Business Finance: Investment Alternatives, Capital Structure and Responsibility Dilemma

This article discusses the responsibility dilemma that arises when ownership and management are split in an organization, investment alternatives such as Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Payback period, and the relationship between the cost of capital and Net Present Value estimations. It also explores Wholesale Foods PLC's weighted average cost of capital and its findings when evaluated against IRR estimates.

Business finance

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
PART 1: THE BOARD MEETING:..............................................................................................1
The basic aim of economic business is to maximise shareholder wealth, but this contrasts with
its non-fiscal objectives...............................................................................................................1
When ownership and management are split in an organisation, the responsibility dilemma
could occur...................................................................................................................................2
PART 2: INVESTMENT ALTERNATIVES:.................................................................................3
Net Present Value........................................................................................................................3
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Estimation....................................................................................3
Payback period.............................................................................................................................3
Indicate whether the task must be carried out and, if yes, which equipment must be purchased3
PART 3: CAPITAL STRUCTURE:................................................................................................4
Discuss the notion of cost of capital to the members of the company and determine Wholesale
Foods PLC's weighted average cost of capital............................................................................4
Describe the relationship between the cost of capital and the Net Present Value estimations
that are calculated in as a component of Part 2...........................................................................5
What do the findings of evaluating Wholesale Foods PLC's weighted average cost of
investment to the IRR estimates in Part 2 say to the corporation................................................5
PART 4: DEBT FINANCE:............................................................................................................6
Explain and contrast convertible mortgage security and lending capital with incentives,
emphasising the benefits of those to a potential shareholder......................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

PART 1: THE BOARD MEETING:
The basic aim of economic business is to maximise shareholder wealth, but this contrasts with its
non-fiscal objectives
It is critical to understand the company's aims and ambitions in ability to execute it
smoothly. According to the presented case situation, Wholesale Foods Plc is laser-focused on its
aims and targets. Focusing on the organisation's strategy and accomplishments reaps incalculable
rewards for the company. It not just boosts the company's revenue, but it also draws additional
investors (Aliu, Aigbavboa and Thwala, 2021). The addition of new owners boosts the
company's financial resources while also increasing its obligations. According to one of
Wholesale Foods Plc's co-coordinators, as the company expands, the growing variety of
investors could become a disadvantage. Maintaining a big number of stakeholders is
advantageous since deficits may be readily absorbed using the finances of the investors. Besides
that, stockholders are entitled to a portion of the company's stock in exchange for the investment
they contribute. This adds to the level of interfering with organisational decision-making. As a
result, disputes amongst some of the executives of the company rise as stockholders seek to
enhance the group's revenue. Furthermore, according to established understanding, the primary
purpose of investors in maximising assets is to maximise the existing worth of their potential
dividend. This shows that now the investors engage in the company with the intention of making
a huge return from their capital. The fundamental goal of Wholesale Foods Plc is to expand its
profitability margins.
Aside from just that, Wholesale Foods Plc's corporate goal is to do industry research.
Besides that, corporate aims comprise paying attention to the company's main purpose, which is
to make a lot of money. Wholesale Foods Plc, on either side, has certain non-fiscal objectives in
addition to corporate aims, such as giving optimum consumer happiness via its goods. In
addition, it entails designing the network and evaluating it to the executives of the company.
Additional purpose of the business is to improve a worker's skills and expertise by offering
appropriate retraining. One of the company's non-monetary priorities is to have a long-term
strategy. It’s often suggested that non-fiscal aims conflict with monetary objectives. To reach the
proper selection and undertake successful actions, the company should be informed of all of its
monetary and non-monetary purposes (Anjaningrum, 2020).

When ownership and management are split in an organisation, the responsibility dilemma could
occur
If the owners are displaced from respective positions, there really are primarily 3 functional
difficulties which develop in the company. The initial problem which occurs is a disagreement
among the firm's ownership and its management. Additional disagreement emerges involving the
institution's dominant investors and the minor stockholders. Besides that, there seems to be a
disagreement regarding the company's director and its 3rd entities, such as other workers, key
clients, and many others. Companies could suffer a significant deficit as a result of the
aforementioned problem, and it will have a significant consequence on the organisation's
revenue. As a result, the aforementioned difficulties might be regarded as the most significant
concerns which might occur as a result of the split of investors from management. The
company's proprietor is referred to as the company's decision-maker, while the recruited
managers are referred to as the company's representatives. The primary mentioned concerns arise
in the company as a result of the directors' fears. As per the shareholders, the administrators are
in charge of all activities, and as a result, they overlook to follow their individual objectives,
resulting in a dispute among them. Disputes arise owing to strength of influence in the next issue,
which is amongst significant and small investors. As per the given scenario, the founders have
dominating abilities; hence their interests trump those of the stockholders, resulting in a dispute
among groups. Trouble emerges in the organisation as a result of many problems, according to
the depicted explanation. The preceding rationale is proved to be the judgement and views of
threat, besides other things. As per threat discrimination, the operator is the hazard taker, while
the representative is the person who minimizes the firm's harm. As a result, this source of dispute
could also be referred to as the activity of encouraging executives and other organisational
workers to address disagreements (Asp and Andersson, 2021). Such issues also have a
significant effect on the institution's revenue. As a result, it is critical to decrease interpersonal
disagreement in sequence to achieve the company's aims and ambitions. The primary purpose of
Wholesale Foods Plc is to make a large revenue while minimising exposure. Furthermore, there
seem to be regulatory solutions that could be used to simply solve the firm's challenges. There
seem to be 2 constitutional ways for keeping the institution's costs under limits. The legislative
approach is among the judicial approaches, while the management approach is the other.

PART 2: INVESTMENT ALTERNATIVES:
Net Present Value
The NPV of equipment 1 is judged to be £ 123.17, as per the assessment. The
NPV machinery, on either side, is valued at £87.50. Furthermore, the NPV is determined based
on the specified collected information. It was also determined that, in terms of financial flows,
the NPV of machinery one is higher than those of equipment 2. By divided the net cash flow by
the discounted rates and the time duration, the NPV was calculated. According to the facts
presented, a 10% discount rate is recommended, with such a three-year duration span (Bilos and
Galic, 2016).
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Estimation
In addition to determine the greatest offer and the real level of interest from both offers, the
IRR is also determined. The very initial equipment's intrinsic rate of yield is estimated to be 155
percent. Similarly, the next machinery's estimated an intrinsic rate of yield is estimated to be 324
percent. As a result of this calculation, it is determined that now the rates of interest of unit 1 is
lower than those of equipment 2. The disparity among the potential price and the initial price is
used to calculate the IRR. The total is split by the initial amount and multiplying the result by
100 upon obtaining the differentiating number. In addition to assessing financing decisions and
the operation, the IRR is calculated. It is usually examined with the goal of making the
prospective result 0.
Payback period
In addition, the payback period of both units is estimated, in addition to the NPV and IRR
(Coman, Popica and Rezeanu, 2019). According to the calculations, the repayment duration of
equipment 1 is 0.3, while the return duration of equipment 2 is 0.15. The 0.3 duration range
denotes a 4 month term for the concept. 0.15, on either side, is known as the two months. As a
result, it could be claimed that equipment 1 has a longer payback period than equipment 2.
Indicate whether the task must be carried out and, if yes, which equipment must be purchased
Equipment 1 is much more efficient than the other machinery, based to most of the
examination and assessment. As a result of the NPV, payback period, and IRR calculations, it is
determined that acquiring equipment one will have been extremely profitable to Wholesale
Foods Plc. Furthermore, the offered chunks of information suggest that £ 20,000 in operating

finance is necessary for venture 1. In the situation of initiative 2, however, the operating cash
investment is needed at the start of the following year. The level of operating investment
necessary in the 2nd initiative, as per the given scenario, is £15,000. The method by which
operational investment could be performed is known to as the assessed material, which is the
NPV, IRR, and payback period (Daud, Ab Rahman and Adnan, 2020). As a result, such
investment assessment methodologies could indeed be stated to be used in the attempt to
determine the optimal proposition for the business. This strategy also generates a slew of
advantages for the company, including:
 It also boosts the corporate success and increases employee happiness.
 Furthermore, because quality material is readily available, Wholesale Food Plc may take
a productive and accurate conclusion.
 It requires the company to select the most appropriate offer, which promotes adaptability
while also improving overall manufacturing (Dube and Asthana, 2017).
 Aside from it though, it elongates the period it takes to capture the largest proportion of
the marketplace.
PART 3: CAPITAL STRUCTURE:
Discuss the notion of cost of capital to the members of the company and determine Wholesale
Foods PLC's weighted average cost of capital
Furthermore, the mean weighted cost has indeed been determined to be 5.935 as per the
calculations. It's the interest percentage through which the company will repay its stockholders.
The yield upon which invested resources is examined is known to as the cost of capital in the
accounting information process (Esteves, Piedade and Pereira, 2017). In those other terms, the
cost of capital could alternatively be described as the expected degree of yield on the input done
in the business. As a result, this could be concluded that along with the assistance of the cost of
capital, owners and Wholesale Food Plc may readily examine various potential options.
Furthermore, the cost of capital is being utilized to forecast the income statement, allowing the
business to make investment choices with ease. The cost of capital is also known as the weighted
average, and it performs a very important part in determining the company's efficiency of the
product. It is primarily often employed this to fund Wholesale Foods plc's holdings.
Furthermore, it is recommended that perhaps the exterior sector evaluate the weighted average

cost of investment. Furthermore, preferential securities, ordinary shares, mortgages, and all types
of indebtedness are included in the weighted average cost of investment. In terms of operating
requirements, it is suggested that the weighted average cost of investment is linked to Wholesale
Food Plc's asset maximisation goal.
Describe the relationship between the cost of capital and the Net Present Value estimations that
are calculated in as a component of Part 2
Based on numerous instances, the cost of capital reflects the lowest percentage of yield in
most cases. The weighted average cost of equities and borrowing investment is another name for
the lowest probability of yield (Kaindl, Hoch and Popp, 2017). The NPV, on either side, is
calculated as the difference among the financial input and expenditure. Besides that, it is
predetermined that as cash flow rises, so does NPV. Similarly, if cash flow falls, the NPV falls.
Furthermore, according to the stated instance model, the subsequent program's cash flow is £
15,000, with a net present value of £ 87.50. 5.935 is the weighted average cost of investment. As
a result, it is mandated that as the weight of the cost of capital rises, so does its NPV. As a result,
it could be concluded that knowing the program's NPV is critical for estimating its weighted
average cost of investment. The NPV must also be more than the mean weighted cost of
investment, according to the analysis. As a result, Wholesale Foods Plc could adopt the
alternative suggestion because it will increase the firm's responsibility. Furthermore, because the
assessment of NPV includes the program's opportunity cost, it is critical. Aside from just that,
calculating NPV requires the business to analyse both ideas in order to make the essential
selections.
What do the findings of evaluating Wholesale Foods PLC's weighted average cost of investment
to the IRR estimates in Part 2 say to the corporation
It has also been suggested that when the IRR rises, so does the mean weighted cost of
investment. Similarly, as the mean weighted cost of investment falls, so does the IRR to a large
degree. As a result, it is reasonable to conclude that as the IRR rises, the firm's working capital
rises as well. When evaluating projects one and two, this has been determined that program 2
does have a higher internal rate of returns than venture 1. The IRR for initiative 1 is estimated to
be 155 percent, while the IRR for initiative two is estimated to be 324 percent. As a result of the
calculations, operation 2 is determined to become more useful than initiative 2. The reason for
this is that a greater rate of yield will resulting in a bigger worth of expected revenue. As a result,

it is predetermined that perhaps the greater rate of yield will improve the institution's operating
gap. As a result, it is reasonable to conclude that accepting proposition 2 will provide Wholesale
Foods plc with numerous benefits (Leach, Lavallee and Charlton, 2018). According to the signs,
the subsequent initiative will yield a greater profitability for the organisation than the first.
PART 4: DEBT FINANCE:
Explain and contrast convertible mortgage security and lending capital with incentives,
emphasising the benefits of those to a potential shareholder
A convertible borrowing unit is something that could be transformed into a shares at any
time in the hereafter. In those other terms, the converted lending amount of inventory may be
utilised in 2 directions: it could be utilized to return the mortgage or it could be employed to seek
for payback. The conversion bonds stocks, on either side, could indeed be converted into equities
units rather than being asked for reimbursement. In certain circumstances, the investors
determine the duration length during wherein the borrowed stocks will be sought. On either side,
there are also circumstances in which the organisation selects if stocks will be converted into
rights (Von Peinen, Böhmer and Lindemann, 2018). A warrant is a type of agreement which
includes certain privileges and responsibilities yet could not indeed be sold or bought on the
open marketplace. Additionally, rights to vote are rarely included in the units of ownership
options. In the instance of warrants, the payout is really not received. It is established because
warrants are poor in terms of alternatives. Furthermore, if a shareholder issues a warrant, in
exchange for the existing securities, the owner receives a freshly released share. Aside from just
that, it has been established that warrants agreements have a higher duration than other
agreements. As a result, it is concluded that such a warrant is little more than a privilege that
allows an institution's shares to be acquired at a certain sum.
Convertible loan stock Warrants
Convertible borrowing stocks is a type of capital
that could be converted into equities
shareholdings. There is no way to buy credit
shares at a certain cost. It's a longer
run financial commitment. It still will never
necessitate the expenditure of extra funds. The
Warrants can't be converted into stock. It does
have a few privileges that allow it to be acquired
for a specified price. A shorter run venture is
what it's called. It also contains more funds. The
pricing will not change (Walter, Mulherin and
Cox, 2018).

value changes till the expiration date.
Shareholders in warrants benefit from access rather than outright possession. As a result,
warrants are designed to offer leveraging advantages. Convertible bonds, on either side, get a set
percentage of interest unless the asset is formed.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Aliu, J., Aigbavboa, C. and Thwala, W., 2021. A 21st Century Employability Skills Improvement
Framework for the Construction Industry. Routledge.
Anjaningrum, W.D., 2020, October. Efektivitas Digital Marketing dan Networks Dalam
Mendongkrak Kinerja Pemasaran UKM Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. In SENABISMA:
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Bisnis dan Manajemen (Vol. 5, pp. 50-61).
Asp, L. and Andersson, J., 2021. Marketing Communication in the Context of Selling a
Business: Business Brokers and how They Communicate Value of a Business.
Bilos, A. and Galic, T., 2016. The role of digital marketing in university sport: An overview
study of higher education institution in Croatia. Ekonomski Vjesnik, 29(2), p.453.
Coman, C., Popica, M.M. and Rezeanu, C.I., 2019, October. The Adoption of Digital Marketing
by SMEs Entrepreneurs. In The 2018 International Conference on Digital Science (pp.
431-441). Springer, Cham.
Daud, R., Ab Rahman, R. and Adnan, A.W., 2020. Keberkesanan peta pemikiran i-think dalam
meningkatkan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT)[The effectiveness of i-think
thinking maps in improving higher order thinking skills (HOTS)]. AL-QIYAM
International Social Science and Humanities Journal, 3(1), pp.64-78.
Dube, V.S. and Asthana, P.K., 2017. A comparative study on Financial Literacy of Uttar Pradesh
with Central Zone states in India. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-
JBM), 19(10), pp.22-27.
Esteves, M., Piedade, M.B. and Pereira, A., 2017, November. A Cloud Computing Solution for
Digital Marketing: A Case Study for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. In
Interactive Mobile Communication, Technologies and Learning (pp. 843-849).
Springer, Cham.
Kaindl, H., Hoch, R. and Popp, R., 2017, May. Semantic task specification in business process
context. In 2017 11th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information
Science (RCIS) (pp. 286-291). IEEE.
Leach, C.J., Lavallee, S.L.P. and Charlton, R., 2018. 4 CPD, lifelong learning and preparing for
examinations. In Learning to Consult (pp. 257-269). CRC Press.
Von Peinen, A., Böhmer, A.I. and Lindemann, U., 2018, June. System Dynamics as a Tool for
Data Driven Business Model Design in the Context of Autonomous Ride Hailing. In
2018 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation
(ICE/ITMC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Walter, S., Mulherin, K. and Cox, C.D., 2018. A preceptor competency framework for
pharmacists. Part 2 of a 3-part series. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning,
10(3), pp.402-410.