Types of Business Enterprises and Forms of Share Capital and Long-Term Debt
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This report discusses the different types of business enterprises, such as sole trader, partnership, and companies, and the forms of share capital and long-term debt. It also highlights the difference between equity shares and preference shares. The report is relevant for students studying accounting and finance courses.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3 Three different types of the business enterprises........................................................................3 Difference between two forms of share capital and two forms of long term debt......................4 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION Accounting is being referred to as recording of all the financial transactions and summarising and interpreting the results to the interested parties. For the business accounting is very essential in order to evaluate that how much profitable the business is. The current report will outline the various types of business which can be used or exist within the business environment. Along with this the distinction between the various forms of share capital and the long-term debt will be outlined within the study. MAIN BODY Three different types of the business enterprises There are different forms of business which can be operated by a person or anyone in order to buy or sell their products and services within the business environment (Steward and Li, 2018). All these different types of business enterprises have their own distinct features and benefits. The three different types of business enterprises are as follows- Sole trader- The sole trader is a type of business where in the individual run the business on their own. There is no involvement of any other person and all the risk and profits are being made by the sole trader only (Etim, 2020). All the decisions and responsibilities also rest within the hands of the sole trader only and no other person can interfere within the working. For example Ebay Partnership- On the other hand the partnership is a type of business enterprise where two or more person comes together in order to run the business with some common objectives. Within the partnership all the things are decided by both the partners mutually and all the decisions are also taken by the consent of every partner (Lapinskaya and Manukovskaya, 2019). The partnership under the UK has been governed by the partnership act 1890. The partnership is not a separate legal entity and the partners are having unlimited liability. For example, Uber and Spotify, Apple and Master card and many others. Companies- The company is another type of business enterprise where in the organisation is formed in order to sell and buy the goods and services in order to make profits (Wynn and Jones, 2019). The company can also be referred to as an artificial person or an invisible person who is being created by the people in order to work. Under the company there is limited liability
of the owner because the company and the owners are separate. Unlike partnership here the owners are not having unlimited liability and they enjoy the limited liability. All the working is being taken place in the name of the company only and the owners just have to invest the money (Rahmanita, Asmaniati and Dewi, 2020). For example, AstraZeneca, Unilever and others Difference between two forms of share capital and two forms of long term debt Forms of share capital Equity sharesPreference shares The equity shares are the type of shares which represents the ownership of the person within company. The payment of dividend in case of equity shareholders is being done after clearingalltheliabilitiesofthe company(Cumming,Meoliand Vismara, 2019). The voting rights are present in case of the equity shares. Equitysharescannotbeconverted within the preference shares anytime. Inadditiontothistheequity shareholders do not have any right to get the areas of the evidence relating to the previous years. On the other hand the preference shares are the one which carries a preferential right on the payment of dividend and the repayment of the capital (Walthoff‐ Borm, Vanacker and Collewaert, 2018). Thissimplymeansthatwhenthe company will liquidate at that time the repaymentofcapitalwillbefirst preferredtothepreference shareholders. inagainstofthisthepaymentof dividend to the preference shareholders is a priority and are being done before equity shareholders. In case of preference shares the voting right is not present to the shareholders. Butthepreferencesharescanbe converted within the equity shares with the choice of the person. Ontheotherhandthepreference shareholders have the right for the areas of the dividend in case they are not being provided with the dividend in the previousyear(Meeuwisandet.al.,
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2018). Forms of long term debt BondsLoan Thebondisatypeoflongterm instrumentwhichinvolvesthe governmentoracompanytoraise money by selling the bond. The bond yield rate by the government islowbuttheyaresafeinvestment options (Macaulay, 2017). The bonds which are being sold and purchased within the bond market then in that case the bond prices can move up and down like the prices of stock. On the other hand, loan refers to as the taking off money from bank or other financial institutions the mortgaged or non mortgage. On the other hand the loan interest rates are higher in case of loans and in case of unsecured loan the interest rate is much higher. On the other hand in case of loan rate is generally fixed and the bank lends the amount of money on the same interest rate again (Darmouni and Siani, 2021). CONCLUSION In the end, above report concluded the fact that accounting is very essential for the success of the business. The reason behind this fact is that in case the accounting is not being managed properly then it will not outline the profitability of the business. The above report evaluated that there are different types of business enterprises which can be followed like sole trader partnership and companies. For that also analyse that there a different forms of share capital and long term sources of finance which can be used for public listed companies like common stock preferred shares and others.
REFERENCES Books and Journals Cumming, D., Meoli, M. and Vismara, S., 2019. Investors’ choices between cash and voting rights:Evidencefromdual-classequitycrowdfunding.ResearchPolicy,48(8), p.103740. Darmouni,O.andSiani,K.,2021.Crowdingoutbankloans:Liquidity-drivenbond issuance.Available at SSRN 3693282. Etim, A.S., 2020. The ICT convergence and impact on women-owned micro and small business enterprises: an analysis based on information poverty.International Journal of Gender Studies in Developing Societies,3(3), pp.271-292. Lapinskaya,I.P.andManukovskaya,M.A.,2019.PROPERNAMESOFBUSINESS ENTERPRISESASANOBJECTOFRESEARCHINMODERN LINGUISTICS.ScientificJournalModernLinguisticandMethodical-and-Didactic Researches, (1), pp.10-20. Macaulay, F.R., 2017. From ‘Some Theoretical Problems Suggested by the Movements of Interest Rates, Bond Yield, and Stock Prices in the United States Since 1856’. InBond Duration and Immunization(pp. 33-43). Routledge. Meeuwis, M., Parker, J.A., Schoar, A. and Simester, D.I., 2018.Belief disagreement and portfolio choice(No. w25108). National Bureau of Economic Research. Rahmanita, M., Asmaniati, F. and Dewi, T.R., 2020. Profiling Local Business Enterprises and Direct Effect of Tourism in Villages of Muntei, Madobag and Matotonan, South Siberut, Mentawai, Indonesia.TRJ Tourism Research Journal,4(2), pp.199-213. Steward,F.andLi,C.Q.,2018.Changingpatternsofcollaborationbetweenresearch organizationsandbusinessenterprisesintechnologicalinnovationin China.Management Issues in China: Volume I, pp.167-188. Walthoff‐Borm, X., Vanacker, T.R. and Collewaert, V., 2018. Equity crowdfunding, shareholder structures,andfirmperformance.CorporateGovernance:AnInternational Review,26(5), pp.314-330. Wynn, M. and Jones, P., 2019. Context and entrepreneurship in knowledge transfer partnerships with small business enterprises.The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation,20(1), pp.8-20. Online Difference between Equity Shares and Preference Shares. 2021. [Online]. Available through: < https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-equity-shares-and-preference- shares.html>