This document explains the different types and purposes of organisations, including public, private, and voluntary sectors. It also discusses their legal structures and the size and scope of different types of organisations. The relationship between organisational functions and their link to organisational objectives and structure is also explored.
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Business and the Business Environment
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Table of Contents Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3 P1. Explain different types and purposes of organisations; public, private and voluntary sectors and legal structures......................................................................................................................3 P2, Explain the size and scope of a range of different types of organisations.............................6 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8 P3. Explain the relationship between different organisational functions and how they link to organisational objectives and structure.......................................................................................8 TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9 P4. Identify the positive and negative impacts the macro environment has upon business operations, supported by specific examples.................................................................................9 TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................13 P5. Conduct internal and external analysis of specific organisations in order to identify strengths and weaknesses...........................................................................................................13 P6, Explain how strengths and weaknesses interrelate with external macro factors.................16 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18
INTRODUCTION Business is a mixture of different settings and events including some commercial activities which are performed and executed by companies or individuals as entrepreneurs for motive of profits and attaining the strategic objectives by following all the legal structure and operational guidelines(Alotaibi and Liu, 2017). The Report is divided into two separate parts in which the first segment highlights different types of organisation that exist in the marketplace with their purpose and legal structures and also elaborate on their size and scope. Several functions and their interrelationship that are present in the organisation are also evaluated. The second part of the report is developed on Tesco which is a supermarket store in United kingdoms developed in 1919 by Jack Cohen. The Macro environment of a company is evaluated their PESTLE, SWOT and TOWS model is utilised for understanding the internal and external business environment and knowing the interrelationship among them. TASK 1 P1. Explain different types and purposes of organisations; public, private and voluntary sectors and legal structures Meaning of a Business Organisation: Business organisation is a term that defines a structure and objective of a specific entity that is developed according to be plans and overall external and internal business environment. Every general business is the signed with the focus over two specific objectives that is of earning higher profits and moving towards growth and success by spreading awareness and making that are present in the society. There are numerous types and categories of businesses which are being run in the environment. These business organisations are defined below: Types of Business Organisation: ď‚·Sole Tradersare individuals single handily set up their business which is known as sole proprietorship where the ownership and control of all the business related activities are in hands of single person who is not a separate from the business. In other words an individual who is running their own businesses are known as a sole traders who are responsible and liable for all the liabilities and enjoy the benefits earned. ď‚·Partnershipsis a business setting that is developed by efforts of more than two parties who are known as partners. The relationship between partners is governed and regulated
with the help of a partnership deed also known as an agreement which are signed by all the parties involved in the partnership business which define their specific scope and structure of the partnership along with representing all the responsibilities and role of each partner and their capital investment ratio. ď‚·Private Sector organisationare privately held businesses which are initially started with the smaller level holding small size and scope but with growth and success changes into a large organisation. A privately owned business is small on initial level and therefore there are less than 50 shareholders involved in the business according to United Kingdom the entity is not allowed to trade there shares publicly not even able to exercise any trading activities on any stock exchange. Hilton Hotel is a good example of a private organisation which is dealing at international level. Specifically, the size of a private sector business organisation can be both small and huge based on the business which is performed by the organisation or it also depends on the market in which it is performing like it is local, national or International. Tesco PLC is considered to be a public organisation which also run as a private one because its shares can be owned by public as well. Size specifically based on the different levels like local, national or international, in which a public organisation is performing. On the other hand, the scope of an organisation within private sector is to earn maximum level of earnings through specifically delivering required services to the customers and clients. Including this, the goal private organisation like Hilton hotel is to to become the leader throughout meaning high profit margins within the industry in which it is performing like hospitality sector. ď‚·Public Sector Organisationare most commonly limited liability companies which has the power to sell their shares in stock market and conduct appropriate sharing activities with the help of available stock exchange. Private sector organisation unnecessarily have to maintain a minimum capital of ÂŁ50,000 in United Kingdom and are also responsible for failing their financial returns and records every 12 months by following the respective accounting principles. Over public sector organisations have to get their certificate after readingfromCompaniesHousebeforeconductinganyshareexchangeactivities (Alotaibi, 2016). Crown prosecution is said to be a public sector organisation which specificallyhelpsdifferentindividualswithlegalissues.Crownprosecutionis performing at national level therefore it has great number of employees that are dealing
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with different legal issues. Goal of a public sector organisation is to embrace the living standards of civilians of a country. ď‚·Not for Profit Organisation (Voluntary)are the businesses which are set up in the market with a very different objective from other business entities that is not related with any financial gain and earning profits bringing change in public and in society by providingservicestothosewhoareunabletohaveappropriateopportunitiesfor completing their daily requirements. In present context, Oxfam can be considered as a good example of a not for profit organisation, which also so consider as a charity organisation that helps people who are in need. Goal of a voluntary organisation is to specifically help the people who are in need like vulnerable. Scope of this organisation is to improve the living standards of a group, community or the society. Basically, the size can be both small and large in numbers based on the the area in which a non-profit organisation is dealing. Difference in Types of Business Organisations: BASISPROFIT ORGANISATION PRIVATE ORGANISATION VOLUNTARY PURPOSEThe purpose of public sectorenterprisesas they are government bodies that to seek to deliverappropriate goods and services to topeopleincluding military,police, public,infrastructure and other for benefit of society. Theprivate organisations are the integralpartof country'seconomic systemswhichare privatelyownedby individuals and group of people and running theoperationsfor profitmaking. privatelyowned organisationsarean importantsourceof growthand developmentand The sole purpose and initiative of voluntary organisationisto providebenefitsto thesocietyby enrichingitand withoutany expectationsof returns and profit. the voluntary organisationalso createsocialwealth and works for benefit andimprovementof the society.
generationofper capitaincomeof countryalongwith wideningthe countriesGDP (Batocchio,Ghezzi and Rangone, 2016). SET UP FORExampleofVirgin mobileasapublic owned company and one is the leading UK Challengerbanks. Thefocusofvirgin mobiles is laid on the approach which seat to offer a good value to thecustomersby deliveringa positive contributiontowards the society. Tescoisthebest example of a private Organisationin UnitedKingdom. TescoistheBritish multinationalretail companywhichhas beensittingtolay emphasison generatingahuge range of revenue and income by opening a competitive advantage of its own. CancerresearchUK isavoluntary organisation and they providesocial servicesby conductingresearch andcampaignsfor preventingcancer from the society and spreadingawareness amongst people. SIZEVirginMobileisa largeorganisationit selfholding operationsinhuge size and its employee base is vast and wide spread in those areas wherethefirm operates. Itisalarge organisation operatinginnumber of location worldwide and in huge markets. Cancer research is a voluntary organisationwho have small permanent employee base other enterandleaveon their own will. `
SCOPEThegeographical scopeofVirgin Mobileiswide spreadfromUKto manyother developedand developingmarkets in the world. Same is the case of Tesco,thefirmis establishedinUK and now operating in markets like Ireland, India and others. The scope of Cancer researchin geographicaltermis limited in UK. P2, Explain the size and scope of a range of different types of organisations Difference between Micro, Small, Medium and Large Organisation: BASISMICRO ORGANISATION SMALL ORGANISATION MEDIUM AND LARGE ORGANISATION SizeMicroEnterprisesare smallbusinesssectors where employment level is very low and with low investmentcapital (Belas and et. al., 2018). Smallbusiness Enterprisesareowned byindependentbodies andsmallnumberof workers is involved in it seeking to enhance their businessactivitiesand operationsinorderto forlongrunand increasingtheirsales volume. Mediumandlarge organisationincludes thoseemployees workingasvoluntary membership and mostly involvesthe multinationalbodies holdingthepossibility ofincreasingtheir growthonaveryfast scale. ScopeThescopeofmicro business organisation is in developing countries as they constitute of this typeofenterprisesin largenumberthereall Thesmallsize businessesprivately ownedbusinesses mostlysoleproprietors working in partnerships holdingachanceof Mediumandlarge organisationincludes multinational businesses that work as a part of governmentsectorand therebyearninghuge
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thenecessitiesare compelledbymicro businesses adding value to the economy and buy domainthereinscope forbetterincomeand opportunities. bearingintheirsizes and revenue structure by capturingappropriate opportunities. profits.Thecapitalis keptasideforfuture developmental purposes forseekingtodevelop internalaspectsof company. Number of employees 10 or less50 or less250 or less GoalsGoalofamicrolevel organisationistooon enoughtofulfildaily needsortosurvive withintoday's competitive market. Goalofasmall organisation can be the sameasmicrolevel companies but the major differenceisthey specifically earns more than the micro ones. Goals can be different of both medium and large levelorganisations because, some may have tobecomealeader within the area in which they are performing and someofothersmight not stop themselves by theironlybuttoearn maximumprofits throughexpanding business at International or National level. TASK 2 P3. Explain the relationship between different organisational functions and how they link to organisational objectives and structure. In previous sections it has been identified that there are different types of business organisations that is Private, Public and Voluntary. This business organisations are of different sizes and scope which are separating them from each other into Micro, Small, Medium and Large businesses and
alsotheirbusinesslegalstructureandobjectivesdifferentiatefromoneanother.Every organisation which exist in the marketplace have different functions which ones integrated and complete their respective task contributes to the ultimate organisational goals and objectives with the help of strategical means. Tescois a privately owned entity and considered as one of the largest retailer in United Kingdom holding several operations and departmental units as it is a multinational organisation which is diversifying into different geographical locations serving to customers with its numerous stores. Organisational functions: ď‚·HR department:Tesco PLC, already has an effective HR department which helps company in recruiting the best employees based on their qualifications and skills who fits the vacant seats within the company. ď‚·Finance department:This is said to be the Primal department of Tesco PLC because this department looks into financial books and keeps an eye on all the expenses and profit margins that takes place every year. ď‚·Research and development Department:Another crucial organizational function of Tesco PLC, which helps in analysing the market and pulling out the information about different trends that took place which helps in taking right decisions in order to grab the competitive advantages within Retail industry. Organisational structure:The organisational structure which has been followed by Tesco PLC is hierarchical, which helps company in in rotating the information in a systematic way. ď‚·Tesco Plc. Governance Structure Illustration1: Tesco Corporate Governance Structure, 2016 (Source:Tesco Corporate Governance Structure, 2016) ď‚·Tesco Plc. Organizational Structure
Illustration2: Tesco organizational structure at store level, 2016 (Source: Tesco organizational structure at store level, 2016) Under thissection the organisationalfunctionsof Tesco are elaboratedalongwith their interrelationship with one another (Chaouk, Pagliari and Moxon, 2020). ď‚·Sales and Marketing department-Sales department of Tesco is considered as one of the most important and essential operational unit because the nature of the business entity is of retail running in a competitive environment. Therefore revenue generation is one of the biggest objective of the company and which is fulfilled by sales department of Tesco. Marketing department of Tesco is responsible for several tasks from conducting a market research to building a good brand image of the company in market places to conducting appropriate promotional actions for Tesco. both sales and marketing department of Tesco and their tasks are interlinked because according to the market research conducted by marketing unit and strategic and plans and promotional actions taken by them the sales department and sales individuals develop there sales strategy. It is important that both the departmental units are effectively communicating with one another and integrating the task for bringing a alliance in between there external communication with customers. ď‚·Human resource and Marketing department-The Human resource Department of Tesco a vital role in the organisation with the most appropriate and talented workforce
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alsobyfulfillingthemanpowerneedsofcompany.HumanresourceDepartment undertakes recruitment and selection activities on behalf of Tesco for bringing the best experts and developing appropriate operational teams. Marketing and Human resource Departments tasks are interlinked as the HRM unit will bring the most export marketing individual for the company. therefore it is very important that both the department in units are communicating with one another and fulfilling each others requirements so that the best people can be attracted and employed by Tesco. TASK 3 P4. Identify the positive and negative impacts the macro environment has upon business operations, supported by specific examples. Micro environment refers to the external business environment of an organisation which influences and impacts several activities and decisions of company. Therefore, PESTEL analysis tool is utilised for Tesco to understand all the external factors that are influencing business and operations. PESTEL analysis have six elements which are considered as the key drivers of change leading to respective threats and opportunities available in front of the business existing in the external business environment.Political-Tesco is a supermarket Store in Retail industry holding its headquarters in United kingdoms but operates through more than 12 to 15 other countries leave it exposed to many political elements that can affect the operations and objectives of Tesco. The European union referendum is causing a huge risk for Tesco in relation with the investors and that is imposing a negative impacts on the business. Also currently the UK's political environment is unstable that also imposes a threat and negative impact causing huge political issues which are rising constantly(Chattopadhyay and Bhawsar, 2017). oPositive:Rather than focusing on United Kingdom’s market, Tesco PLC may effectively take into consideration of different growing markets where it can expand its business which would be really very helpful from going through the impact of Brexit. oNegative:The negative impact that came in front due to Brexit was that the market become open which was considered to be the Primal chance for many
foreign business organisations to start performing within United Kingdom which can be taken as a threat for Tesco PLC.ď‚·Economic-CurrentlyinUnitedKingdomtherearetwospecificfactorsthatare negatively impacting the economy which is initialisation of BREXIT deal and outbreak of covid-19 due to coronavirus. It implies that domestic businesses of United Kingdom are severely affected because of the two significant reasons and therefore Tesco is also being negatively impacted due to this economic issues. The economy of United Kingdom is becoming unstable and unpredictable which is causing a threat on Tesco and its operation specifically on profitability and revenue standards of the entity. oPositive:Specifically, outbreak of novel coronavirus also brought ample number of opportunities for Tesco where it can spread its business through online platforms which will not only help company in getting attention of new customers but it will also help existing customers to be loyal. oNegative:Many of the supermarket in United Kingdom and different stores were kept close due to outbreak of pandemic COVID-19, which impacted negatively on productivity and profitability of Tesco PLC.ď‚·Social-The social environment around the globe and more prominently in United Kingdom is unstable and unpredictable because of the regular dynamic changes taking place in customer trends and in overall business operations. Therefore it is not easy to analyse the impact of social factors on Tesco. But the people of United Kingdom are considered as loyal customers and which is a beneficial element of social external environment which is causing a positive impact on Tesco in such conditions as well. oPositive:Organic products are offered by Tesco PLC within its super market which can be considered as a positive impact on brand image of the company in front of the society and its potential customers. oNegative:Due to greenwashing act, Tesco PLC might go through different range of problems and can shift the interest of of loyal customers towards the other business organisations that are offering the same sort of alternative products just like Tesco PLC.ď‚·Technological-The super store Tesco is an organisation that always keeps up with the regular updates and changes taking place in the technological market. Tesco always
moves towards bringing innovative changes in the organisation by influencing the technologicalfactorsandmakingthemacompetitiveadvantageofthecompany. Therefore, technology is one of the positive external factor that is being imposed on a Tesco. Marketing department of Tesco is one of the most appropriate unit which is being benefitedwithinvolvementoftechnologiesasitprovidedthemanappropriate opportunity for conducting marketing activities in very small amount and resources. oPositive: Technology has held Tesco PLC in in performing financial transactions in much more easier way through electronic fund transfer and so on. oNegative:Due to price and Technology, cyber bullying and cyber threat has also increased which might impact upon company's image in front of the whole market and its potential customers as well.Legal-The legal factor is related with political element fixing over the areas where law is changed and which can change the business performance and its objectives. Complete the legal structure and code of conduct of United Kingdom is not stable as political parties and governments are not stable as well and this is the result of BREXIT. External legal environment of United Kingdom and the laws are regularly changing on the other hand the new laws are becoming very difficult for companies to understand and impose drinking more complexities and difficulties along with use uncertainty in results for Tesco(Fernandes, 2017). oPositive:This primal benefit is that following the code of conduct of United Kingdom and of other countries, Tesco PLC can easily perform its operations in an ethical way which will put positive impact on its brand image at International or National level. oNegative:Any sort of misconduct like breaching of any rule or code of conduct may directly impact negatively on company’s brand image.Environmental-The last and the most recent external environmental tractor which is been identified and enquired is environment. This element focus is over contribution Tesco is making keeping the environment clean and returning a little bit to the society from which company are using several resources. Tesco is an organisation which is committed enough towards renewable resources and means of operations keeping the
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business activities sustainable. The four environmental factor has positive impact on the performance and operations of Tesco. oPositive: Developing policy like proper utilisation of recycled products and bring customers with recycled carry bags would not only build up the trust of customers but it will also positively impact on natural environment and save it for the next generations. oNegative:Following all the policies in relation to renewable resources are directly impacting upon Tesco PLC's profit margins. TASK 4 P5. Conduct internal and external analysis of specific organisations in order to identify strengths and weaknesses SWOT ANALYSIS OF TESCO: STRENGTHS ď‚·The strength of which is considered according to current market situation is its leading market share of more than 28%. Tesco is one of the biggest grocery retailers in the
United Kingdom standing on the fourth position in the world by comparing with its revenue and sales units (Guo-rong, 2018). Tesco also horse riding position in the world as it have tag of the leading supermarket the highest market share. The company have this leading market share because of its large presence it around 6800 stores around the globe present in all separate regions in several market’s. In Asia as well the company has a huge market share and geographical diversification WEAKNESSES Failure in the United States and Japanese market is one of the most influential and potential weakness of Tesco. The company faced huge losses and a lot of wastage of resources because of the failure of American and Japanese market stores. In recent years Tesco expanded its business operations to US and Japan but now these stores are shut down as a company was not able to export their operations and execute their plans effectively in international waters. Another very potential weakness of Tesco which created sample of problems for the company is its sudden change in club card made in 2018. The customers of Tesco are very unhappy and angry with the entity which is not at all beneficial for a retail organisation dealing in aggressively competitive market. OPPORTUNITIES According to the current scenario and situation of United Kingdom on the world economy the most beneficial and potential opportunity that is available in front of Tesco is alliance building butter relation with other brands in international market places. Discuss the policy of moving and expanding into International borders by pairing with other branch and currently it is the most potential opportunity available in front of it. Another opportunity that is created by technological advancement and advanced devices so Tesco is of online shopping stores and websites. Nowadays people are more attracted towards online shopping and there comfort. This is why it is one of the most potential opportunity for Tesco allowing it to competitive edge by strengthening it and making it as the best potential factor for the company. THREATS
BREXIT deal initiated recently there British exit from the European union holding serious repercussions and issues for businesses in United Kingdom which includes Tesco. This is the main threat that exist in the business environment of Tesco as the company have to look over all the different business laws and practices developed by European union and British government(Hamilton and Webster, 2018). One more threat that exists in the business environment and which is affecting the economy of United Kingdom and the world is outbreak of coronavirus. Due to COVID19 disease the whole world is under lockdown which has impacted the economy and businesses the most belonging to every different sector and industry. Tesco is part of retail sector holding moderate amount of threat due to it but still it is a thread which has a long-term effects on the businesses and on Tesco as well. MORRISON'S SWOT ANALYSIS: STRENGTHS Dispersion and Reach: Morrison’s has an enormous number of outlets in pretty much every state, upheld by a solid circulation arrange that ensures that its items are accessible effectively to countless clients in a convenient way. Cost Structure: Morrison’s' minimal effort structure causes it produce with ease and sell its items at a low value, making it moderate for its clients. WEAKNESSES Innovative work: Even however Morrison’s is spending more than the normal innovative work consumption inside the business, it is spending path not exactly a couple of players inside the business that have had a huge favourable position because of their inventive items. High Day Sales Inventory: The time it takes for items to be bought and sold are higher than the business normal, implying that develops on stock adding pointless expenses to the business. OPPORTUNITIES Web: there has been an expansion in the quantity of web clients everywhere throughout the world. This implies there is an open door for to grow their essence on the web; by utilizing the web to connect with its clients.
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Web based business: There has been another pattern and a development in deals of the internet business industry. This implies many individuals are currently making buys on the web. Morrisons can procure income by opening on the web stores and making deals through these. THREATS Mechanical improvements by contenders; New innovative advancements by a couple of contenders inside the business represent a danger to as client pulled in to this new innovation can be lost to contenders, diminishing Morrison’s' general piece of the overall industry. Providers: The dealing intensity of providers has expanded throughout the years with the diminishing in the quantity of providers. This implies the expenses of sources of info could increment for Morrison’s. P6, Explain how strengths and weaknesses interrelate with external macro factors BasisPoliticalEconomicalSocial StrengthThetoplevel managementand leadersofTesco. followsallthe regulationsandlaws whilecarryingout specifictasksina smoothandproper manner. The company pay fair wagestoermployees and change according tothechanging environmentand economical conditions whichensuresits growth and success. Tescooffersproducts and serviceaccording to the markety trends and social needs. WeaknessChainglawsand policiesdueto BREXIT is imposing a weakeningimpact over Tesco. Theeconomic conditionsofUK negativelyaffecton overall performance of Tesco. Duetofrequent changesineconomy Trends in market and socio-economic environmentis regularly changing and affectingthefirm's stablity.
synergy is affected. BasisTechnologicalEnvironmentalLegal StrengthBythesupportand assistanceof technology,Tescois inducingitsproduct qualityandits productivity. Thecompanyis moving its operations overeco-friendly meanswithreducing its carbon foot print. Lawsandregulations arefollowedproperly and measures are taken accordingly. WeaknessTheoperationsand employee are entirely dependentupon technology which is a negativefactorfor Tesco. Themanagersof TescoPlc.isfacing problemsin integrating environmentallaws andpracticeswith theirrespective functionsand decisions. Lawsarefrequently changing and creating inbalanceinthe function of Tesco and causingnumberof problemsinsmooth functioning. CONCLUSION Theabovereportacknowledgesandhighlightsaboutthebusinessexternalandinternal environment concluding that it is very essential and necessary for or a business organisation to evaluate its business environment. It is a mixture of internal and external factors which are influencing and effect in the company’s decision making and operational performance. Therefore the first part of the report different types of businesses that exist in the marketplace are discussed such as sole proprietors, partnership and corporations. These businesses have different sizes and scope according to their legal structure and objectives such as public, private and voluntary organisations. The next part of the report is covering the external and internal environmental analysis of the super store. Also at the end TWOS model is applied for understanding the interrelationship and integration between internal and external environmental factors and their impact on business.
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