Business Ethics and Modern Slavery: A Dissertation on the Modern Slavery Act 2015 and its Effectiveness for ENGIE

This dissertation explores the Modern Slavery Act 2015 and its effectiveness for ENGIE, a multinational energy and service provider. It examines the conceptual framework of the act, ways for producing it in the UK, challenges faced by ENGIE without its use, and recommendations to overcome these challenges. The dissertation aims to understand the modern slavery act and its impact on business ethics.

Dissertation

Table of Contents
Dissertation......................................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Research aim..........................................................................................................................3
Research objective..................................................................................................................3
Research questions.................................................................................................................4
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................4
The conceptual framework of modern slavery act 2015........................................................4
Ways for producing modern slavery act of 2015 in United Kingdom...................................5
Effectiveness of modern slavery act of 2015 for ENGIE.......................................................6
Challenge that would be face by ENGIE without ineffective use of modern slavery act of
2015........................................................................................................................................6
Recommend ways by which challenges associated with modern slavery act of 2015 can be
overcome by ENGIE..............................................................................................................8
Research methodology.....................................................................................................................9
Data analysis..................................................................................................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

Introduction
Modern slavery is present topic within UK. Modern slavery occurs in UK in different forms.
This consists of domestic slavery, sexual exploitation, construction, shops, nail bars,
manufacturing, etc. The major type of slavery within UK is forced labour. There are several
cheap products and services offered to such people. The growth of slavery has increased the
trafficking. There are also scenarios of crime which have been enhanced because of forced
labour. Within UK, it is concluded that trafficking of British children has involved within drug
trafficking and other Nationalists who are forced to work in Cannabis production. There are
various people who are trapped on regular intervals. There are several examples present within
UK that includes examples of people working in private home or streets, washing cars, cleaning
roads, etc. These people are generally treated as slaves. There are several helpline numbers
introduced by UK government for helping modern slaves like this. The number of victims of
modern slavery are rising every year and reached to 10,000 people. This dissertation is based on
the topic Business ethics and modern Slavery. The chosen organisation for this research is
ENGIE. This is a multinational energy and service provider and the headquarters are located in
La Defence, Courbevoie.
Research aim
To understand the modern slavery act of 2015 and how it is processed in UK.
Research objective
 To understand the conceptual framework of modern slavery act 2015
 To determine the ways for producing modern slavery act of 2015 in United Kingdom.
 To identify the effectiveness of modern slavery act of 2015 for ENGIE.
 To ascertain challenge that would be face by ENGIE without ineffective use of modern
slavery act of 2015.
 To recommend ways by which challenges associated with modern slavery act of 2015
can be overcome by ENGIE

Research questions
 What is the conceptual framework of modern slavery act 2015 ?
 Explain different ways for producing modern slavery act of 2015 in United Kingdom ?
 What is the effectiveness of modern slavery act of 2015 for ENGIE ?
 Determine various challenge that would be face by ENGIE without ineffective use of
modern slavery act of 2015 ?
 Recommend ways by which challenges associated with modern slavery act of 2015 can
be overcome by ENGIE ?
Literature Review
The conceptual framework of modern slavery act 2015
According to the International Labour organisation (ILO), it is stated that there are
approximately 40 million individuals who are working as slave in this whole world. Modern
slavery is one of the fastest growing crime and numbers are increasing every year. There is
limitation of present literature on contemporary slavery and this includes ignoring history of
slavery. International migration is known as one of the biggest challenge within era of
globalisation. There are also political debate held within recent years and they have provided
certain regulations within few years. There are various individuals who have been migrated to
different countries. There are some environmental degradation, natural disaster and industrial
pollutants which have been the reason for individuals to migrate from one country to another.
There are various vulnerable people who are taking risk for providing help to their families. It
can be considered as an apparently good job within UK and these people have to take loan from
traffickers in advance. When people are trapped within no possession, then there are no means of
returning and reliant on the traffickers.
The modern slavery act is defined as the number of measurement which is used in aspect of
slavery and human trafficking. Whereas, this is about creating new criminal offences, power and
enforcement and allow this to protect victim. This introduce various requirement to eradicate the
core of slavery and trafficking in world wide. The modern slavery act is coming in existence at
2015. it originated from parliament of United Kingdom. This act is design due to tale f9ight
against modern slavery which is going in UK. This act is tough and contain several provision.
Some of these are:

 Consolidation of existing slavery and trafficking which is going in high number.
 Creation of new statutory protect defence against for slavery who is committing criminal
offence in their regions.
 Provision which expel child trafficking rule based on law and law amend for higher
punishment
As per this, the law state that various circumstance which is faced in England by worker
who wrote the commitment of slavery. They face violence and sexual exploitation, as per this
government start to analyse the overall scenario. This analysis help government in such a
decision to amend a law to reduce number of cases from slavery.
Ways for producing modern slavery act of 2015 in United Kingdom.
The modern slavery act 2015 was published for transparency within supply chain
consultation. This act helped for strengthening the rights of labours and employees working
within the workplace. There were different proposals developed for making final Modern slavery
act. There were following factors on the basis of which business organisations are tackling
modern slavery which are mentioned below –
Contents – The reason for mandating area for modern slavery statement is involved in covering
various topics that an Act has for equality within workplace. There are various voluntary areas
including organisational structure, supply chain and business, policies, diligence process. There
are several organisations which have to express the slavery and human trafficking. There are
various areas which focus on restructuring new areas of consultation.
Timing – There is need of setting uniform reporting period in order to manage the deadline and
develop agreement. Organisations have to manage the reporting timeline and develop the UK
regime. According to Modern slavery Act 2018, it is concluded that reporting regimes are
organised.
Publication - There is requirement for organisations in order to publish statements within
Government for encouraging and publishing statements while services are voluntarily managed.
There is need for developing effective development of agreements in relation to the legislative
change that is involved in managing force of this act.
Approval - The amendment of legislations for making some current requirements clear is
necessity for specifying approval of the act and identification of the act regulations.

Public organisations – This is involved within reporting the requirements of public hosts for
modern slavery statements. Government has to consider several actions in accordance with
single enforcement body in relation to employment rights.
Effectiveness of modern slavery act of 2015 for ENGIE.
The modern slavery and human trafficking statement has been disclosing in agreement with
the Modern Slavery Act 2015 that primed the steps which were taken by determined organisation
body of the ENGIE group of company during the fiscal year to prevent modern slavery and
human trafficking in enterprise and supplying series. As the structural component of our
originality to determine and justify risk factor that operates the range of plan of actions and
activity that appropriate to our commercial enterprise where all staff are disciplined on their
evocation. These involves the plan, policies and process in respect of dealings to Anti-slavery
trafficking. These all are evaluated and modified when essentially needed.
ENGIE will work to the cure of any areas where the provider does not meet the modular or
do not precede with applicable standards. It may at long last includes the termination of trade
with provider who express the continual inattention for important elements of the environmental,
societal, ethical or economic performance or that may do not need to meet the intrinsic standard
for selection.
ENGIE integrated and express the written agreement with duties and regulations within the
standardized terms and agreement of the enterprise in respect of modern slavery and human
trafficking requiring those who work with the follow according to the law. It also operates the
conspirator policy, establish the following allegiance to reduction of any of ethical practices in
the work area. This policy alleviates an autonomous coverage services that addressable for all
workers, officers, advisor, contractors, causal employees and authority employees who may
knowledgeable and experienced or informant duplicitous or immoral behaviour, health and
safety failure, annoyance, bullying, molestation, harassment or other forms of false action.
ENGIE understands the necessity of get rid of modern slavery and human trafficking and
guaranteed the supplying series that are free from such actions.
Challenge that would be face by ENGIE without ineffective use of modern slavery act of 2015.
The Modern Slavery Act 2015 concerned to both private and public sections and
partnerships no matter which sector it continues this will directly united in the United Kingdom.
Organization who fit the standards have the duties to publish the slavery and human trafficking

statements in every six months after the company's financial year ending. As per the section 53
of act 2015 the private or public company has been taken the following steps during the slavery
and human trafficking act ensures the supply chain or the part of specific business. The following
statement may also involves the information on organizational structure, business values and
supply chain that ensures the relations to slavery and human trafficking.
UK has set the good objective in establishing the Modern Slavery Act in terms of source of
references that specifically refers the UK act and it is likely to change that the global supply
chain might enhance the governing body would theories which were clear on the UK structural.
The private and public section provides the judicial work of duty that involves the business
institutions, administrative body, governing body, and so on other sectorial performa. It
concentrates on the main industrial sections like energy, financial organization, infrastructure,
mining, commodities, transport, technology and most important innovation that enables the
scientific life and healthcare faculty.
It supplies the communications equipment, informatics technique services and the other
faculty of management services. It may ensure the marketing such as commodity provider and
league supplier or the office renders and providers that possess the professional services like
auditing, judicial attorney, banks. Insurers and executive agencies. The sections execute the
human right policies in 2016 that assist by the Business and human right training. This
concentrates onto the sections to business and human rights order of business schedule that
explains the main principles of regarded policies and it is allowable in value to all the faculty or
administrative body that specify it according to their functions and operations that affect the
policies.
The philosophy of ethical and social group of policies that are published on the computer
network that may inspires the staff and members to study it and evaluate the uncertainty that
follows the societal critical modals that involves the slavery, forced or child labour and human
trafficking as well as it ensures the human rights issues that may observed by the every sort of
group who raised in confidence and becomes the good examples of trafficked labour working
class and that clearly expects in to its report. It merely ensures that the recruitment, promotion
and development to those people as they were well- developed as by their nature that engaged
the diverse policies and plan to over looked the versatile workforce that is inclusively accepts the
taking up manner to evaluates the members of staff and management by those it involves the

staff and management potential to appropriate the administrative council body to protect it from
high risk and helps to prevent the high risk situation.
Recommend ways by which challenges associated with modern slavery act of 2015 can be
overcome by ENGIE
Modern slavery is the broad term which is associated slavery, servitude, forced,
compulsory labour and human trafficking. To solve this issues and problems which is faced by
UK people, this association is opened in 2015. To tackle the issues slavery act, 2015, which is
applied by the various organisation in the companies to tackle this problem and trying to
complete the individual rights for the UK people. In ENGIE company, they are the one who
established that act and use the act in the company by appointing black people and those who are
suffer from these challenges. There are various recommendation which are given to the ENGINE
company to overcome this challenge and use this act in the day to day life-cycle to achieve the
desired objective of the company. First thing to make the easiest way to follow this act in the
company, as most of the companies think that it is the complex, hidden and challenging process
to establishing in the organisation. Another approach is a good leadership style will help the
ENGIE to make the difference in the industry and stand alone to fight from this challenge and
issues. Furthermore those companies who are aligned with this act must make the response to
make more progress and strategies to make the plan, policies and performance indicators.
Another suggestion which must be used by the ENGIE company is to make the collaboration but
not to work in the competitive barrier in the work culture of the company. As this is the NGO
which are work for the development of the people of UK. So it is not right to work and perform
in the competitive environment. In addition with the recommendation, the another driver is to
have the reputation risk which effect the productivity of the company and influence the price
policy. This is being very important to work in the best ethical and sustainable development.
This is work which is used to associated with the corporate action as most of the companies are
try to addressing the risk factors and work according to that. With the help of sustainable
solutions and modern slavery techniques take time to resolve but it require the urge attention and
action to complete the task. It is the journey of the work, which is helpful in addressing the
problems and manage the task and activities require to solve the basic slavery problems. ENGIE
company acknowledge the manufacturing industry which face high risk of forced supply chain
labour. They try to develop the RBA development approach to the use by modern slavery 2015.

Research methodology
The research methodology is a process used by investigators while maintaining the working
of different research processes. It is considered that the research methodology must be effective
so that research aims and objectives are properly achieved. There is need to develop a perfect
plan and explore research aims. The exploration of effective management within research is
required for completing the work effectively. this is very important for all investigators to
analyse and manage the completion of research effectively and for that research onion processes
are followed. The research theory comprises of several activities that are involved in managing
different activities and tasks. There is need to evaluate and analyse different research activities in
order to accomplish the objectives. There is need for developing new ways for managing the
tasks and activities. There is different logic involved in completing the research work. the
different processes involved within research work are mentioned below -
Research Philosophy – It is known as value or belief of the researcher towards certain
factors of research. This is concluded that research activities and tasks and completed in effective
manner and they are managed on the basis of certain beliefs and values. It is efficient that
researcher is using effective accurate research philosophy while completing the project work.
There are different belief or assumption according to which different task and practices of the
research will be performed. It is essential that researcher is considering correct or accurate
research philosophy in order to gather accurate outcomes of the research as well as attain desired
goals. The research philosophy is defined as the way in which researchers are completing
different processes used for completing a successful research. There are basically two type of
research approaches including Interpretivism and positivism research philosophy. It is essential
that researcher is determining different elements and aspects. In order to conduct this research
practices investigator is considering positivism research philosophy. This is accurate and
appropriate in order to find correct or accurate information about the topic.
Research Approach – Research approach is defined as the way by which investigator is able
to manage the work and know what is to be done in order to have efficient research. There is
need to have significant management of collecting and gathering information for managing the
completion of good research. A research approach helps researcher for managing the collection

of accurate information and data that can be used for conducting data analysis. This is known as
a deliberate strategy involved within research for gathering as well as collecting right type of
data and information. There is requirement of collecting information associated with modern
slavery act 2015 in this research. It is done by collecting and grabbing information from different
articles and journals. Also, information is taken from websites of ENGIE company. These
include different ways to manage research activities and tasks that will help to maintain efficient
working. There is need for managing and handling different research activities associated with
modern slavery research act and how it is used within ENGIE. There are basically two type of
research approaches including deductive and inductive approach. In context of this research, it is
concluded that deductive approach is used for managing and handling data. This approach helps
in managing the working of researcher. There is need to develop new research abilities in order
to manage and handle the work in proper manner. There are both primary and secondary method
used for collecting the information and data regarding modern slavery act 2015 and how it is
used within ENGIE. All the companies are making effective plans in order to implement this
plan within the business working. This helps in creating good solutions for the companies to
manage working and functioning.
Data Collection Tools – It is defined as the way by which data is collected for completing
the research work. There is need to manage and evaluate data properly so that work can be
managed according to the scenario of research. There is need for evaluating the research work
and maintaining it in proper manner. Different methods of data collection are mentioned below-
 Primary sources - When a data is first time and directly collected by the people through
the interview, research and events. It is directly collected by the researcher for some
specific project and it is not used in past by anyone else. Primary data can be qualitative
and quantitative it will depends upon the type of the project. It can be collected by the
interviews, dairy. Primary data is collected through the first hand information taken from
the respondents. Secondary sources - This is known as the type of information and data which is
collected from articles, journals, magazines, etc. It is not authentic and reliable as
compared to the primary data. There are some issues and drawbacks that are associated
with data collection through secondary sources as it can also be a case that the available
information is not complete, hence the researcher has to deal with the problem and this

can have a negative impact over the results of the research. Therefore, if the secondary
data available does not answer the research question, it is not relevant for the research
and hence, cannot be used.
Types of Investigation – There is investigation used for managing the attainment of research
aims and objectives. There is need for evaluating and developing new ways to manage the work.
it is important to manage and develop proper process for completing the research activities and
tasks. It is efficient for the research methodology to be properly analysed as it helps to complete
the work effectively. there are two different type of research investigation involved in this
project. These are mentioned below –
 Quantitative research - Quantitative research is defined as the one in which there is
need to manage the research work in efficient manner. There is process in which
information is collected and gathered for completing research. There is need to manage
and evaluate different scenarios for collecting appropriate data and managing the
completion of research work.
is the process of gathering information to quantify the problem in the numerical form
which is transformed in the usable manner . As it is in the numerical form and they are
analysed in the mathematical and statically method. If there is no number in the research
this will not the quantitative research. It can be collected from the various sources such as
observation, surveys, and by the secondary data, paper surveys, face to face interviews
and online polls. Qualitative research - Qualitative research is any which does not contains the number or
the numerical term. It is in the language and in the words and also not having the pictures
Qualitative data is collected from the interviews, observation, and secondary data. It has
the wide range of sources to collect data. it is used to discover the depth knowledge and
understanding of individual experience, opinions and thoughts. It is used in the
unstructured and structured technique (Ryder and et.al., 2020). Respective method
include numbers of images or picture as well as data which help researcher in presenting
information in most effective and proper manner.
Data Sampling – It is essential for researcher to have proper data sampling practices in order
to find correct and accurate number of sample that will represent whole population. The data
sampling is the essential thought of the researcher as it chiefly recreates over the choice of

unique population. There are essentially two kinds of inspecting strategy that is probabilistic and
non-probabilistic technique. In the current research, random sampling methods is consider as
likelihood examining is being actualized by the analyst since it helps in choice of huge measure
of test inside least time span. Through this method of data sampling investigator will be able to
find correct and accurate information about the topic as well as take accurate decisions.
Ethical Consideration – It is crucial for researcher to conduct research practices by
considering research ethics. This will lead to have major impact over successful and effective
functioning of research practices. Research ethics and morals are assessed as the powerful key
that are executed to examine the appropriate situation among what is good and bad about the acts
of examination. It is significant for agent to attempt research in a moral way as it gives help with
taking right an important choice to reach a substantial inference. For this, there are some moral
standards, for example, secrecy, data assent a soon follow by analyst at the hour of executing an
investigation. This can be contributing in social event solid information straight forwardly from
chose respondents.
Data analysis
There are several articles and journals used while completing this file. These helped in
knowing the framework of modern slavery act 2015 in effective manner. The MODERN
SLAVERY ACT 2015 aim to secure all kinds of labour or workers exploitation and try to create
transparency between labour and management team regarding work in supply chain. Modern
slavery is a kind of crime or say an internation crime which affects approximate 40 million
people in this world. From 2015 it is mandatory to prepare a statement which called slavery and
human trafficking statement for all commercial organisations which operate in UK and their
annual turnover is more than £36 million. Government of UK published more details regarding
act that how this will applicable on an organisation. It can be said that this act protect labour
rights and value. This act approved from parliament in July 2015 and the first UK anti slavery
commissioner Mr. Kevin Hyland present the annual report related with labour exploitation. This
is most relevant form of this slavery in UK. The most related form of labour exploitation are as
follows:
 when a person is pressurised to provide service to clear the loan amount which individual
took from lender,is called bonded labour.

 When a person work in an organisation in poor conditions with less than minimum wages
without required health and safety environment , it's called abusive labour.
This act protects labour from all these exploitation because it is not legal way to take work from
labours on the basis of loan and wages.
The slavery and human trafficking statement is necessary to prepare for each and every financial
year in UK for companies which supply their service or goods with minimum £36 million and
more turnover annually. This act completely applicable on those companies which operated in
UK fully or partly basis but not applicable on subsidiary companies that operated outside UK.
ENGIE UK the world's top most energy and services company, and a part of wider global
ENGIE group. which focus on main three activities these are :
 Services and Regeneration of energy
 production of energy
 supply of energy
This company worked with efficient, active and fully capable 15000 employees. They helps the
company to reduce the effect of carbon and try to make an efficient environment with a positive
effect on people. ENGIE UK is fully committed with this act, they make sure that slavery is not
taking place in their work operations, performance and supply chain. According to modern
slavery act ENGINE UK also prepare a statement of slavery and human trafficking on the basis
of annual turnover. In this company follows all guideline related with this and ensure people that
slavery is not in their organisation and transparency is including in all the stages of the business.
It is promise of the organisation that every one including labour to management team is equally
treated during work and there are no issues regarding labour exploitation. The main focus of
slavery and human trafficking act is to maintain a equal work environment for everyone. In this
way ENGINE UK try to fulfil all legal requirement according to guideline. There are some main
facts regarding this act, including with the guidelines that which key information should be there
in statement, what are the main information should be included in it and what steps should be
taken to prepare this statement. Some key points which is important to include in slavery
statement as per act these are-

Slavery statement must includes with these key information of business-
The first key point is performance of an organisation should be clean, in this way
detailed the effective steps taken against modern slavery. Detailed that how slavery risk
operated and managed in supply chain. Align with complete explanation that how an
organisation give training to its supply chain member and workers regarding modern slavery
issues. Goods and services, business model, and arrangement of supply chain which is effect the
business environment and labours, must be included in this. A policy which is prepare to reduce
the risk of slavery in organisation should be mentioned in this statement.
Main focus of the act
It can be said that, this act extremely in favour of labours and try to make them free
from slavery. In UK, this is the responsibility of every organisation to ensure that modern slavery
is not taking place in their business and its supply chain. If an organisation not taking any step
related with modern slavery than the organisation have to suffer many issues related with
reputation. At another side if a competitor organisation published many more information about
its steps taken against modern slavery than it will beneficiary for competitor organisation. The
main focus of this act is to make a high level management in business with transparency and
prevent from issues related to modern slavery. This statement completely approved by board of
directors of company and signed by minimum one director of the company. It is compulsory to
publish this statement on official website of an organisation and the related link should be visible
on company's home page.
The following steps should be considered to prepare the statement
It includes all the related member of business and labour supply chain. In which
suppliers of goods, worker, employment agencies, vendors, employment workers and non
employment workers of supply chain should be included. If related information is not ready
completely than company can take proper time to prepare this statement.
The process also mentioned in statement that how labour issues can be discuss with supply chain
members in business.
Mentioned the risk factor that related with modern slavery and also mention the procedure to
identify this risk for an organisation.
The policies for labour and supply chain members and training which is given to labour to secure
their rights must be included in this.

After identified risk factor company should prepare a risk mitigation strategy to deal with these
risk factors or issues and this strategy must be used by organisation in such conditions.
It is mandatory to gave a public message through communication team when slavery and human
trafficking statement can issued by an organisation.
Conclusion

REFERENCES
Books and Journals