Ethics and Decision Making in Business

This assignment delves into the complex realm of ethical decision-making within a business context. It investigates the influence of organizational culture, leadership styles, individual values, and external pressures on ethical conduct. The provided research papers shed light on diverse perspectives, highlighting the challenges and implications of balancing profitability with ethical responsibilities.

INTRODUCTION
Business decision making is considered very much useful for achieving success. Business
considers the opinion of some of the experts for effective decision making. Best decisions may
lead company to achieve success, profitability and prosperity in competitive world. Choosing
among different alternatives and analysing them to select best alternative is main aim of decision
maker. Business decisions must be taken considering various tools and techniques. This project
report aims at assisting students experience and satisfaction. For analysing students satisfaction,
UKCBC is using various tools like measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion etc.
UKCBC is also measuring satisfaction level of student by conducting survey methods by
preparing questionnaire. UKCBC is conducting online survey of students to analyse the level of
satisfaction in college. This project report also aims at using networking techniques, gantt charts,
critical path method etc. For effective decision making.
TASK 1
1.1 Create a plan for collecting data from the students
UKCBC is measuring students experience and level of satisfaction and for this UKCBC
is planning to collect data from the students by primary as well as secondary method.
Primary data is a raw data which is collected for the first time by the researcher to gather
information from the customers directly. Primary data can be collected through conducting
surveys, interviews, observation, questionnaires etc. UKCBC is conducting survey by designing
a questionnaire and asking respondents face to face about their experience in the college. Large
companies generally use primary methods to gather information for obtaining authentic response
from the customers. Using primary sources removes biasness as primary method gives original
research quality. It does not involve any opinion of third parties which helps the researcher in
obtaining effective response from the customers. UKCBC is conductive an online survey by
asking questions from the students across all campuses about their experience and satisfaction
level(Merigó, J.M. and Gil-Lafuente, A.M.,)
Secondary sources of data is a second hand information which is already collected by
someone else other than the user. It has already been collected and researcher uses this type of
data for reference purposes. Secondary data can be collected through past records, magazines,

journals, library, internet etc. UKCBC is considering secondary data as it can measure the
satisfaction level through past records, records of admissions of past few years etc. Researcher
analyses records to find out what students prefer, what are their perceptions, what they think
about college etc. Researcher must consider competitors that what different facilities competitors
are offering to their students to keep them satisfied(Bhattacharya, A., 2014)
1.2 Present the survey methodology with sampling frame
Survey Methodology:
To assess the students attitudes and perceptions towards their colleges, survey must be
done by student representative on the basis of which students experience and satisfaction can be
measured. Survey must be done to evaluate the satisfaction level as for any educational
institution satisfaction of students should be the main aim. For conducting surveys in the campus,
questionnaire is considered to be the main instrument for analysing the students perception
towards college campus. Student representative of UKCBC is conducting online survey of
students through questionnaires to analyse the attitude of customers that whether they are
satisfied or not(Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. and Ferrell, O.C., 2013)
Sampling:
As the students base of UKCBC is very large and huge, so sampling is conducted by the
students representative. Sampling can be defined as a statistical tool or technique to determine
the attributes of some elements based on entire population. Sampling technique is considered as
a main tool for UKCBC as it has a diverse student base and it becomes very difficult to analyse
the large number of students. So satisfaction level can only be checked by conducting sampling
technique. Therefore, this technique is used so that on the basis of some elements, attitudes and
perception of entire population can be assessed and evaluated.
Student representative of UKCBC is using random sampling as there is equal chance of
selecting a student from the large student base. Random sampling is a popular technique of
sampling as there is no biasness as each student gets an equal chance of being selected.
In this report, student representative is considering the sample of 50 students.

1.3 Questionnaire
This survey is about checking the level of satisfaction of the students and their experience. This
questionnaire aims at knowing what are the attitudes and perception of the customers towards
this college(Graham, J.R., Harvey, C.R. and Pur)
Dear Participants
(we are interested in knowing your level of satisfaction and experience, so kindly spend few
minutes to fill the questionnaire, your response will be highly appreciated)
Q.1. What is the gender of the student?
Male
Female
Q.2. What is the age group of the student?
20-25
25-30
30-35
35-40
Above 40
Q.3. What is the stream of student?
Law
Business management
Engineering
Finance
Arts
Designing
Any other field
Q.4. How much you are satisfied with the services provided by us?
Extremely satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Extremely dissatisfied

Q.5. Is UKCBC offering extra curricular activities other than course curriculum?
Yes
No
Q.6. How much would you like to pay for the courses offered by UKCBC?
High prices
Affordable
Low prices
Q.7. Are the lectures easy to understand?
Yes
No
Q.8. Are those lectures helpful for the students?
Very much
Neutral
Not helpful
Q.9. Are the students satisfied with the number of IT laboratories in the campus?
Yes
No
Q.10. What do you think that you find sufficient study material in the library?
Very often
Often
Occasionally
Never
Q.11. Is there sufficient interaction between faculties and students?
Yes
No
Q.12. How much clean are the lecture rooms and toilets in the campus?
Very clean
neutral
Not clean

Q.13. How much do you agree that UKCBC offers best infrastructural facilities to satisfy their
students?
Extremely agree
agree
Neutral
Disagree
Extremely disagree
Q.14. How much do you like the college?
I like it
I am neutral about it
I don't like it
Q.15. If you want to start again, would you like to take admission in the same institution?
Yes, definitely
May be yes/no
No, definitely
TASK 2
2.1 Summarising the data collected from the survey
Satisfaction level of
students Number of responses
Highly satisfied 32
satisfied 6
neutral 5
dissatisfied 2
highly dissatisfied 5
Mean 10
Median 5
Mode 5

How much fees would the students ready to pay
to take admission in college?
Number of
responses
High prices 25
Affordable prices 15
Low prices 10
Mean 17
Median 15
What is the stream of the student?
Number of
responses
Law 8
Business management 10
Engineering 8
Finance 11
Arts 2
Designing 7
Any other field 4
Mean 7
Median 8
Mode 8
Is UKCBC offering extra curricular Number of

activities? responses
yes 35
no 15
Mean 25
Median 25
Are the lectures provided helpful for the
students?
Number of
responses
very helpful 28
neutral 18
not helpful 4
Mean 17
Median 18
Students satisfaction for the number of IT labs
in college?
Number of
responses
yes 37
no 13
25
25
How well do the students like the college? Number of responses
very much 30
neutral 12
don't like it 8

Mean 17
Median 12
2.2 Analysis of the survey done
As per the survey conducted by the lead student representative to assess the students
experience and level of their satisfaction, various tools and techniques are used. Measures of
central tendency, measures of dispersion, bar graphs, networking techniques etc. needs to be
used for measuring the satisfaction level.
Mean is defined as the average of the total number of responses. On the basis of the
survey conducted, it can be said that on an average 10 persons are satisfied from the services
provided by the UKCBC and it is assumed that 32 people are highly satisfied from the services
offered. It can also been concluded that on an average there are large number of people who are
ready to pay high prices to take admission in UKCBC. On an average there are 17 students who
are ready to pay high to take admission in the college. Median helps to distribute the data set into
two parts and computes the mid-value. One part is said to be above 50% and the other is said to
be below 50%. median is computed to be 5 under the measurement of satisfaction level of
students. Majority of the students prefer to pay high fees to take admission in the college and
majority students are satisfied by the services offered by UKCBC.
2.3 Presenting the data using measures of dispersion
Measures of dispersion is also considered as a very useful tool used by the researcher to evaluate
the level of satisfaction among customers. Measures of dispersion can be defined as a variability
or deviation in the data set. It includes standard deviation, interquartile range, range etc.
Satisfaction level of
students Number of responses
Highly satisfied 32

satisfied 6
neutral 5
dissatisfied 2
highly dissatisfied 5
Standard deviation 12.39
How much fees would the students ready to pay for the
courses
number of
responses
High prices 25
Affordable prices 15
Low prices 10
Standard deviation 7.64
Are the lectures provided to the students helpful for the
students
number of
responses
very helpful 28
neutral 18
not helpful 4
Standard deviation 12.06
what do you think that you find best study material in the
library?
number of
responses
very often 34
often 12
occasionally 3
never 1

15.11
Interpretation:
Measures of dispersion measures the spreadness of particular figure from the mean value.
This project aims at calculating standard deviation which means how each value is deviated from
the mean value. Standard deviation is based on each item of data therefore, it helps in removing
biasness. It is least affected by the sampling fluctuations. As per the above data, it can be said
that standard deviation is computed to be 12.39 under measuring satisfaction level of students
which means that there is low variability from the mean value. It defines that mean which is
calculated above is accurate. While on the other hand, standard deviation is computed as 7.64
under the wish of the students to pay fees for the courses offered by the UKCBC. This value has
the higher deviation from the mean value which means that mean value is not accurate which
also means that price-sensitivity of students differs from each other. Students are ready to pay
high prices for the courses as well as reasonable prices for the courses offered. Therefore,
standard deviation is considered as a best and effective measure of dispersion for identifying
variability between each item of data and the calculated mean.
2.4 Analysing quartiles, percentiles and correlation coefficient
Quartiles and percentiles:
Analysing the data is easier in case of quartiles and percentiles as it can be located in the
form of tables and charts. Quartiles and percentiles are also considered as a best measure of
dispersion as they divides the data set into 4 parts that is 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% which
becomes easy to analyse the data.
Satisfaction level of
students Number of responses
Highly satisfied 32
satisfied 6
neutral 5

dissatisfied 2
highly dissatisfied 5
Quartile 1/percentile 25 5.00
Quartile 2/Percentile 50 5
Quartile 3/Percentile 75 6
Quartile 4/percentile 100 32
As per the above data, quartile 1 indicate that 25% of the values are below a certain limit and
75% are above it. Quartile 2, Quartile 3 as well as Quartile 4 indicates accordingly. From the
above figures we can interpret that 25% of the values are below 5 and 75% of the observations
are above it. Same as Quartile 1, the other quartiles also represents according to the upper
quartile.
How well do the students like the college? number of responses
very much 30
neutral 12
don't like it 8
Quartile 1/percentile 25 10
Quartile 2/Percentile 50 12
Quartile 3/Percentile 75 21
Quartile 4/percentile 100 30
As per this data, it can be said that in quartile 1, 25% of the values are below 10 and 75% are
above this limit. Therefore, quartiles and percentiles helps in making effective decisions which in
turn help the student representative of UKCBC to measure the level of satisfaction of the
students.
Correlation coefficient:

Correlation coefficient is also a best tool for decision-making. It measures the
relationship between two independent variables. It is represented by 'r'. Correlation coefficient
always lies between +1 and -1, if its value is closer to be +1 then it has a strong positive
relationship and if its value is closer to -1 then it has a strong negative relationship.
TASK 3
(a)graphs presenting the conclusion of the surveys
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Gender of the student
Male
Female
The Graphs shown that Gender of the student is male and female candidate are equal to each
other in these graphs.

20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 Above 40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Age group of student
number of student
age
The Graphs shown that number of student according there age 20-25 student are 25year old,25-
30 student are 12.5year old, 30-35 student are 7.5year old, 35-40 student are 4year old and above
40 students are old less than 5 year.

The Graph Shown that stream of student according there subject commerce student are 16,
science student are 10, Arts student are 12, Designing student are 8, other stream student are 4.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
stream of student
Any other field
Designing
Arts
Science
Commerce
0 5 10 15 20 25
Satisfaction level of students
Extremely dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
Neutral
Satisfied
Extremely satisfied

The Graph Shown that Satisfaction level of the student 5 students are Extremely satisfied,
between 10-15 student are satisfied, 20 students are neutral, between 5-10 student are dissatisfied
and 5 students are Extremely dissatisfied.
The Graph Shown that price paid by student is Affordable or not 5 students called high price, 20
students called Affordable and 25 called very low price.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Price paid by student
High prices
Affordable
Low prices

The Graph Shown that student under-stability of lectures 20 students are called yes and 30
students called no under-stability about lecture.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
understability of lactures
Yes
No

The Graph shown that Satisfaction from IT laboratories 20 students are satisfied and 30 students
are dissatisfied from IT laboratories.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Satisfaction from IT laboratories
Yes
No

The Graph shown that effectiveness of lectures for student. 20 student are understood very much,
15 students neutral and 15 students not helpful.
0
5
10
15
20
25
Effective lactures for students
Very much
Neutral
Not helpful

The Graph Shown that study material in library student often or not. 25 student very often, 10
often, 10 Occasionally and 10 students never often.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Study material in liabrary
Very often
Often
Occasionally
Never

The Graph Shown that Interaction between student and faculty 35 students says they are not
interacted with faculty and 15 students says they are interacted with faculty.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Interaction between student and faculty
Yes
No

The graph shown that sanitation in collage according to student. 10 students says collage is very
clean, 25 students says neutral clean and 15 students says not clean.
(b)Determining the student response by using the trend line in the spreadsheet.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Sanitation in college
Very clean
neutral
Not clean

Commerce
Science
Arts
Designing
Any other field
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
f(x) = -2.6x + 17.8
R² = 0.85
Column B
Linear (Column B)
Trend line refers to that line which indicate the tendency of something in the graphical
presentation. This is the top method for determine the best result and also very ease to
understand. It shows the growth or decline of something which the organization wants to know.
The above graph presents the streams of the students which they prefer more. According to this
graph major students lies in the commerce streams means that more student prefers commerce
streams to opt as their subject. This trend line presents the downward line so it shows the highest
requirement of the stream is commerce and lowest interest of the student in other field. It denotes
that the organization must use this trend line or it can be said that they have to make more
emphasis on the commerce field because more students wants to opt this stream . College must
focus on the good faculty of the commerce and provide different studies to them so that more
students will attracted from this and due to this productivity of the college is going to be
increases. This trend line shows that student loves to take arts also as their stream, so college
authorities must focus on these streams and tries hard to increases the efficiency or effectiveness
of these streams in their colleges. Trend line is very helpful for analyzing and interpreting the
whole scenario. This is mostly used by every organization for the evaluation and for
understanding these problems and issues to their stakeholders or members. Trend line helps in

identifying the organization merits and demerits so that the organization can take decision for
more growth and becomes the top of the world.
(c)Power point presentation for finding to the Quality Assurance Agency planning committee

(d)Presentation of formal report
To,
The Quality Assurance Agency of UKCBC college
Subject: report on the student experience of UKCBC college
Introduction
This report presents the experience and satisfaction of the student in the college and also it
presents the data analysis and recommendation through which the college increases their
response to the students satisfaction.
Data collection
Primary research is used in this report because data is to be collected first time in this research
from the student. By using various questionnaires take reviews from the students about their
experience. This research helps to the committee to make decision and provides better
allowances for the study and living areas to the students.
Data analysis
Through these data collections it is to be identified that large number of students suffers from
the convenience facilities and proper canteen. Lack of proper books in the library is also
questioned by major students. Lack of proper managing staff and proper teachers also raise by
many students.
Conclusion
It is to be concluded that from data analysis and questionnaires and through feedback of the
students college did not provide better environment to the student for study. Lack of proper
hostels and food facilities is also more reflect the goodwill of the college. Proper convenience
facilities is also major issues from which all the student suffers.
Recommendation
It can be suggested that there is only few issues or problems regarding the college of the
students. Resolve issues and problem is increases the potentiality of the students in the college
and through this goodwill of the college is build.

TASK 4
(a)Use of information processing tools
Information processing tools refers to those data which are collected from ideas and facts
of formal representation and from some automated process it is to be communicated and
manipulated. Present time every organization use information processing tools through
computers or software for improve decision making and also use for reduce decision making
time.
Information processing tools
MIS:- Management information system is computer based information system managed by
computer to improve decision making. It is beneficial for organization in terms of profits
maximizing.
Advantages of MIS :-
It helps in collecting customers data and feedback for company.
Helps in improve decision making process and reduce decision time.
Help in compete with competitors for achieving goals.
Help in reduce Human resource in the organization.
Disadvantages of MIS:-
 Lack of data privacy of the organization.
TPS:- Transaction processing system is a computer based information software system that helps
an entity in managing all business transaction of the organization. It involve collection of data or
other business entity.
Advantages of TPS:-
 TPS control on all purchase of goods and services.
 TPS is warehouse of all data and store the on one place.
 TPS control whole business inventory of the organization.
Disadvantages of TPS :-
 Expansive set-up cost.
 Software privacy problems.

DSS:- Decision support system is computer based software system that helps in planning and
implementing all decision in the organization. DSS helps in analyzing comparative gross sales
figures between one time period and the next time period.
Information tools helps in all the levels of organization:-
All information tools are above it is helpful for every level of the organization for
decision making or profit maximizing because they are help in faster decision making and
warehousing of data and collection of customer data or feedback for organization.
(b)Calculation of Project plan and critical path by using activities
Project management
Project management is the way through which team achieve their specific goals and
targets successfully. It prepares the discipline in the working team by providing proper planning,
executing, controlling towards their work. Manager prepares the project management by
applying lot off strategies in the project and also it is prepares by the time management process.
The time management process states that to control on the work by allocate proper time to each
task so that team can submit the whole work on time with fully efficiently and effectively.
Project management plays an significant role in completion of the project and also it makes steps
for the whole work so that team can do the entire work easily.
Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
A 2 days Tue 5/16/17 Wed 5/17/17
B 4 days Thu 5/18/17 Tue 5/23/17 1
C 6 days Wed 5/24/17 Wed 5/31/17 2
D 3 days Thu 5/18/17 Mon 5/22/17 1
E 6 days Wed 5/24/17 Wed 5/31/17 2
F 1 day Thu 6/1/17 Thu 6/1/17 5
G 3 days Thu 6/1/17 Mon 6/5/17 3,4
H 2 days Tue 6/6/17 Wed 6/7/17 6,7

Gantt chart
This chart is like the bar chart and one of the most popular chart commonly used in the
project management. It makes the schedule of the entire project, through which team members
can segregate their work and prepares there time management process so that they can achieve
their goals and objectives in proper time. In this chart each activity is presented by the bar and
the position or length reflects the activities by start date, end date and from duration.
Critical path
This path determines the sequencing of the stages through which operational work needs
minimum time for completion. At present scenario,every organization is use the critical path for
successful completion of their work on time. But the activities in the critical path can not be
started without the completion of predecessor activity. If any activity is delayed for a single day
than this impact directly on the entire project such that the entire project will be delayed. This
project requires 17 days to get completed according to the critical path(Gupta, P.K., Madan, M. and
Kapoor, C., 2015)
(c)Advice for decision making by on investing in a project by using financial tools
Table 1: Net present value

year cash flow PV @ 10% Present value
0 -15000
1 8000 0.9090909091 7272.7272727273
2 10000 0.826446281 8264.4628099174
3 5000 0.7513148009 3756.5740045079
4 5000 0.6830134554 3415.0672768254
22708.8313639779
NPV 7708.8313639779
Table 2: IRR of project
year cash flow
0 -15000
1 8000
2 10000
3 5000
4 5000
IRR 34.77%
Interpretation
In modern technique of capital budgeting net present value(NPV) is used in analyzing the
profitability from the investment. It is the difference between the initial investment and present
values of cash inflows. It is the best measure for decision making of an investment because it

defines the positive and negative aspect of the investment. Furthermore, if the NPV is positive or
greater in comparing the one or more projects than the project will be selected and if not, than
definitely reject the project. NPV provides both aspects named as, positive and negative aspect.
Positive aspect denotes that the present value of cash inflows is higher than the present value of
cash outflows, than it shows the profitability & can be selected and as per the negative aspect, if
the present value of cash inflows is less than the initial investment than the investor can be
suffered from loss, so can not opted the project. Here, in the above situation NPV of the project
is good than this project can be selected by the investors(Smyth, H. and Lecoeuvre, L., 2015)
IRR interpretation
Internal rate of return can be compared with the break even point as in this manner this
rate of return will equalize the cash flow of project with the initial investment of business. This
will aware management about boosting their performance to generate higher sales as compared
to this rate in order to generate higher sales by surpassing this level. It is the most common
method of capital budgeting for analyzing profitability and selecting the project. The internal rate
of return of the project must be higher because it makes the higher output. Here, in the above
scenario the IRR of an investment is 34.77% and it is the higher IRR, so this the project will be
profitable and investors can opt this investment.
CONCLUSION
It is to be concluded that UK college of business and computing appointed a lead student
for the survey for getting the reviews of the students. In this report the lead manager plan the
survey by taking the primarily data from students and using many methodology or sampling
framework. For the survey lead manager prepares the questionnaire for the student and takes the
feedback from them. Afterwards, summarize and analysis these data for making the decisions. It
presents the reports, power point presentation and graph through these data for easily
understanding the issues and take decision on it. Furthermore, here lead manager present the
levels of strategic tools and present critical path, NPR and IRR for getting the knowledge about
the project and takes appropriate decisions. This studies shows the easy path for achieving the
goals and objectives for an enterprise.