Negative:
The uncertainty and risk on economic condition of UK post- Brexit are creating
challenges for YORKSHIRE bank. Declining the value of Ponds are affecting the FDI and
investment of bank in other country. Increase in inflation also affects the spending power of
consumer which affects their requirement of taking loans from bank due to high interest rate.
The declining economy of UK is affecting the profitability and growth of YORKSHIRE bank.
Social: Cultural influence can be the factors that includes change in people's lifestyles, social
mobility, their buying and spending habits, necessities and their needs to use the banking options
such as taking loans are some factors that affects the growth of YORKSHIRE bank (Halik,
2012). It can be said that, the changing perception of consumer towards the banks and banking
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sectors also affects the growth of YORKSHIRE bank. Although this factors has both negative
and positive impacts:
Positive:
Increase in the use of credit and debit card specially in the millennials helps in increasing
the revenue of YORKSHIRE bank. Businesses in UK are also taking access from banks and
takes loans for their capital investment which is the main source of earning for YORKSHIRE
bank. The rise in ageing British population is one of the demographic change that will affects the
operations of YORKSHIRE bank in financial market.
Negative:
Increase in technology helps consumers to buy products easier without taking assistance
from banks which affects its operations. Increasing in the inflation rate has affects the spending
power their requirement to take loans from bank. People nowadays have less trust on banks thus
they are opting for other opportunities in market which are affecting the growth of
YORKSHIRE.
Technological: the technological factors are the adaptation of the new technological changes
which assist in growth of YORKSHIRE. The technological factors that are important for
YORKSHIRE to consider is technological development by the competitors, impact on offering
services, its impact on value chain structure in sector etc. the positive and negative impact of
technological factors are:
Positive:
YORKSHIRE has started new Information technology department responsible to make
software, technical solution, development of customer friendly user interface, troubleshooting
the problems, design company website, install and set up computer in bank, ensure smooth
internet connection, repairing of hardware and software. It will assist in increasing the operations
and consumer services of YORKSHIRE (Widya Yudha, Tjahjono and Kolios, 2018). Use of
internet has also increase the service offering to the customers.
Negative:
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implementing technology in business operations will increase a heavy burden as banks
has to invest a lot. YORKSHIRE has to aware about the technology that is being adapted by the
competition which can affects its sales and profit.
Environmental: It can be said that baking activities has barely related to environmental factors.
Since there are some factors which influences YORKSHIRE growth. With the increase in use of
technology, leads to reduce paper use. The use of mobile app and bank websites leads to reduce
the individual environmental footprints. The use of renewable electricity has to comply by law
which also impact the goodwill of YORKSHIRE bank.
Legal: Different laws and regulation imposed big factors that are affecting operations and growth
of YORKSHIRE bank. Legal risk are very high for YORKSHIRE as Bank of England has strict
laws and regulation which also leads to imposed fines and penalties on fraudulent activities
financial services (Manacorda, and Grasso, 2018). It affects the operations of YORKSHIRE in
UK. The bank is also affected by several employment laws are another legal factors. It can be
said that Banks are the heavily regulated area where compliances requires a lot of focus and
spending. Laws imposed to charge 8% on profit of YORKSHIRE affecting the profitability and
growth of YORKSHIRE bank.
TASK 4
Swot analysis of YORKSHIRE bank and their external relationship with macro factors.
Swot analysis is an essential tool which assist in identifying the internal strength and
weaknesses and the external opportunity and threat that an organisation have. It is a marketing
tool which helps in analysing various strategies through which YORKSHIRE can make effective
decision for its operations (Kumar, Rao and Kusuma, 2018). The SWOT analysis of
YORKSHIRE bank and their impact on decision making are as follows:
Strength:
YORKSHIRE bank has the strong financial position and has maintained a strong credit
position which helps the bank to reduce its bed-debt. Reducing bad-debt is essential to show a
substantial increase in the quality of its assets. The bank has achieved an award for best new
current account which helps in increasing its reputation in market which increases its market
share. It provides vast range of services to business and public.
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As YORKSHIRE bank has good financial position and reputation in market, the change
in economic factors and political instability will not affect much to its business operations and
profit. As bank provides vast range of services to its customers, the company has high
creditability and has diverse profile among customers, it assist the bank to connect with the
social factors also (Yorkshire Bank SWOT Analysis, Competitors & USP , 2019). YORKSHIRE
can take decisions to expand its businesses in other services also. Bank can make new decision to
increase its interest rate as it has good brand value among customers.
Weaknesses:
It has been seen that the bank cut many of their employees, which affects the morale of
other employees. The profitability of bank can be affected if the economy recovery will be slow
after Brexit in future. YORKSHIRE bank is reducing some of its branches in London due to
operational costs. Company also does not have any expansion outside UK.
Due to the cut in its employee number, it can affect the legal factors that compiles the
employee protection act to every company in UK. Management has to make decisions to retain
the exciting staff and make strategies to increasing their morale (Shrivastava and Purang, 2011).
Economical factors like inflation can affect the baking operations if its profit will decline in
future.
Opportunities:
YORKSHIRE bank has opportunities to increase its customer base by providing
excellent customer services to its customers. The bank should expand its business operations in
different areas and on global level also in order to increase its customers base. YORKSHIRE
bank should introduce new services in order to attract the customers. It can expand its business
operations through digital technology which also assist in providing excellence customer
services.
Through implementing digital technology, YORKSHIRE bank can come up with the
technological factors. Bank has to consider the social factors in order to expand its operations in
other areas. It can also impact its decision making process, as management has to take various
decisions regarding implementing technology in operations, strategies to innovate new services
in order to attract more customers.
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Threat:
YORKSHIRE bank is facing many threat due to changes in the economic and politic
instability of UK as of Brexit (Prasad, Ravinder and Reddy, 2011). It has increase the risk
interest rate as the market rate will fluctuate. There is risk of foreign exchange rate due to high
inflation rate in UK. Bank is also facing many competitions in market, and threat of new entry in
market.
Explaining the interrelationship of the macro and micro factors that are affecting YORKSHIRE
bank.
The macro and micro factors are interrelated to each other and will affects the business
objectives and its decision making process. YORKSHIRE bank's strength of good financial
position will assist it in from the impact of the political and economical factors like increasing
inflation rate, taxes and other laws and regulation. It helps in maintaining the profit which also
assist the bank in taking decisions to implement new technology and expansion in other areas as
well. As it can be said that bank has an opportunity to increase its services which helps in
attracting more customer will also impact the social factors, as the customer’s demands
excellence services and new technology in banking services. It leads the bank to make decisions
in innovative new services like online banking applications which provides better services and
increase the revenue for business (Wonglimpiyarat, 2014). It helps in achieving the business
objecting to maximize its profitability and market share. The political and economical factors are
posing threat on YORKSHIRE bank, as it can lead to reduce its profit. Bank needs to take
decisions to raise its interest rate and cut the operational cost which assist in maintaining its
profit.
CONCLUSION
By summing up the above report, it can be concluded that business environment is very
essential to consider which can affect the operations and management of the business. The
business environment are comprises of internal and external factors of business that can affects
its operations and growth. The present report has concluded the business environment and its
impact on decision making of YORKSHIRE bank. Different types of organisation and their legal
stricture has been defined in the report. The report has discussed interrelationship different
department of YORKSHIRE bank with its organisational chart. Further, report has analysed the
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way the macro environmental factors can affects the business growth in a positive or negative
way. The report has also analysed the Micro factors which leads to affect the decision making of
YORKSHIRE bank.
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ONLINE
8 Types of Organisational Structures: their Advantages and Disadvantages. 2018 . [Online]
Available through < http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/organization/8-types-of-
organisational-structures-their-advantages-and-disadvantages/22143 >
Banking Industry PESTEL Analysis . 2019. [Online] Available
Through:<https://www.cheshnotes.com/banking-industry-pestel-analysis/>.
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Innovation as an important support function. 2018. [Online]. Available through <
https://www.organizing4innovation.com/innovation-core-business-process-support-
service/>.
Yorkshire Bank SWOT Analysis, Competitors & USP . 2019. [Online] Available
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yorkshire-bank.html>.
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