Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Contractor Evaluation

This assignment focuses on applying a robust hybrid multi-criteria decision-making methodology, as proposed by A. et al. (2014), to evaluate and select contractors in the context of third-party reverse logistics. The approach considers various criteria, such as cost, quality, delivery time, and environmental impact. The goal is to demonstrate an understanding of this methodology and its application to real-world problems.

BUSINESS DECISION
MAKING

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Data collection plan..........................................................................................................1
1.2 Survey method and sampling framework.........................................................................3
1.3 Questionnaire framing......................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
2.1 Data estimation on collected data from survey................................................................8
2.2 Data estimations on collected data...................................................................................9
2.3 Dispersion of collected data...........................................................................................10
2.4 Quartiles, percentile and correlation of collected data from survey...............................10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Graphical presentation of collected data from survey....................................................11
3.2 Trend line for forecasting...............................................................................................16
3.3 Power point presentation of collected data.....................................................................17
3.4 Report on result from survey..........................................................................................17
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................18
4.1 Information processing tools..........................................................................................18
4.2 Project plan and critical path method.............................................................................20
4.3.........................................................................................................................................21
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................21
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................22

ILLUSTRATION INDEX
Illustration 1: Time schedule for accomplishing project plan.......................................................20
Illustration 2: Network diagram.....................................................................................................20
Illustration 3: NPV and IRR as investment appraisal techniques for decision making on
projection.......................................................................................................................................21

INTRODUCTION
The business decision making is the most crucial part in the business as it requires
extensive research before going to make the decisions. But business have to make sure that the
firm are requires making sure that the research is done properly so that the business could run
(Cao and et.al., 2015). In the given reports, the students suggestions are required about their
experience and satisfaction. This can only be achieved by way of doing surveys and other modes
of collecting information. This is observed that the management can conduct surveys and collect
data so that the could frame the decisions effectively. Now, this also pointed out that the data
collection techniques are also needed to assess so that the management can collect the
information that are needed by the firm. However, data can be gathered via primary resources
and the secondary resources. But there is need to know about which one need to follow by the
company (Bremer, 2015).
TASK 1
1.1 Data collection plan
There is need to know the plan which are required to be produced in order to get the
information in a most effective manner. The information can be gathered to fulfil the information
needs so that the management can frame their strategy in a better way. The administration are
required to ascertain about what kind of information they want so that they can frame the
decisions. Basically there are two kinds by which data can be collected. These are primary data
and the other one is secondary data. These are explained hereunder:
Primary research: Primary resource is a tool which is done for the first time and it requires huge
resources in order to gather the information. The primary resources can be gathered by way of
doing survey, conducting interviews and any other ways. The reliability of the primary data is at
the topmost level (Gaillard, 2014). This also seen that the management make the decisions in an
effective manner so that the objectives and targets can be attained. The primary data is the
collected for the first time and it requires high degree of concentration while collecting the
information. The primary data can be gathered via telephone, interviews, conducting surveys in
the potential markets so that the intended information can be gathered. This kind of source for
collecting information requires huge capital. That is why, this can also possible in the small scale
business. Primary research is not suitable for the organisation or any association which requires
the data at a large scale.

Secondary Research: This is the research which is already published. Secondary data is
required in order to get the business decisions within a less amount of spending while conducting
research. The sources for conducting secondary research are books, journals and other published
information. This research is easy to gather and requires less amount while gathering the data
from this tool. The secondary research use of previous information for some other purposes and
the data is easily available. Secondary research is also recognised as a desk research. Secondary
research covers already published reports in a library, internet, or the surveys. It can also need to
cover scientific reports that were created by the medical councils, universities, and other
governmental bodies. This covers the summery, collection and synthesis of the already published
research rather than of doing primary research. However, sometimes this research technique is
required at the beginning of the research to identify what kind of data is required in order to have
the research.
The main tool is to have the raw data, for analysing, implementing and storing them, so that the
researcher would be able to ensure that the data are of high quality. But before going to gather
the data, researcher is required to face the following issues which are effectively meet. These are: Identifying on methods: There are various learnings and teaching methods that are
implemented in order to gather analyse the data (Chen, 2014). There are basically two
types of data collection techniques. Quantitative data and qualitative data collection
techniques. Quantitative data is mainly needs to focus on the numerical facts and figures
that is required to draw a valid conclusions so that the user can frame the decisions in a
better and effective manner. Frame a data collection plan: The data collection plan is started from developing the
structure of the data gathering process (Delen, 2014). This also seen that before going to
gather the data it is essential to frame the plan so the that the collected data is able to
assist in making the decisions. Under this point researcher need to know about the data
the he/she going to present. Person responsible for collecting and process the data: The data which is going to
collect, need to know about the person who is going to gather the data in order to get the
objective.

 Data gathering: This is the main question which are required to be framed in order to
overlapping in the data. While gathering the data, there is a need to know about the
source from where the data can be collected or gathered, and then assess whether the
source from where the data is collected are reliable or justifiable. The researcher wants to
know about the time where the data collection process can be started. The researcher also
wants to know about the data collection period within which the data could be collected.
The cost for collecting data is also needed to assess so that the researcher can manage all
this. In this data gathering process, there is need to know about the individual who is
going to collect the data.
By considering primary and secondary resources, researcher would plan the survey that
he is going to entertain for getting the relevant data from the general public so that the survey
would be be convened effectively. There is a need to make certain arrangement in their research
survey and makes efforts in order to have effective survey. Under this plan, researcher will use
both of the data collection method for gathering the data from students from diverse streams.
1.2 Survey method and sampling framework
Survey is the method which is usually used in order to gather information and in this
manner, information is gathered by young generation about their enrolment and number of
satisfaction. For making the report, it is required that the primary research are required to be
conducted which will assist for making the research. There are so many kinds of research
methodologies and samplings which have been emerged with the assistance of the research
project. Some of them have been mentioned hereunder: Survey methodologies: This is most essential as that the representatives of the college to
identify what might be the view, behaviour and perception of entire students which
represents the UKCBC college (Goodall, 2014). Before going to convene the research, it
will be need to determine the students from whom the information can be gathered.
Under this case, they are the students which are studying in the cited college. The most
important aim for which the research is convened is the gathering of the concerned
information and for that it would be needed that entire powerful strategies which should
be considered. In the research methodology, there are so many research methodology
there are so many aspects which are needed to be discussed and they are investigated
below:

 Rational of study: This includes essential and legal proofs that are provided in
connection to researches so to achieve some benefits out of it. The important aspects that
need to be focused while carrying out any surveys is that they guarantee of any type of
literature gap that lies between the earlier and the present information , if it is found then
that needs to be reduced. There can be many issues which are faced during the process of
conductivity of research analysis. This can be solved with the help of surveys, which will
occur in accordance with the UKCBC College. Professional growth can be achieved by
doing rational study analysis, which will be considered as a helpful step for growth in the
long terms.
Sampling Framework: Sampling is the method through which the group of respondents
is selected form the total population so that the valid conclusions can be drawn. For convening of
sampling, a sample size is required to be taken the sampling size in this case is 200 students
which are present in the UKCBC college (Kumar, 2014). The best tool which is required to be
used in this case, is random sampling method that can be used in order to get the valid
conclusion out of the total college students. This is one of the easiest method through which the
survey could be conducted. Under the statistical tool, it is considered as the easiest way through
which the survey could be made as this may help to collect the data. The data which is going to
gather the by way of doing survey and it will also need to made for implementing by the college
for various purposes. The administrators are able to draw an adequate decision which have been
framed which needs to be attained that are going to lead the overall development of the college.
1.3 Questionnaire framing
Name:
Course:
Campus belonged to:
Q.1 In which age group, do you belongs to ?
 18 to 25
 25-30
 30-40
 40-50
Q.2 Are you a ?

 Male
 Female
Q.3 Which is your ethnicity?
 Caucasian
 Hispanic
 African
 Asian
 Native American
 Other
Q.4 Which subject your are studying in UKCBC college?
 HND Business
 Health and Social care
 Travel and tourism
 IT
 Other
Q.5 What is your matrimonial status?
 Single
 Married
 Divorced
 Separated
Q.6 How did you get to come Under this college?
 Started college at UKCBC Park Royal
 Transfer from another campus
 Other
Q.7 Do you expect to enrol for a top up when or if you complete your HND?
 Yes
 No
Q.8 How do you meet your college expenses: Fill in the response that best applies?
 Yourself
 Spouse or partner
 Parents

 Employer support
 Grants or loans
 Other
Q.11 Does the college provides effective facilities of canteen, toilet and classrooms ?
 Yes
 No
Q.12 Provide rating from 1-5 on health and safety provided by the college?.
 0 - 1s
 1-2
 2-4
 4-5
Q.5 In which year you are study?
 First year
 Second year
 Graduate
 Unclassified
Q.7 What is your duration of course time. (in month)?
 1-2
 2-3
 3-4
 4-5
Q.12 how often is the experience from this college will help you?
 Very often
 Often
 Occasionally
 Never
Q.13 How often you interact with other students of this college?
 Very often
 Most Often

 Occasionally
 Never
Q.14 If you had a chance to begun again with the college will be able to come?
 Yes, definitely
 Likely, yes
 Probably. no
 Definitely. No
Q.15 Are likely going to suggest this college to your friends?
 likely
 Most likely
 Never
Q.16 How often you participate in college events and other activities ?
 Mostly Often
 Very often
 Occasionally
 Can't says
Q.19 Do you agree with the relationship among staffs and administration are cooperative?
 Strongly agree
 Strongly dis-agree
 Very Satisfied
 Disagree
Q.20 Any suggestion for improving services of UKCBC........................

TASK 2
2.1 Data estimation on collected data from survey
From the cited numerical table, it has been seen that the total number of students in
different years are different. The total number of students were 200 who enrolled and number of
students who were satisfied in the same year were 170, which represents the majority of the
students are satisfied with the services. Also, need to make the decisions in a better manner. The
measure of central tendency covers mean, median and mode that represents the accurate number
from the set of data. The mean, median and mode are the three types of averages From the
above mentioned report, mean, median and mode have been calculated to assess the data in an
accurate manner. These have been defined hereunder: Mean: The mean represents the average number from the set of available number. This is
calculated by sum up all the numbers and then divide the sum the number of numbers. Median: This is the middle value of the set of numbers on which further decisions are
made for improving services in the future time. However, information gathered at the mid
term is considered as basis for implementation and preparing strategies regarding further
business operations systematically.
 Mode: The mode is the value which frequently occurs. If there is no number is repeated
hence, mode can not be calculated. Thus, similar responds from data survey considers as
mode and basis for decision-making regarding further business operations.
2.2 Data estimations on collected data
1) Satisfaction level of students with services of UKCBC
Mean 174
Median 170
Mode 170
2) Teaching services
Mean 164

Median 160
Mode 160
3) Management of UKCBC
Mean 164
Median 160
Mode 150
4) Environment of the college entity
Mean 160
Median 160
Mode 0
5) Ranking on services provided by UKCBC
Mean 174
Median 180
Mode 180
Interpretation: Estimation on collected data as students' views on services of UKCBC is
determined with the help of mean, median and mode. However, according to overall study, it is

interpreted that on average most of the students are satisfied with its facilities and this level can
be maintained and improved efficiently in the future time period.
2.3 Dispersion of collected data
Variance
Standard
Deviation
Satisfaction level (A) 129.96 11.4
Teaching services (B) 129.96 11.4
Management (C) 279.8929 16.73
Environment (D) 249.9561 15.81
Ranking on services (E) 229.8256 15.16
According to the above mention data analysis which is based on the UKCBC who hire
quality assurance agency for preparing a valid report for them (Newell, Lagnado and Shanks,
2015). As per the data in which standard deviation and range of data is calculated, this is helpful
in making a valid conclusion on report. Standard deviation shows the difference of the member
of group from mean value of table. This data shows the deviation is 11.4, 11.4, 16.73, 15.81 and
15.16 for on different services of UKCBC as teaching, gaming, entertainment etc. It is moderate
that can be balanced for increasing satisfaction level of students with its services effectively.
2.4 Quartiles, percentile and correlation of collected data from survey
Year
Number of
students
Satisfactio
n level (A)
Teaching
services (B)
Management
(C)
Environment
(D)
Ranking on
services (E)
Q1 200 15.485 160 150 150 170
Q2 200 15.485 164 164 160 174
Q3 200 15.16 170 170 160 180
Quartiles is considered as segment entire collected into three segments. However,
satisfaction level of students with different services are segregated into three parts as Q1, Q2 and
Q3 differently. As per interpreting all data, it is recognised that students are satisfied sufficiently
that can be maintained and increased.
Q1 represents the 33.33% of the set of observations and helps the firm to get the effective plans.

Q2 is the thing which represents the middle value of the set of observations.
However, quartiles and percentiles reflects the various representative measure. They basically
represents the percentage of value below a specific value. For example, 3rd quartile represents
75% of the observations are below a specific amount and 25% of the observations are above.
TASK 3
3.1 Graphical presentation of collected data from survey
1) Satisfaction level of students
19 or younger 50
20-23 50
24-29 70
30-39 20
40-55 5
Over 55 5
Total number of
respondents 200

Interpretation: At first, researcher asks about age group of selected 200 respondents and
it is identified that most of them are belonged to 24-29 as 70 out of them. Therefore, it can be
forecast that variety of ideas can be generated on services of college and also for their
improvements.
2) Year in which students are studying
First year 40
Second year 90
Graduate 60
Unclassified 10
Total number of
respondents 200
19 or younger 20-23 24-29 30-39 40-55 Over 55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Column C

Interpretation: Here, blue colour represents for 1st year students, orange for 2nd year,
yellow and green for graduate and unclassified respectively. It is interpreted that students who
are participated in survey are from 2nd year at most. Further, from 1st year, there are 40 students
who selected randomly in survey foe expressing their views on services of UKCBC.
3) Course which respondents are studying
HND Business 50
Health and Social care 60
Travel and tourism 40
IT 30
Other 20
Total number of
respondents 200
40
90
60
10
First year
Second year
Graduate
Unclassified

Interpretation: In this researcher, analysis of students who are studying different courses
of the entity. In this regard, it is evaluated that 60 out of 200 are studying health and social care
among them. Therefore, it can be forecast that effective data can be collected for college entity's
services according to their observations.
4) Canteen facility
Yes 170
No 30
Total number of
respondents 200
HND Business
Health and Social care
Travel and tourism
IT
Other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Column C

Interpretation: Through this data interpretation, information related to canteen facilities
of UKCBC is identified. However, it is identified that 170 out of overall respondents are pleased
with canteen services. It shows increasing efficiency of the college entity.
5) Ranking on services of UKCBC
1st order 90
1 to 2 50
2 to 4 30
5th 30
Total number of
respondents 200
Yes No
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Column C

Interpretation: Here, collected data is to presented in bie graph presentation in which
ranks on services of UKCBC are identified. In order to this, blue represents 1st order, orange for
ranking between 1 to 2 as well yellow and green for rank between 2 to 4. Therefore, it is
observed that 90 out of 200 respondents give 1st order rank on overall services of the college
entity which is good and remains effective for further years' operations regarding improvements
efficiently.
3.2 Trend line for forecasting
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2357 2346 2347
3483 3682 3756
4183
1768 1759 1760
2612 2761 2817
3137
Year
No. of students
Linear (No. of students )
Satisfied students
Linear (Satisfied students)
90
50
30
30
1st order
1 to 2
2 to 4
5th

From the above drawn graph it has been said that number of satisfied students are
increasing at a certain rate and at the same point of time satisfied students are also increasing
gradually. Most number of enrolled students are in 2016 and trend line is also indicating the
impact at growth stage from the given scenario. This is observed that the trend is increasing at a
greater rate which reflects the positive sign for the performance of the firm. However, this has
been observed that trend line is the line which shows on the direction about the performance of
the firm. Trend line are visual representation of helps and resistance in any time frame. Trend
line are implemented to demonstrates direction and speed of price, and also elaborates shape at
the time of price concentration.
3.3 Power point presentation of collected data

3.4 Report on result from survey
Introduction – Given study is designed in order to understand the leave of satisfaction with the
quality maintained by the management of UKCBC institute. Above report includes the various
feedbacks received from the students which are part of the cited institute about the level of
standards that are maintained in the premises. In order to solve the various complaints it is
necessary for the management to know what exactly are the areas where they lack behind so
that accordingly corrective actions can be taken. An agency for assuring quality is presented
which provides assistance to the department concern so that action against the drawbacks can be
taken effectively and problem can be solved for future.
Objective and Drawbacks – The main purpose of the given study is to accumulate relevant
data from students of different academic years so that management can reach to final
conclusions related to the standards of their institute (Tseng and Hung, 2014). These
observations will be further utilized by the quality team to improve the conditions for future so

that same difficulty is not faced by the coming new students and other related employees.
Limitations of same is that if the respondents has not given the true data due to any personal or
other reason than it will be of no use. Whenever any survey is conducted it is very important
that relevant information is received which can be further utilized by the researcher.
Content – In order to reach to the conclusion observations will be required which are given by
the enrolled students about the quality (Wei, 2015). Same data is gathered through different
modes like using the primary and secondary method which give enough information to the
quality assurance agency to proceed in future.
Summary and suggestions – Above study concludes that given agency is very much effective
in taking the corrective actions regarding quality assurance in UKCBC institute. It is successful
enough in collecting all the relevant data which can be further used for making improvements in
future.
TASK 4
4.1 Information processing tools
Information processing is the best process to change the information in any way. A
modern organisation needs which can define wide range of system to process and analyse
information. Various management decision making level within an enterprise need different
kinds of information are as follows:
Transaction processing systems: This system is very essential process which can
gathering different sources of data related to personal monetary transaction like sales, costs and
purchases etc. This process support in decision making at different levels like operational,
tactical and strategic. Operational system used programmable decisions with the help of inputs
and outputs. Tactical, which can used variety of data from various sources (Weiss, 2014).
Examples like marketing, sales, manufacturing production, finance and human resources' system.
It also maintains accounting data in an organisation.

Management information system: From this system define database process which
store some information becomes the enterprise memory. Is a direct control and monitor system
which report on activities like sales ledger, output levels and credit finances in areas. This system
which provide online based methods.
 Product information which are related on line categorized information at a specific store.
 Sales leader which are provided information relating to buyers turnover.
 Supplier information such as reliability indicators to make strategies decision.
Decision support systems: It is a computer based system that help decision makers
which confront structured issues through interaction with the help of analysis models and data
(Welsh and Birch, 2015). This should help to balance different capabilities are as follows:
 It should be used to support with non- technical users.
 It may provide outsider information on competitors.
 DSS is very essential which support structured decision making.
 It should analysis in different way and provide modelling.
 This system support to used by marketing staff in corporate events and programs like
entertainment planning.
Executive information systems: IT is a total business modelling system, which control
external and internal environment. This system provide managers with variable ingress to
information at the strategic and tactical levels, for controlling business situation and operating
outputs (Wieder and Ossimitz, 2015). They also highlight information that the administrator
should be made of. DSS provide different tools and techniques which help to calculate company
data information. Company performance data of production, sales, profits, budgets and forecasts.
It helps to make the best decision related to internal communication and environment scanning
like competition and government regulation etc.

Expert systems: Related to decision support systems that follows users to benefits
information and knowledge by expert. This is provided useful information to different level of
management systems (Wood and Williams, 2014). It is use knowledge base which is a piece of
computer software that define outputs to users question. Examples , it is a loan application
process and create legal advice. Expert system forecasting financial and economic developments
or customer and market behaviour. It can be used at a variety of various levels. There are
following areas like personal tax, banking and law etc. At a complex level they can define how a
decision should be made.
4.2 Project plan and critical path method
Illustration 1: Time schedule for accomplishing project plan

By making critical path, firm makes three paths to accomplished the project, and under
critical path, shortest route is advised to be taken by the organisation. Under this, the shortest
route is considered. For achieving this project, company considers Path A, which takes 20 days
to complete the project.
Path A = 1+2+3+7+8 = 21 days
Path B = 1+2+5+6 +8 = 22 days
Path C = 1+4+7+8 = 20 days
4.3
Illustration 3: NPV and IRR as investment appraisal techniques for decision
making on projection

Under this project, it has been seen that the cash outflow of the project is -15000 and it
made inflow till 4 years and the inflows are different in the several years. The total present value
is 22708. The NPV of the project is 7708. Which reflects the good sign. Hence, the project
should be accepted.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned calculations, graphs and survey, it has been concluded that the
survey is made in order to review the Quality Assurance Agency in order to resolve the quarries
in a better manner. With the help of survey, the QAA can frame the decisions. The software
processing tools also helps the organisations to draw a fruitful conclusion in order to frame the
decisions in a better way.

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