Business Decision Making and Data Analysis

This assignment delves into the crucial relationship between business decision making and data analysis. It requires students to understand how statistical methods, including mean, median, mode, and range, can be applied to gather insights from data and inform sound business decisions. The assignment emphasizes the importance of data-driven approaches in various business contexts, encouraging critical thinking and analytical skills.

BUSINESS DEVELOPING
MANAGER

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Creation of plan for the collection of data............................................................................1
1.2 Methodology of survey and sampling frame........................................................................2
1.3 Questionnaire........................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Summarization of collected data...........................................................................................5
2.2 Analyse the result of survey..................................................................................................7
2.3 Analysis of data using measure of dispersion.......................................................................9
2.4 Quartiles, percentiles and Correlation coefficient...............................................................11
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Creation of graphs...............................................................................................................11
3.2 Creating the trend line.........................................................................................................17
3.3 Presentation.........................................................................................................................18
3.4 Formal report ......................................................................................................................18
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................19
4.1 Various serve system for the various level.........................................................................19
4.2 Critical path.........................................................................................................................19
4.3 Use of financial tools..........................................................................................................21
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................22
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................23

INTRODUCTION
In every organization it is required to take business decision in an appropriate manner
with time. Generally, in enterprise the decision are those which is made on the basis of available
information and data with them organization become able to attain its goals and objectives.
Moreover, it is required to understand the shopping criteria which is being already having an
impact on the shops and malls too (Bayne and Woolcock, 2011). Even though use of advanced
technology has changed the business scenario in today's world. This project is based on
Sainsburry which is a retail firm who serve millions of people with their product and services. In
this assignment, company needs to take an big and effective decision which also enable thing
that generate the profit in increasing the operating environment in great way. Even a survey is
also organised to collect needed information in right context too.
TASK 1
1.1 Creation of plan for the collection of data
There are two important methods which helps in collection of information from different
sources. These methods are known as primary and secondary. Both these methods have their
different roles, advantages and disadvantages. The management of Sainsbury feels the need to
conduct research about determination of the impact of technological innovation and multichannel
shopping upon the business operations of street shops and ascertain its importance for their own
business functions. At current Sainsbury is providing their products from both mode offline and
online. Application of the primary method helps to gather the real views of respondents about the
impact of technological innovation and secondary method helps to ascertain the impact of
technology through analysis of past data. The main purpose behind such research is to bring
changes in their organisational structure according to current market needs. It helps to improve
quality of products, attraction of large number of customers, high brand image and high market
share.
Primary method: It is considered as proprietary research which includes collection of
data which is directly related to research subject and area. Here, research is done by going to the
market place for determination of information which is needed. It helps to ascertain real and
accurate information which is not biased in any form. It helps to gather important conclusions.
The major advantage which is associated with this method that it helps in making of smarter
decisions in respect of their products and services. The different methods which are used to

perform market research includes interviews, questionnaire,observations, focus group and field
trials.
 Interview: This includes face to face interaction with each respondents. It helps to attain
the depth answers from the participants. Here, researcher have the opportunity to clarify
the questions and record the opinion and attitudes. It is time consuming method as
involves the process to visit each and every individual.
 Questionnaire: This includes the process of formulation of different questions according
to their research topics to gather their views. It is of two types open-ended and close-
ended. In the present report, close-ended method is used because it helps to collect
information in less period of time (Ferrell and Fraedrich, 2015).
 Observations: This includes the process of collection of information through assessment
of the behaviour of participant. Here, behaviour and reaction of respondent is recorded on
occurrence of different situations.
Secondary method: This method includes the process of collecting information from the
different published sources like newspapers, articles etc. Such information is not directly related
to research matter. To interpret important information need to research of many secondary
sources. It saves the time and cost of researcher.
1.2 Methodology of survey and sampling frame
The main aim behind conducting research by the management of Sainsbury is that
determine the impact of their multichannel shopping mode upon the business of local shops and
its contribution in improvement of their profitability. They also wants to cover many other
important topics like determine about frequent change in the shopping habit of buyer,
motivations behind such change, different shopping platforms which are used by them and its
socio-economic impact. It helps to collect preferences of customers and bring necessary changes
in their product (Ford and Richardson, 2013).
Research methodologies: It is referred as the process which helps in collection of
information about current performance of organisation. The two different methods which are
available in front of researcher includes primary and secondary. In the present report, primary
method is selected to carry out research activities. Close-ended questionnaire is prepared which
contains 10 different questions.

Sample framing: It is the process of outlining of the activities regarding selection of
respondents. There are different methods which are used to conduct research. These are known
as cluster, stratifies and random. In the present report, random sampling method is used to
choose respondents from total population. This method is used because it is difficult to conduct
research from whole number of customers. So, due to having limited period of time this method
is preferred and choose 40 respondents for further activities (García-Peñalvo and Conde, 2014).
The different questions which are framed through use of primary method are asked to
respondents to attain their feedbacks.
The different research topics which are covered present report and questionnaire
includes:
 Impact multichannel evolution techniques on business of street shop
 Importance of technology for Sainsbury
 Gather the feedback from respondents about their current products and services
 Ascertain their different preferences
1.3 Questionnaire.
Questionnaire is such which include some questions which is related to the research and
even this also help in collecting the important information and strategy in right context too.
Normally, it is such section that consider the research in proper manner so that beneficial
responses can be received. Questionnaire is basically related to identify impact of technology on
high street shops and malls. Moreover, survey for the gathering of information is being done on
40 respondents (Groebner and et. al., 2011).
Importance of questionnaire
Questionnaire is one of the effective technique which is used under primary method for
collection of views of respondents. In the present case, close-ended questionnaire is formulate
which helps to save the time and cost in attaining the views of respondents. The different kind of
importance are defined below:
 Ascertainment of more reliable information
 Time saving and cost efficient procedure
 Easy to interpret information and draw important conclusions
 Helps to bring authenticate changes according to the views of respondents
Questionnaire

Name:
Gender:
Email id:
Address:
1.) Do people like to have products from the online sources?
 Yes
 No
2. Do you think innovative technology have negative impact upon the profitability of high street
shops?
 Agree
 Disagree
3. What mode of buying you choose mostly for shopping?
 Online
 Offline
4.) Does visit to shopping malls and street shops is reduced after online shopping?
 Yes
 No
5.) Does online technology reduces the business opportunities for local shop?
 Agree
 Disagree
6. What you prefer most to buy online?
 Clothes
 Home accessories
 Electronic items
7. Does acceptance of innovate technology has huge contribution in expansion of Sainsbury?
 Yes

 No
 Cant say
8. Do you think online shopping is safer option to buy products?
 High safety
 moderate
 Low
9. Does online mode saves the time and cost?
 Agree
 Disagree
 Cant say
10. Provide your recommendations regarding importance and impact of innovative technology?
TASK 2
2.1 Summarization of collected data.
Q 1. Do people like to have products from the online sources?
Particulars
No. of
respondents
Yes 28
No 12
Total 40
Mean 20
Median 20
Mode 4
Q 2. Do you think innovative technology have negative impact upon the profitability of high
street shops?
Particulars
No. of
respondents
Agree 32

Disagree 8
Total 40
Mean 20
Median 20
Mode 0
Q 3. What mode of buying you choose mostly for shopping?
Particulars
No. of
respondents
Online 26
Offline 14
Total 40
Mean 20
Median 20
Mode 12
Q 4. Does visit to shopping malls and street shops is reduced after online shopping?
Particulars
No. of
respondents
Yes 21
No 19
Total 40
Mean 20
Median 20
Mode 2
Q 5. Does online technology reduces the business opportunities for local shop?
Particulars
No. of
respondents
Agree 25
Disagree 15

Total 40
Mean 20
Median 20
Mode 10
Q 6. What you prefer most to buy online?
Particulars
No. of
respondents
Clothes 18
Home
accessories 8
Electronic
items 14
Total 40
Mean 13
Median 13
Mode 4
Q 7. Does acceptance of innovate technology has huge contribution in expansion of Sainsbury?
Particulars
No. of
respondents
Yes 16
No 14
Cant say 10
Total 40
Mean 15
Median 15
Mode 6
Q 8. Do you think online shopping is safer option to buy products?
Particulars
No. of
respondents
High safety 8

moderate 12
Low 20
Total 40
Mean 10
Median 10
Mode 8
Q 9. Does online mode saves the time and cost?
Particulars
No. of
respondents
Agree 18
Disagree 10
Cant say 12
Total 40
Mean 14
Median 14
Mode 6
2.2 Analyse the result of survey.
This section includes the interpretation of the results through application of statistical
methods. Here, the respondents which are selected from total population provide ranking
regarding the impact of innovative technology upon the business of high street shops and its
importance for Sainsbury (Hwang and Masud, 2012). This will have huge importance for the
management of organisation to improve their decision-making and maximum output. It helps in
formulation of strategies which helps to make changes in their technologies to address the
current trends and satisfaction of the different requirements of customers.
Number of
respondents
Rank given by Respondents (out of
5)
1 4
2 4
3 3
4 1
5 4
6 2

7 1
8 1
9 3
10 2
11 2
12 5
13 5
14 1
15 4
16 2
17 3
18 2
19 2
20 4
22 4
23 5
24 4
25 1
26 2
27 3
28 1
29 1
30 3
31 4
32 1
33 5
34 4
35 2
36 2
37 3
38 4
39 3
40 2
Mean
2.79487179
49
Median 3
Mode 0
Mean: It is refers as basic statistical measure which contributes in determination of an
average value from the data which is present in a series. This method is easy which helps to

ascertain quick and first hand estimate returns on the basis of the past data available or the views
which are gathered from from respondents. Through use of this method management of
Sainsbury determine the future importance and impact of technology upon their own and other
business. The mean from the above given rankings is attained as 2.7948717949.
Median: It is the value which is separating the higher half of data sample from the lower
half. Overall we can say that it is the middle value which is attained from above given series. To
determine this value need to arrange the values in sequence from the lowest to highest. Is the
numbers which are present in a series are in odd form then median is middle value itself. If the
data which is present in a series is in even form then middle pair and divided by two after its
addition with each other (Mean, Median, Mode and Range. 2017). The median from the above
given ranking by respondents is ascertained as 3 (Maxwell, Jeffrey and Lévesque, 2011).
Mode: It refers as the value which is present in as series most of the time. This will have
huge importance regarding improvement of the decision-making of management of Sainsbury to
attain their desired results and solve the problems and issues effectively. Mode from above
ranking which are present in a series is 0.
2.3 Analysis of data using measure of dispersion
Number of
respondents
Rank given by Respondents (out of
5)
1 4
2 4
3 3
4 1
5 4
6 2
7 1
8 1
9 3
10 2
11 2
12 5
13 5
14 1
15 4
16 2
17 3

18 2
19 2
20 4
22 4
23 5
24 4
25 1
26 2
27 3
28 1
29 1
30 3
31 4
32 1
33 5
34 4
35 2
36 2
37 3
38 4
39 3
40 2
Minimum 1
Maximum 5
Standard
deviation
1.32147220
89
Correlation
coefficient
0.01159804
21
Range: It is refers as the data which indicated the difference between largest and smallest
values. It is one of the important aspect which represents dispersion of small data sets. It is
further classified into types minimum and maximum. It helps the management of organisation to
draw important conclusions. The minimum range which is attained from the analysis of the
rankings which are provided by 40 respondents is 1 and maximum range is 5 (Schmoldt and et.
al., 2013).
Standard deviation: It refers as the measure of dispersion of data which is attained from
its mean. It is calculated by square root of variance which is calculated through the determination

of variation of each data point. One of the importance which is associated with this method that
helps in determination of the risks having the possibility to arise in future. From the above
mentioned ranking, Standard deviation is calculated as 1.3214722089.
2.4 Quartiles, percentiles and Correlation coefficient
Quartiles: It is also called as quantile where Q1 is mid value present between lowest and
median value of series. Q2 is median and Q3 is the middle value of highest and median value.
Percentile: This will includes about conversion of results in percentage form. It enhance
the capability of organisation to compare with old results to improve decision-making (Solomon,
2014).
Correlation coefficient: It is one of the important method to understand the relationship
between two variables. It helps to know the impact of one variable upon another to attain better
results.
TASK 3
3.1 Creation of graphs.
1.) Do people like to have products from the
online sources?
Frequency
Yes 28
No 12
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 28
12 Column B
2. Do you think innovative technology have Frequency

negative impact upon the profitability of high
street shops?
Agree 32
Disagree 8
32
8
Agree
Disagree
3. What mode of buying you choose mostly for
shopping?
Frequency
Online 26
Offline 14

26
14
Online
Offline
4.) Does visit to shopping malls and street
shops is reduced after online shopping?
Frequency
Yes 21
No 19
Yes No
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
21.5 21
19 Column B

5.) Does online technology reduces the
business opportunities for local shop?
Frequency
Agree 25
Disagree 15
Agree Disagree
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 25
15
Column B
6. What you prefer most to buy online? Frequency
Clothes 18
Home accessories 8
Electronic items 14

18
8
14
Clothes
Home accessories
Electronic items
7. Does acceptance of innovate technology has
huge contribution in expansion of Sainsbury?
Frequency
Yes 16
No 14
Cant say 10
Yes No Cant say
0
4
8
12
16 16
14
10
Column B
8. Do you think online shopping is safer option Frequency

to buy products?
High safety 8
moderate 12
Low 20
8
12
20
High safety
moderate
Low
9. Does online mode saves the time and cost? Frequency
Agree 18
Disagree 10
Cant say 12
Agree Disagree Cant say
0
5
10
15
20 18
10
12
Column D

3.2 Creating the trend line.
Trend line: This will be used by the management to determine and confirm future trends.
It is considered as straight line which helps to connect two or more points and predicts the
activities of future. These lines are used by Sainsbury to predict their operating profit and net
income in future after implementation of innovative technology within the organisation. It
contributes in formulation of different strategies which guide employees in performance of
different functions and reduction of future risks. It helps to assess direction and speed of grwoth
in future years.
It is interpreted from the above graph that from from 2017 there is continuous growth in
operating profit and net income of organisation. This shows the positive impact of innovative

technology upon the business operations of Sainsbury. The customers are satisfied with the
quality of products which helps to attain competitive advantage in market and build good
position which has direct impact upon their profitability (Stine and Foster, 2014).
3.3 Presentation.
3.4 Formal report
To, Real time Magazine
Date: 4 June 2018
Subject: Impact of multichannel shopping on street shops and malls
Introduction
This report contains the information regarding impact of technological innovation and
multichannel shopping on the performance of street shops. Also application of the methods of
primary and secondary to determine its impact upon the buying behaviour customers, factors
which drives such change, socio-economic impact etc. All the information further interpreted
with the application of the different methods of mean, median, mode, standard deviation etc.
Through this different steps are taken regarding their pricing policies and maintaining the
quality of products. This will have huge importance for the organisation for attaining
competitive advantage, attraction of large number of customers, improvement of the
productivity and profitability and build higher position in market.
Methodologies
The method which is used in selection of participants is random sampling and for
ascertaining the views of such respondents questionnaire is prepared. So, through application of
these methods, 40 respondents are selected to which 10 different research questions are asked.
Findings
From the analysis of the above calculated information ascertained that large number of
respondents are in support of use of innovative technology within the organisation. They have
the opinion that use of online impact has huge adverse impact upon the business of street shops.
The customer prefers to shop online to save their time.
Recommendations
It has been recommended that organisation always make changes in their techniques
according to the requirements which are present in market. It helps to improve their strengths to

take large number of benefits.
TASK 4
4.1 Various serve system for the various level.
There are different types of tools which helps to make the flow of information within the
organisation more better and contributes in development of coordination in different
departmental activities. These tools are defined below:
 TPS: This system helps to perform each and every transaction of organisation in
optimum manner to gather maximum results. This will helps in effective flow of
information for support of every department (Tufféry, 2011).
 MIS: It helps in management of different activities through preparation of plans. In this
regard, large number of information and data is needed for every department. It provides
right information at right time (Tzeng and Huang, 2011).
 DSS: This system is used by management to make better decisions. The different tools
which are used under this are computing tools, scientific models etc.
4.2 Critical path.
Critical path: It is considered as best method which helps in determination of the total
period of time which is required to complete whole project. According to the provisions of this
method, longest sequence of activities of project plan need to be finish on time for completion of
the project before due date (Vercellis, 2011). All the activities which are present in critical path
is not going to start until predecessor activity is complete. If there is delay of one day in any
activity the whole project is completed one day later.

Path A: 1,4,6,10= 8+6+1= 15 Days
Path b: 1,5,7,10= 8+4+4+1=17 days
Path c: 1,5,8=8+4+6=18 days
Path d: 2,4,6,10= 2+6+3+1=12 days
Path e: 3,6,10=2+3+1=6 days
Through application of the method of critical path, different paths are identified which is
necessary to complete for accomplishment of project within stipulated period of time (Yager and
Kacprzyk, 2012). As per the provisions of critical path, management of organisation need to
work on longest path first which is Path C takes 18 days to complete. It provides the opportunity
to achieve their goals within stipulated period of time (Yu, 2013).
4.3 Use of financial tools.
Year
Cashflo
ws
P.V@10
% Present value
0 -15000 1 -15000
1 8000
0.90909
1 7272.727273
2 10000 0.82644 8264.46281

6
3 5000
0.75131
5 3756.574005
4 5000
0.68301
3 3415.067277
total pv 22708.83136
NPV 7708.831364
IRR 23%
NPV: It is important financial tool which helps to ascertain the profitability which is
associated with project. In the present case, NPV is 7708.831364. This means the project is
profitable in nature (Zolfani and et. al., 2013).
IRR: Another important financial tool which helps to determine the rate of return. In the
present case, IRR is 23% which shows that high amount of return is attached with project.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that decision-making is one of the important
aspect which helps in selection of the most preferable option which helps to improve the
productivity and profitability of organisation. To ascertain the importance of technology on the
business functions of Sainsbury, management conduct research through application of primary
and secondary methods. Primary method helps in attaining the actual views of respondents
regarding the importance of technology for their business and its impact on the profitability of
high street malls. There are many methods are used to interpret the results and conclusions such
statistical tools, measures of dispersion, quartiles, pie charts etc. Still use many financial and
information processing tools to make the business operations more effective.