Six Phases of Toulmin's Model of Argumentation
Added on 2022-12-26
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Running head: BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
Name of Student
Name of the University
Author Note
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
Name of Student
Name of the University
Author Note
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION1
Response to question 1: Six phases of Toulmin’s model of Argumentation
Toulmins model of argumentation is also known as the Toulmin method is a reasoning
method. It basically involves data or the grounds for the argument, claim and warrant for the
argument. According to him these are the three main elements of a good argument. There are six
phases of his model. The main aim of using this model is argument development, increasing the
strengths by analysis and anticipating and forecasting and eliminating the weakness and the
model helps in understanding whether an argument is strong enough or not. The six main stages
include: claim, evidence, warrant, backing, rebuttal and qualifier (Van Eemeren, Jackson and
Jacobs 2015). Claim discusses about the statement that a person wishes to prove or that a person
supports. Evidence provides a rational and support for that statement that one wishes to prove.
Warrant shows the relation and connection between the evidence and claim. Backing provides a
warrant support and lets people know the reason for the warrant being a rational one and these
are the areas that are supported by evidences that can be factual and others. Rebuttal is the
objection that might arise for the claim and Qualifiers are the limits to the claim and often
include claims additions that cause nuance and helping in facing the rebuttals.
Response to question 1: Six phases of Toulmin’s model of Argumentation
Toulmins model of argumentation is also known as the Toulmin method is a reasoning
method. It basically involves data or the grounds for the argument, claim and warrant for the
argument. According to him these are the three main elements of a good argument. There are six
phases of his model. The main aim of using this model is argument development, increasing the
strengths by analysis and anticipating and forecasting and eliminating the weakness and the
model helps in understanding whether an argument is strong enough or not. The six main stages
include: claim, evidence, warrant, backing, rebuttal and qualifier (Van Eemeren, Jackson and
Jacobs 2015). Claim discusses about the statement that a person wishes to prove or that a person
supports. Evidence provides a rational and support for that statement that one wishes to prove.
Warrant shows the relation and connection between the evidence and claim. Backing provides a
warrant support and lets people know the reason for the warrant being a rational one and these
are the areas that are supported by evidences that can be factual and others. Rebuttal is the
objection that might arise for the claim and Qualifiers are the limits to the claim and often
include claims additions that cause nuance and helping in facing the rebuttals.
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION2
Figure 1: Toulmin’s model of argumentation
Source: (Van Eemeren, Jackson and Jacobs 2015 )
Response to question 2: Five critical thinking skills
The five critical thinking skills include reasoning, evaluating, problem solving, decision
making and analyzing (Huang et al. 2017). Reasoning is related to thinking, cognition and other
concepts. Reasoning is basically the ability to make sense and to understand the meaning of
things by applying logic and through various beliefs of the people. It is often refers to the ability
to draw rationality of the things. Evaluation refers to getting better insights into the matters and
is based in certain set of standards. Problem solving refers to analyzing the problem properly in
order to find out a solution and to become successful. It helps in critically analyzing the
information. Decision making is the ability to select a particular course of action from different
alternatives and it is based on various beliefs. Analyzing refers better consideration of the any
topic and getting more details about the same.
Figure 1: Toulmin’s model of argumentation
Source: (Van Eemeren, Jackson and Jacobs 2015 )
Response to question 2: Five critical thinking skills
The five critical thinking skills include reasoning, evaluating, problem solving, decision
making and analyzing (Huang et al. 2017). Reasoning is related to thinking, cognition and other
concepts. Reasoning is basically the ability to make sense and to understand the meaning of
things by applying logic and through various beliefs of the people. It is often refers to the ability
to draw rationality of the things. Evaluation refers to getting better insights into the matters and
is based in certain set of standards. Problem solving refers to analyzing the problem properly in
order to find out a solution and to become successful. It helps in critically analyzing the
information. Decision making is the ability to select a particular course of action from different
alternatives and it is based on various beliefs. Analyzing refers better consideration of the any
topic and getting more details about the same.
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