Business Finance: NPV, IRR, WACC, Dividend Payment and Right Issue

This report covers topics such as NPV, IRR, WACC, Dividend Payment and Right Issue in Business Finance. It includes calculations and analysis for decision making. The report compares two projects of Better Plc and measures the net present value and internal rate of return of the given data which helps the company to choose one of the best projects among the two exclusive projects of Better Plc. It also advises the company to change its cost of capital if it maximizes by 20% in the next 5 years. In another question, it finds the ex-rights price per share, net cash raised, and the value of rights for the Hanging Valley Plc along with the merits and demerits of the right issue. In the last question, it calculates the fair price and new price of the Planet Plc. Also, it identifies the issues related to the dividend growth model of valuing shares.

UGB 223 Business
Finance

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
QUESTION 2..................................................................................................................................3
a) Compute NPV and suggest which project should be accepted...............................................3
b) Calculate IRR and on the basis of this which project should be accepted..............................4
c) If the cost of capital increase to 20 % in year 5, then does the changes would be advisable..4
QUESTION 3..................................................................................................................................5
Calculate the following:...............................................................................................................5
a) the theoretical ex-rights price per share...................................................................................5
b) net cash raised.........................................................................................................................6
c) Value of rights.........................................................................................................................6
d) Discuss the pros and cons of right issue..................................................................................7
QUESTION 4..................................................................................................................................8
a) Compute the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) using the market weightings..........8
b) Critically discuss whether the company is integration a sensible level of capital structure
and can minimise the WACC......................................................................................................8
QUESTION 6..................................................................................................................................9
The size of the annual dividend to return to its shareholders for the factors which needs to be
considered....................................................................................................................................9
The practical issues that need to be considered when deciding on the size of the dividend
payment........................................................................................................................................9
b) Calculate the three options....................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The report discusses about the comparison of two projects of better plc and measure the net
present value and internal rate of return of the given data which helps the company to choose one
of the best project among the two exclusive projects of better plc (Alexander and Dakos, 2020).
Also it advises the company to change its cost of capital if it maximise by 20% in next 5 years.
In another question they find the ex-rights price per share. Net cash raised and the value of rights
for the hanging valley plc along with the merits and demerits of right issue. In last question, it
calculates the fair price and new price of the planet plc. Also, it identifies the issue related to the
dividend growth model of valuing shares.
QUESTION 2
a) Compute NPV and suggest which project should be accepted.
Year Net Cash inflow (in Millions) PV factor @ 12%
Discounted cash
inflow
Year 1 40 0.892 35.68
Year 2 50 0.797 39.85
Year 3 60 0.711 42.66
Year 4 60 0.635 38.1
Year 5 80 0.567 45.36
Cash inflow of discounted factor 202.65
NPV = Total cash inflow – Total cash outflow
= 202.65 – 150
= 52.65
Project B
Year Net Cash flow (in Millions) PV factor @ 12%
Discounted cash
flow
Year 1 80 0.892 71.36
Year 2 80 0.797 63.76

Year 3 50 0.711 35.55
Year 4 40 0.635 25.4
Year 5 30 0.567 17.01
Cash Flow 213.08
NPV = Total cash inflow – Total cash outflow
= 213.08 – 152
= 61.08
Analysis: According to the calculations, both projects are advantageous and deliver good returns
on investment. When the NPV approach is applied to both projects, it is discovered that project
A is more sustainable than project B because it provides a higher return for a lower investment.
b) Calculate IRR and on the basis of this which project should be accepted.
Period Inflows PV @ 14% Cash Flow PV @ 18% Cash Flow
0 275,000 1 -275,000 1 -275,000
1 72,500 0.88 63,800 0.85 61,625
2 72,500 0.77 55,825 0.72 52,200
3 72,500 0.68 49,300 0.61 44,225
4 72,500 0.61 44,225 0.52 37,700
5 72,500 0.54 39,150 0.44 31,900
6 72,500 0.48 34,800 0.37 26,825
Residual value
at the end 41,250 0.48 19,800 0.37 15,263
Net Present Value 31,900 -5,262
c) If the cost of capital increase to 20 % in year 5, then does the changes would be advisable.
Years Inflows PV @ 12% Discounted Cash
Flow

0 275000 1 -275,000
1 72,500 0.89 64,525
2 72,500 0.80 58,000
3 72,500 0.71 51,475
4 72,500 0.64 46,400
5 72,500 0.57 41,325
6 72,500 0.51 36,975
Residual value at
the end
41,250 0.51 20,138
Net Present Value 48,838
The cost of capital is increase to 20% in the 5th year, so from that it is advised to select
project A for the purpose of investment.
QUESTION 3
Calculate the following:
Issue shares = 2 m
Nominal Value = £ 1
Issue price for market = 80%
Current market price = £ 2.75
Issue Costs = £ 50000
a) the theoretical ex-rights price per share
= (New Shares * Issue Price) + (Old Share * Market Price) / (New Shares + Old Shares)
Particulars Condition 1 Condition 2 Condition 3
Recommended prices to issue shares £ 1.80 £ 1.60 £ 1.40
Fund to be increased £ 180,000 £ 180,000 £ 180,000
Number of shares required to issue £ 100,000 £ 112,500 £ 128,571

Pre right issue £ 1140,000 £ 1140,000 £ 1140,000
Post right issue £1320,000 £1320,000 £1320,000
Theoretical ex-right price £ 1.89 £ 1.85 £ 1.81
b) net cash raised
The computation done below is based on the information available by the formula:
Estimated EPS = Share before issue of rights * (TERP/ Current market price)
Given Information:
Current Market Rate = £ 1.90
Shares available = £ 600,000 shares
Return on shareholders’ fund = £ 140,000
Particulars Amount (in £) Amount (in £) Amount (in £)
Suggested right issue
prices
1.8 1.6 1.4
Fund to be raised 180000 180000 180000
Number of shares
needed to issue
100000 112500 128571.53
Pre right issue 1140000 1140000 1140000
Post right issue 1320000 1320000 1320000
Theoretical ex – right
price
1.89 1.85 1.81
One right value 0.01 0.05 0.09
Fair value of shares 95238.1 97297.3 99447.51
Bonus Fraction 50390.53 52593.14 54943.38
Expected earnings
per share (EPS)
596842 584211 571579
c) Value of rights.
Calculations:

Particular Amount (£) Amount (£) Amount (£)
Recommended right issue prices £1.80 £1.60 £1.40
Fund to be increase £180,000 £180,000 £180,000
Number of shares to be issued: £100,000 £112,500 £128,571
Exist number of shares £600,000 £600,000 £600,000
Ratio of new share to existing one £0.17 £0.19 £0.21
Issue of right share hold by present
shareholder
Issue of 1 for 6 right
shares hold
Issue of 9 for
48 right shares
hold
Issue of 3 for
14 right shares
hold
d) Discuss the pros and cons of right issue.
A firm's existing shareholders are invited to buy more shares through a right share issue.
Current shareholders are granted security in the event of the right to purchase additional
apartments at a reduced price than the competition. Hanging Valley Plc need financial support,
therefore they provided the necessary stocks to enable them to manufacture processes or
complete their responsibilities efficiently (Aysan and et.al., 2021). There are discussing
advantages and disadvantage of right issue such as:
Pros
1. The Fastest Possible Strategy to Improve Capital is to Issue the Right Issue: As it is more
of an independent entity than public offerings, the right issue has less laws and
regulations. The only procedure in place in the right issue is that registered enterprises
must submit a letter of offer to SEBI and exchanging platforms for public consideration
and approval since releasing more units.
2. Inflation in Promoter Equity Stakes: One of the most compelling arguments for
conservatism is that it encourages entrepreneurs to expand their holdings. Investors can
sign up for a "stopped participation portion" of the stock, thus boosting their ownership.
Disadvantage

1. Raise revenue up to a certain amount- An obvious downside is that a company cannot
acquire a specific quantity in the event of a crisis (IPO). The amount of money a
company can raise through a core issue is usually limited by stock markets (Babich and
Birge, 2020).
2. The value of each unit could be diluted- When a corporation issues equity shares to raise
capital, the stakes of current investors may be lowered. When the proportion of stock
holdings decreases due to the entrance of stock holders, property investors face a tough
situation.
QUESTION 4
a) Compute the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) using the market weightings.
Particular Amount Weights Cost of Capital WACC
Equity Share capital 200 0.10752688 18% 1.95%
Preference Share Capital 300 0.16129032 7% 1.13%
Reserves and surplus 150 0.08064516 24% 1.94%
Bonds 650 0.34946237 9% 3.15%
Bank Notes 560 0.30107527 9% 2.71%
Total 1860 1
WACC 10.87
%
Cost of equity = Rf + Beta * (Rm – Rf)
= 7% + 1.21 * 9.1% = 0.18 = 18.11%
b) Critically discuss whether the company is integration a sensible level of capital structure and
can minimise the WACC.
Even without the actual wording, an overall capital value is assessed at 18.11%. These
indicate that WACC will be reduced by 10.87% due to the completion of each valid capital
change, thus helping the company to reduce possible uses. Jordan Plc will be prepared to spend
these funds and assets to deliver potential outcomes for the planned businesses and operations

(Blackwell and Kohl, 2018). Chiefs may choose to acquire new equipment that can be used more
from time to time to increase the efficiency of the guild and enable hierarchies.
The gearing features a link between the promise of the party and the financial exchange.
Organizations like Jordan Plc would be well suited to maintain a balance between domestic and
global resources, provided they tap into that degree.
Weighted normal capital expense: This can be described as a financing cost or instalment
and should be imposed on an element's financial backers, especially the owner. It is not entirely
characterized by overall communication, nor by directors. Variable values, propensity tools, and
commitments are listed when inspected (Hassan and Mollah, 2018).
Infrastructure is the system that an association needs to control its obligations and securities
transactions through representational commitments. This helps companies identify assets that are
expected to scale and fulfil layered tasks. In different aspects, the time frame spent on
commitments, financial exchanges and different protections may be considered.
QUESTION 6
The size of the annual dividend to return to its shareholders for the factors which needs to be
considered.
 Profitability and expansion: The higher the expected growth and productivity, the lower
the dividend should be, because the financial investors of funds will misjudge the return
on capital of the organization, so the speculative value will increase with the value of the
organization itself (Hassan, Khan and Paltrinieri, 2019).
 Liquidity: Assuming that the organization needs reserves, it prefers the lower profit scale
because the holding is a source of funding and does not need to be acquired externally at
a fixed cost.
The practical issues that need to be considered when deciding on the size of the dividend
payment.
i) Before declaring profits, the profit shifting criteria set out in the Companies Act
should be met. The size is subject to the conditions set out in the company law
ii) Deadline for profit instalments - the company needs to assess whether it has too much
assets to deliver profits. Productivity does not equal mobility. Subsequently, the
available reserves limit the size of the dividend (Kong and et.al., 2021).

iii) Set the correct market assumptions - If an organization declares abnormally high
profits in a particular year, the market may expect that it should keep up with the size
of the profits. Subsequently, forgiving the size of the dividend is crucial
b) Calculate the three options.
Wealth of Shareholder = Market value of Shares held + Dividend received + Market value
of Shares newly allotted - Loss in value of shares due to dividend / scrip dividend
In all 3 cases, since there is no value creation, wealth of shareholder will remain same. Existing
wealth
= 432 * 1250 = 540,000
i) cash dividend payment A cash dividend payment of 15p per share = 15 * 1250 + (432
- 15) * 1250 = 18,750 + 521,250 = 540,000
(Cash per share * shares held) + (shares held * new market value per share)
ii) A 5% scrip dividend = 1250 * 105% * (540,000 / (1250 * 105%) = 540,000
(new total shares * new Market value per share)
iii) A repurchase of 15 % of ordinary share capital at the current market price = 187.5 *
432 + 1062.5 * 432 = 540,000
(Cash for 187.5 shares + Market value of remaining shares)
CONCLUSION
As it is concluded from the above report, it analyses that which project is more suitable for
the company better plc. It finds out through the calculation of internal rate of return and net
present value. Afterwards it suggests the company to change in cost of capital of next 5 years if
its above 20%. In another step, it determines the price per share, value of rights and net cash
raise of the hanging plc company along with the advantages and disadvantage so right issue. At
last it determines fair and new price of the planet plc company and find the problems which arise
with the dividend growth model.

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