Analyzing Business Models and Environments

This assignment requires a comprehensive analysis of business models and the environment in which they operate. Using theories from Teece (2010), Osterwalder & Pigneur (2010), PESTEL framework, and an organizational structure chart, students will evaluate how these factors influence strategy and success.

Business and the Business
Environment

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P 1 Various types and purposes of organisations...................................................................1
P 2 Size and scope of range of different types of ventures....................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P 3 Relationship between various organisational functions and their link with its structure.6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P 4 Positive and negative impacts of macro environment on operations of business............8
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P 5 SWOT analysis of BARCLAYS....................................................................................10
P 6 Interrelation of strengths and weaknesses with external macro factors.........................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Business environment is a term that stands for all macro and micro components which
impacts on the functioning of whole organisation including employees, other staff members,
customers, employers or managerial team, norms of business, supply as well as demand, etc.
(Zott, Amit and Massa, 2011). In other words, it can be described as cluster of external and
internal factors that affects on the operations of an enterprise either positively or negatively. The
present report is based on the BARCLAYS. In this report, different types of firms are described
along with their size and scope. In addition to that, positive and negative impact of macro
environment such as political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal
elements is also explained here. Also strength, weaknesses, threat and opportunities of
BARCLAYS is discussed in this assignment.
TASK 1
P 1 Various types and purposes of organisations
Organisation can be simply defined as the foundation upon which the complete structure
of management is assembled. It is associated with building a frame work where whole work is
segmented into manageable components so that target or goals can be attained. The purpose of a
organisation is to serve customers by providing them appropriate products or services and
earning profits from that. In addition to those sectors there are also other firms that fall under
private, public and voluntary sectors which is explained below :
Private sectors : This type of companies are owned and run by a single or group of
people. The main purpose of such type of firms is to earn more and more money by expanding
their business in all over the world (Welford, 2013). Government does not play any role in these
type of corporations. Ventures also attempt to offer good quality products or services to their
potential consumers so that they seek the attention of large number of people towards their
organisation. Cater Allen can fall under the category of private sector firms. Apart from this,
private firms are owned by various types of traders which is explained below :
 Sole traders : They are also known as Sole proprietorship . It is a simple business
structure wherein one person runs and owns the whole business . These persons are
lawfully responsible for each and every aspects of their business and also are
personally liable for the for their finances of business that means they can keep any of
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the profits earn by them and may also have to pay any of their debts from their
pocket.
Some of the advantages of sole traders are listed below :
 Control : Sole traders maintain full control of their firm. No other person do
interference in their work (Wirtz, Schilke and Ullrich, 2010).
 Profit retention : The owner of the business retains all the profit earned from their
business.
 Private data : Information about the trader is kept here private. But in other
ventures it has to be made public after registration with Companies House.
Besides this, there are some limitations of Sole traders sectors which is discussed below :
 Liability : Sole traders are not considered as a detached entity in the eyes of law.
Thus, they are subject to limitless susceptibility. This states that if the business
gets into debt then owner of business is completely liable to this.
 Finance : Sole traders frequently find it hard to invest or raise finance for funding
their business. They have to do struggle in establishing their organisation
(Commander and Svejnar, J., 2011).
 Decision making : The work of decision making is also done alone by the
business owners only. No one is present to for them in this task. Therefore, the
success or failure of the business depends on a single person.
Partnership : Partnership can be simply defined as an organisation whereby two or more
individuals invest their revenue and other resources for starting their business. In this regard,
they segment their works, profits as well as losses equally. Some of the advantages are listed
below :
 It is very easy to set up any business as the start up cost is very low.
 More capitals is present for the business.
 It is very easy to change their legal structure later if conditions are altered.
Some of the disadvantages are also explained below :
 There is risk of conflicts and friction among the partners.
 It is very hard to trust on other person. So the liability of partners for debt of business
is unlimited.
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Effectual legal structure of private sector firms first of all consist of registration process
where all the private based firms have to register and explain the types of business entrepreneur
are going to establish such as sole traders, partnership, etc. (Commander and Svejnar, 2011). In
the case of liability, the owner of business is liable for the whole profits as well as loss of their
business. Here, final decision is made by entrepreneur itself without interference of others.
Personal investment is done by sole traders as well as firms based on partnership. Taxes depends
on their level of income.
Public sector : This sector of organisation is run as well as owned by government bodies.
They are concerned to provide services to public of nation in so that their life style gets
improved. They do not wish to earn more profit but they interest in serving all the needy people.
Government bodies here aims to implement various laws and legislation for providing
fundamental rights to all person living in the country (Trkman, 2010). BARCLAYS can be the
best example of public sector organisation. Main purpose of the venture are listed below :
 Offering health and care facilities in very low charges.
 Facilitating necessary services to the entire society.
 Meeting fundamental requirements of community.
 Providing various public services such as water supply, food supply, toilets,
healthcare services, educational services, etc. which is needed for whole society.
Legal structure of public sector firms are mentioned below :
 Nationalisation : Required to of particular nation and should attain licences from
legal authorities.
 Management : Controlled by government bodies.
 Final decisions : Every norms, policies, legislation, value, etc. are set by advisory
bodies.
 Finance : Revenue is provided by government for maintaining public services.
There are commonly three kinds of sectors in UK such as primary, secondary and tertiary which
is discussed below :
 Primary sector generally deals with getting the raw materials, growing food, etc.
Organisations in this sector involves mining for oil, iron, coal, etc. It also includes
forestry and agriculture.
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 On the other hand, secondary sector refines processes and manufactures. It includes
firms like petrochemical refineries, factories for manufacturing equipments or machinery
and products for customers purchasing .
 While tertiary sectors are those business which deals with distributing and retailing of
manufactured products (Wild, Wild and Han, 2014). This involves transport ventures that
deliver goods by land, air or sea, etc.
Voluntary sector : This is also known as charitable enterprise whose main motive is to
serve poor or needy people. These firms are run by some members of social service and do not
aims to earn profit. Government also do not interfere in their works. Oxfam can be best example
of voluntary sector firm. Some of the purpose of these firms are listed below :
 Main purpose of voluntary sector is do social welfare by serving poor people and
orphans.
 Motto of these firms is also restricting child labour and exploitation of women.
P 2 Size and scope of range of different types of ventures
Every organisation consist of their own scope and size in all over the world. Size and
scope of different companies are described below :
Private segment : This sector is completely owned by an individual or a group of people
that wants to earn a large sum of money by investing very less revenue (Cavusgil and et. al.,
2014). The and scope of several types of private enterprises are as follow :
 Sole traders : This type of firm is run by as single person who is liable for all the risks of
their business.
Scope : The primary scope of these type company owners is to earn high amount of
profits on their investment by expanding their business (Welford, 2013).
Size : It is very small in size and contains minimum shops or stores.
 Partnership : Such type of venture is owned by two or more people and they shares their
profit, works and losses equally.
Scope : They believes in gaining more and more benefits for sharing it in between
partners (Chavis, Klapper and Love,2011).
Size : Medium size business and are regulated by two or more owners.
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'Cater Allen' is the best example of private venture whose main aim is to earn maximum profit
and serve their customers properly.
Headquartered : London, England, UK
Founded in : 1896
Products or services : Banking and financial services
Areas served : United Kingdom
Therefore, as a private company, its main scope is to enlarge their business across all over the
nation or also foreign countries in order to generate more revenue by meeting the demands of
foreign as well as domestic consumers.
Public sector : Such type of firms are owned and controlled by government. They earn
money by the taxes paid by the citizens of nation and that revenue is used for betterment of
whole public. 'BARCLAYS ' is a corporation that fall under this sector which is providing
banking and finance related services to all individual (Chesbrough, 2010). Its operating income
is around £3.230 billion and it earns profit of approx £2.828 billion in the year of 2016 (Wild,
Wild and Han, 2014).
Headquartered : London, United Kingdom
Founded in : 17th November 1690 in city of London
Products or services : Banking and financial services
Areas served : United Kingdom, London, Europe, Russia, India, France, etc.
Voluntary sector : It is also known as non-productive enterprise which works for the
welfare of people. Oxfam is a popular non-governmental organisation that has around 51 stores.
There are more than 3000 members who are cooperating to help poor people. Therefore, the
main scope of this type of ventures to provide required services to poor, old people and orphans.
Limited company : A limited company (LC) is a form of enterprise that limits or
restricts the amount of liability handled by the shareholders of the venture. Here the business
structure is incorporated into a lawfully distinct body (Chow and et. al., 2011). EXAMPLE :
Virgin Atlantic is a limited company operating in UK. Legal structure of limited company are
mentioned below :
 Number of Workers : Minimum 30 or more than this
 Areas covered : Local as well as global
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There are two types of limited company : Private limited ventures and public limited
companies.
Public limited company (PLCs) used to raise their capitals by providing shares to the
common public.
On the other hand, private limited do not offer shares to the general public. EXAMPLE :
Barclays is a public limited company.
TASK 2
P 3 Relationship between various organisational functions and their link with its structure
BARCLAY business clients may be private as well as public firms but they used two
different organisations structures for providing them financial services. It provides loans
facilities to both. But in the case of public organisation, it provide some specific discounts or
charge minimum interest to them. In some case, when loans are not recovered by any one then
government is liable for that. Shortage of money is also full-filled by government bodies. Where
as it provides loans at higher interest to the private companies. And the recovery of loans are also
taken from them only. They do not provide special privileges to these groups. Apart from this,
BARCLAYS also provide financial services to rich people like Politicians, actors, business men,
etc. The main objectives of this company is listed below :
 Offering loans to all kind of clients either from private firms or from public.
 Grow their business so that they can provide their financial services to large number of
people.
 Wishes to maintain a loyal or trustworthy relationship with their customers.
There are different organisational functions which is associated with the core objectives of
BARCLAYS. Some of them are described below :
 Research and development : This ventures consist of a department for doing research
and development activities. Members of this department do the proper investigation of
their clients before providing them financial services so that they can trust on them. For
example, they check their nationality, homes, need of taking loan, their guarantor,
income, etc. (Osterwalder and Pigneur, 2010). By this way, they are trying to know each
and every thing about their clients.
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 Administration : This sector consist of those members who take care and control all the
functions and operations of venture. All the important decisions are made by these
members only.
 Managerial department : This department take care of all the management related
work. Employees present in this sector consist of managers and they are responsible for
looking over the work done by the whole group of the organisation. They act as team
leaders and provide effective training to them in the case of any need.
 Cashier department : This department deals with activities related to the cash. Staff
members take or collect cash from their clients and perform operations as per their
demand like transferring, depositing, etc. of money. Any of the issue related to cash
missing are handled by them only.
 Loan department : This sector mainly deals with offering loans. Employees present this
sector are responsible of sanctioning loan to different customers and firms (Wirtz,
Schilke, and Ullrich,2010). They examine the need of taking loans and various
information of their clients.
 Human resource department : This sector deals with recruitment and selection of
skilled and qualified workers for the enterprise so that work of bank do not get hampered.
They are also having the responsibility of providing training and development
programmes to freshly hired people (Organisational structure chart, 2017). Apart from
that, wages and leave related issues are also handled by them so that employees do not
face any type of people.
 Safety and security department : This sector deals with providing safety and security to
all the operations of bank. Members of these sector provides security to the clients as well
as employees (Cantwell and et. al., 2010).
All the above discussed functional areas are related to the objectives of the corporation as
they all helps in attaining those objectives like gaining trust of customers, expanding their
business, satisfying their clients, etc.
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(Source : Organisational structure chart, 2017)
TASK 3
P 4 Positive and negative impacts of macro environment on operations of business
There are various macro factors that impact positively as well as negatively on the
BARCLAYS which is explained below by doing PESTLE analysis :
 Political factor : BARCLAYS have faced a challenging political environment in the year
of 2016 as government of UK has imposed new regulative capital rules. Government has
also introduced new 8 % surcharge on profitability of bank in January 2016. This
overcharge is considered as more taxing if a bank has an overseas subsidiary (Cavusgil
and et. al., 2014). This is the reason for the adverse impact on Barclay's foreign
subsidiary in Africa. Due to that bank has sold their shareholding from 60 to 50 % in
2016.
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Illustration 1: Organisational structure chart

 Economical factor : The venture is impacted from the uncertainty and economical risk
of UK that exit from Europe. The political implications of leaving the European Union
was depending on the eventual global agreement between members of EU and Britain
(Carroll and Shabana, 2010). This causes the declination in the value of pound sterling in
relation to other currencies like dollar and Euro. For Barclays, Brexit gives various
negative impact on the capital, operations and regulations. Along with that, it also
influences workers, customers and clients.
 Social factor : These factors involves modification in the demographics, social mobility,
living styles, labour, etc. The development of core market in the United Kingdom and
United States is one of the demographic change which is currently affecting Barclays
(Cantwell and et. al., 2010). The needs of people are changing day on day and this is also
influencing organisation in various manner.
 Technological factor : The development and advancement in the technology gives
positive impact on the venture. It aids in accelerating the evolution of banking very fast
and each and every aspect or facet of banking can now be done via online. Some of the
financial innovations involves block - chain technology, robotics automation, biometrics,
etc. are occurred that completely changed the international monetary ecosystem (Carroll,
and Shabana, 2010). These all modern techniques can be used by Barclays as this it aids
in its performance. Customers are also taking privileges of this modernisation in the
technology. They do their some of common activities like depositing or transferring of
money via using online services.
 Legal factor : These factors imposes several types of norms and legislation for the
organisations which they have to follow. This company was suffered from a legal factors
at a large extent. Barclays and four former senior executives were charged with the fraud
in the year of 2017 by the Serious Fraud Office over the dealing of bank with Qatar at the
elevation of financial crises. If Barclays would find guilty then it has to give various fines
and this will also hit greatly to the reputation of this bank (Chavis, Klapper and Love,
2011). The libor scandal of 2012 was happened in organisation and it had paid around
$200 million in the form of fine. Environmental factor : This venture is also recognising the present trends in customers
and governments demanding businesses for reducing their carbon foot print. Barclays is
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making a citizenship plan and thinking to reduce their carbon foot print by giving
reduction in their energy consumption principally via doing sustainable development
funding (MARKETING THEORIES – PESTEL ANALYSIS, 2017).
(Source : MARKETING THEORIES – PESTEL ANALYSIS, 2017)
TASK 4
P 5 SWOT analysis of BARCLAYS
Every organisation consist of some strength and weaknesses. Barclays has also some
capability and weakness that is described below by taking doing SWOT analysis :
Strength : Some of the strength of venture are listed below :
Strength of Barclays Strong presence in the global market : Barclays PLC is having a strong existence as it
recognised internally as a player which is able to dominate the market apparent as per
the facts and figures stated in its financial statements (Chow, and et. al., 2011). This
corporation is presently doing business in more than 40 nations. Hence, it is
empowering itself as a leading international player.
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Illustration 2: MARKETING THEORIES – PESTEL ANALYSIS

 Improved financial standing : According to the annual report 2016, this group is now
more safer, focused, smaller, better capitalised, less leveraged in relation to its position
that was 8 years ago (Chesbrough, 2010).
 Diverse portfolio of businesses and brand visibility : The company is doing business in
various domains and the structure of business involves personal banking, corporate and
investment bank , UK cards, Customer, card and payments, Entrepreneur and business
banking, Barclaycard and wealth international, etc. This venture is also focussing on
strengthening its brand perceptibility.
Some of the weaknesses of the Barclays are listed below :
Weaknesses of Barclays History of controversies : The company is having a prior history of controversies
associated with accuse of revenue laundering, issues liked with the payment of taxes,
support to social policy movement of Africa, dark pool lawsuit in terms of handling of
investors using false materials if marketing, etc. In fact there is another recent
disputation regarding whistle-blowing polices in the year of 2016. It was discovered that
CEO of this venture attempted to recognise the source behind anonymous letters. This
had increased concerns about a senior worker (Commander and Svejnar, 2011). This
was considered as a great mistake from the side of CEO of Barclays. Material legacy : There is a material legacy issues that is still keeping this bank
specially its operational infrastructure and technological structure that requires to be
modernised ad should be cyber resilient. Shortness in returns : Returns achieved by core business of Barclays especially the
segments of investment and corporate in the US are still very short in comparison to that
where it have to be.
 The divestiture of Africa : It is seemed to be very time taking and expensive with
Barclay accepting to pay its African subsidiary that is Barclays Africa Group Ltd, $972
million as parts of its detachment agreement.
Some of the opportunities of Barclays are described below :
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Opportunities of Barclays
 It can still expand their business in various other nations and can get large number of
customers.
 This is one of the bank that is started processing based on the block chain technology.
So it is considered ahead of many legacy banking organisations in terms of giving
benefits from the development occurred in digital banking (Drucker, 2017).
Some of the threats are also available which needs to be consider by Barclays that is discussed
below :
Threats of Barclays
 Uncertainty in the Brexit is treated as threat for all of the banks in UK including
Barclays specially if European Union financial rules profiting banks are with drawn.
 Legal authorities are giving pressure by imposing various norms including new capital
requirements.
 New 8 % overcharge imposed by government on the bank profits and levy in UK is
considered as great threat.
P 6 Interrelation of strengths and weaknesses with external macro factors
Business surrounding is characterizes the powers and factors that influence an association
in a few courses as it influences on its clients or its deals and market picture. There are two
classifications of variables that effect to an association that are micro and macro environment.
Miniaturized scale powers can be control by the association's kin as it is controllable however
large scale factors can't be control so directors make methodologies to deal with the external
factors. Barclays is a very large organization by having its branches across international boarders
whose main objective is to provide financial support to various public and private organization in
order to achieve their long or short term vision (Gecevska, and et. al., 2010). Basically this
organization is expanded across international boundaries due to which external factors have a
greater influence on micro components of enterprise because of their roles and responsibilities in
development of association. Therefore connection amongst intrinsic and extrinsic factors in
different ways are described below:-
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 Political and legitimate powers :- As per the political and lawful changes business
can be influences as managerial team need to make new approaches, principles and
controls so it will affect on providers and advertisers that they will likewise change
their standards and arrangements.
 Social and social components :- Societal and cultural modification influence the
entire business in light of the fact that as indicated by patterns or selection of
multicultural by the general public and additionally forms and patterns influences the
buyer conduct as their needs, needs, taste and inclinations likewise will change.
 Technological factors :- Fluctuations in current products or innovations as it is
adaptable and it can be change as per age group so contenders are taking points of
interest by receiving new innovation and making request (Iskanius and et. al., 2010).
They are likewise pulling in more clients toward their items and administrations.
Advancements helps underway and administrations framework so it can influence on
smooth running business.
 Economical factors :- It is huge power that influences inside and additionally outer
condition of the association. It affect on association's creation and the purchaser's
basic leadership process. This elements incorporate monetary development, financing
costs, trade rates, expansion, discretionary cash flow of purchasers and organizations.
 Natural components or environmental factors :- Maximisation in shortage of
necessary material, carbon impression target set by governments, contamination
targets, business morals and so on these all are the ecological factors as it can be
change as per dynamic environment of an enterprise (Klapper ans et. al., 2011).
Therefore at the end it has been understood that there is major connection between micro
and macro factors. For example; it has been analysed that if there is fluctuation or modification
in norms, acts, rules and regulation of governing bodies then it automatically affects current
policies or strategies used by Barclays for operating their business.
CONCLUSION
From the above based report, it can be concluded that factors present in business
environment is giving impact on the performance of every firm including the Barclays. The
factors like political, environmental, technological, social,legal, etc. is affecting organisation in
both ways positively or negatively which has been explained in this report. In addition to this,
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size, scope, legal structures and purposes of different ventures such as private, public and
voluntary sector is also described here. The strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of
Barclays PLC group has also been discussed in this assignment.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Cantwell, J. and et. al., 2010. An evolutionary approach to understanding international business
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Carroll, A. B. and Shabana, K. M., 2010. The business case for corporate social responsibility: A
review of concepts, research and practice. International journal of management reviews.
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Cavusgil, S. T., and et. al., 2014. International business. Pearson Australia.
Chavis, L. W., Klapper, L. F. and Love, I., 2011. The impact of the business environment on
young firm financing. The world bank economic review. 25(3). pp.486-507.
Chesbrough, H., 2010. Business model innovation: opportunities and barriers. Long range
planning. 43(2). pp.354-363.
Chow, A. T., and et. al., 2011. Broadband network with enterprise wireless communication
system for residential and business environment. U.S. Patent 7,944,948.
Commander, S. and Svejnar, J., 2011. Business environment, exports, ownership, and firm
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Drucker, P. F., 2017. The Theory of the Business (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard
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Gecevska, V., and et. al., 2010. Product lifecycle management through innovative and
competitive business environment. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management.
3(2). pp.323-336.
Iskanius, P., and et. al., 2010. The traditional industry sector in the changing business
environment–a case study of the Finnish steel product industry. International Journal of
Electronic Customer Relationship Management. 4(4). pp.395-414.
Klapper, L., Lewin, A. and Delgado, J. M. Q., 2011. The impact of the business environment on
the business creation process. In Entrepreneurship and Economic Development (pp.
108-123). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Osterwalder, A. and Pigneur, Y., 2010. Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries,
game changers, and challengers. John Wiley & Sons.
Storey, D. J. and Greene, F.J., 2010. Small business and entrepreneurship. Financial
Times/Prentice Hall.
Teece, D.J., 2010. Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long range planning.
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Trkman, P., 2010. The critical success factors of business process management. International
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Welford, R., 2013. Hijacking environmentalism: Corporate responses to sustainable
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for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. John Wiley & Sons.
Wirtz, B. W., Schilke, O. and Ullrich, S., 2010. Strategic development of business models:
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Online
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MARKETING THEORIES – PESTEL ANALYSIS. 2017. Available through :
<https://www.professionalacademy.com/blogs-and-advice/marketing-theories---pestel-
analysis>.
Organisational structure chart. 2017. Available through :
<https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2014/05/15/a-look-at-barclays-
revamped-strategy-and-its-impact-on-the-banks-shares/#6582e8363f17>.
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