Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
INTRODUCTION Business has to completely research about the competitors in the market and analysing the major forces and players in the market which will influence operations of the business. For the above study we have chosen Tesco the third largest retails company in the world. This study also highlights the market share of the retail company and also states the way the company works and analyse the key issues faced by the company. It also includes various strategy and model which influence the performance and productivity of the company. This study highlights the market position of the company and strategy used to maintain that competitive advantage. Competition analysis is done by using porter's five force model and VIRO. MAIN BODY Tesco public limited company is one of the third largest retail company in the world. It was founded by Jack Cohen in the year 1919 and is headquartered in Welwyn GardenCity,Hertfordshire,England,UnitedKingdom.Itismultinationalgroceries retailer and mainly deals in supermarket, hypermarket, Superstore and convenience shop. The main area served by Tesco are United Kingdom with market share of 28.4%, Ireland, Hungary, Thailand, Chez Republic and India with around 6569 shops across the globe(Lüdeke-Freund and et.al., 2017). Tesco has diversified their range of products from groceries to books, toys, clothing, furniture, electronics, financial services, software, petrol, internet services and Telecom. Tesco also provide a benefit of shopping online through its personal website. This helped business in making larger profits which increases operational efficiency and market share of business. Tesco also have further operations in non-good division, garden centres,coffee shop chain, restaurant chain and bakery. The corporate strategy of Tesco is to penetrate all segments of market to increase their market share and profitability in the long run of business. Tesco produce their own brand product including all range of product categorized as good, beverage, clothing, mobile, electronics, furniture which varies from high value product to low value products. Major Competitors of Tesco
Tesco is one of the third largest retailer in the world in terms of gross revenue and ninth largest in the world in terms of revenues. The major competitors of Tesco are Sainsbury's,Morrisons,Asda,Argos,Morrisons,ALDI,LIDL,TheCo-operative, Waitrose, Poundworld plus, Instacart, Safeway, Carrefour, Marks and Spencer and Iceland. Argos generate $78.8 Billion and Waitrose generate $ 72.9 Billionless revenue than Tesco. ALDI Einkauf's is one of the biggest competitor as it generates 124% of Tescos revenue. The market share of competitors in United Kingdomare Asda with 17%, Sainsbury's with 16%, Morrisons with 12%, The Co-operative with 6%, Waitrose with 5%, ALDI with 5%, LIDL with 4% and Iceland with 2%. Tesco is the market leader in United Kingdom with market share of 28%. the major issue for Tesco is the attractive price move and discounted offers by competitors which are to be clearly taken into consideration to maintain competitive edge in the market. PORTER'S FIVE FORCE MODEL OF TESCO Porter's five force model analyses the five forces i.e., bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, rivalry competitors to determine the overall competition in retail industry like Tesco(Lüttgens and Diener, 2016). Illustration1: Tesco Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Source: Tesco Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, 2016
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1)Bargaining power of buyers: Bargainingpowerofbuyersishighbecausebuyerispricesensitiveand substitutes are available for the undifferentiated products. Buyers will switch to products who have more better quality at economical price because switching cost is low. Buyer can switch there preference from one brand to another. Buyer can make the business more competitive which leads to lower profit potential. Lower prices and improved quality and services pose a major competition in the industry. Tesco can control the bargaining power of buyers by increasing their customer base and by producing more innovative products(Tesco Porter’s Five Forces Analysis,2016). 2)Bargaining power of suppliers: Bargaining power of supplier can exert pressure on Tesco which shapes the competitive environment of the business. Suppliers can influence the organization by increasing the prices of product and lowering the quality or making non-availability of products. Strong bargaining power of suppliers lowers the profit margins of Tesco. Power of suppliers can be handled by building effective supply network by increasing the supplier base. 3)Threats of substitute products or services: Tesco sells large range of products varying from clothing, furniture, grocery, home appliances, electronics, books, toys, etc which are highly comprehensive. The threatof substituteproducts or services lowers theprofitability anddirectly affect competition of business when new product or services offer similar or uniquely different productswiththesamevalueproposition.Tescocancontrolthecompetitionby increasing switching cost of customers(Kharub and Sharma, 2017). 4)Threat of new entrants: Entry of new competitors in the market with similar products increase the risk of competition which lowers the market share and profitability of the Tesco. New entry of competitorswithmoreinnovativeanddistinctiveproductateconomicpriceshifts customerfocusandattractcustomerswhichincreasestheriskofcompetitive environment in the market and lowers market share and profitability of business. Tesco can tackle the threat of new entry by producing more innovative products through research and development and achieve economies of scale. Increasing brand loyalty of
thecompanyandreducingbarriertoentrycanreducetheriskofcompetitive environment. 5)Rivalry among existing competitors: Tesco has high competition in the market. The major competitors playing in the marketareSainsbury,Asda,Waitrose,theco-operativeandMorrison.These competitors compete with one another by offering same range of products at the same price. In case there is intense competitive rivalry in the market then prices will go down which will lead to lower level of profits. Tesco public limited company functions in an extremely competitive environment in retail industry. This hampers the profitability of the businessandlowermarketshare.Tescocancontroltherivalryamongexisting competitors by producing sustainable distinctive differentiated products for maintaining competitive edge in the market. This will help Tesco plc increase the market share of 28% in UK and increase profit margin in the long run. VRIO FRAMEWORK/ MODEL VRIOisabroadresourcebasedanalysismodelwhichhelpsineffective utilization of resources and attain sustainable competitive advantage in the market. VRIO stands for Value of the resources, Rareness of the resource, Imitation risk and OrganizationalCompetence.ThefourmaincomponentsofTescoplciscritically analysingtheresourcesthatarevaluable,rare,costlytoimitateandarein organizational competence. VRIO framework helps the evaluating Tesco resources and it also helps in effectively analysing competitive advantage and weakness. VRIO is an internal analysis of the resources in the organisation by critically evaluating resources of the company. VRIO framework model helps in strategically analysing various resources which helps in effectiveplanninganddecisionmakingtoincreaseoperationalefficiencyofthe company(Explaining The VRIO Framework,2019).
1.)Value of resources: This helps in analysing whether the particular resources of the comp[any is is beneficial for Tesco or not. Resources valuable or critical for maintainingcompetitioninthemarketincludesfinancialresources,human resource, marketing expertise and operation management. If the resources are valuable in one or more regions then such resources are considered valuable for the development of Tesco. If the resource does not benefit the company in development then the organization should cut off on using such resources and allocate the money in those resources which are beneficial for the growth of Tesco plc(Kashaev, 2018). 2.)Rarity of resources: If the resources used by Tesco is rare then it is the biggest strength of the company. This will give Tesco competitive advantage by giving tough time to competitors to over power the company. Tesco public limited Illustration2: Explaining The VRIO Framework Source: Explaining The VRIO Framework, 2019
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company should also look for substitutes if resources are rare this may put companyindifficultandchallengingsituationwhichwillbuildcompetitive environment for the company. Resources used by Tesco should be rare which help maintain competitive position in the market for both present competitors and new entrants. 3.)Costly to imitate: Rare resources or the resources which are difficult to imitate by the competitors in the market help Tesco public limited company maintain competitive position in the market and also gain first mover advantage to the company . When competitors discover the value of resources and get access to such resources or use sustitute to gain similar competitive advantage then this will pose threat on Tesco plc and will lead to competitive disadvantage and lower profitability and productivity. If the resources are costly to imitate by competitors this will help Tesco plc in neutralizing threat of existing competitors and new entrants(Morioka, Evans and de Carvalho, 2016). 4.)Organizational competence:Once Tesco plc has realized the value, rareness and cost of imitation of resources the next steo in VRIO framework model is to analyse the organization competence and capability to utilize the resources in the mosteffectiveandefficientmannertoincreasetheiroperationalefficiency, productivity and profitability. If company is able to analyse the competency of the organization this will help management in sustaining competitive advantage. OTHERASPECTSTHATAREIMPORTANTFORTHEORGANIZATION'S COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE. 1)Supply chain: Tesco plc has the cost advanced supply chain system which benefit company in delivering products on time in the cost effective manner to various supermarkets and stores. It also aims at delivering products online through its own personal website which will help pose competitive advantage in the market. This helps Tesco in maintaining its market share effectively which will help maintain competitive edge from existing competitors like Sainsbury, Asda, Waitrose, the co- operative and Morrison(Namada, 2018).
2)Pricing:Tescoplcprovidewiderangeofproductslikeclothing,furniture, groceries, electronics, home appliances, books at varied price range varying from high value products to low value best quality products. They also offer attractive discounts than its competitors which will attract large customers and will maintain competitive advantage in the market(Belton, 2017). 3)Market share and brand value: Tesco public limited company is one of the worlds third largest retail company in terms of gross revenue and world's ninth largest in terms of revenue. Tesco has a market share of 28% in United Kingdom which is the largest among its competitors in retail industry. Tesco also has competitive advantage of high brand image and customer loyalty because they provide quick solution to the customers in case of any query or grievance and also provide Tesco club card on shopping of particular products which will ensure long term growth and profitability of the company(David and David, 2016). 4)Marketing: The famous saying of Tesco plc which says, “Every little helps” which gives company competitive advantage. Tesco aims at promoting and advertising their product by using various marketing strategies. Various celerities promote the brand to attract more customer which will eventually increase the customer base of the company. Use of various social media platforms and blogs are used to advertise the product which will enhance competitive advantage of Tesco plc. CONCLUSION From the above study it has been summarized that Tesco has the biggest competitive advantage than its competitors with market share of around 28% in UK and it also offers wide range of products at varied price. This has been analysed by applying various models like porter's five force model and VRIO framework model. VRIO model analyses valuable, rare, cost of imitation and organisational competent resources which help in development of the organization. Further it also highlights that Tesco plc has strong distribution channel which help Tesco plc in delivering products in various stores in cost effective and timely manner. It also concludes that Tesco has strong pricing, brand image, customer loyalty and marketing strategy to maintain competitive advantage in the market.
REFERENCES Books and journals Belton, P., 2017.Competitive Strategy: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Macat Library. David, F.R. and David, F.R., 2016.Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach, concepts and cases. Pearson. Kashaev, R., 2018. A simple model of 4D-TQFT. In2016 MATRIX Annals(pp. 277-286). Springer, Cham. Kharub, M. and Sharma, R., 2017. Comparative analyses of competitive advantage using Porter diamond model (the case of MSMEs in Himachal Pradesh).Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal.27(2) pp.132-160. Lüdeke-Freundandet.al.,2017.Sustainability-orientedbusinessmodelassessment—A conceptualfoundation.InAnalytics,innovation,andexcellence-drivenenterprise sustainability(pp. 169-206). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Lüttgens, D. and Diener, K., 2016. Business model patterns used as a tool for creating (new) innovative business models.Journal of Business Models,4(3). Morioka, S.N., Evans, S. and de Carvalho, M.M., 2016. Sustainable business model innovation: Exploring evidences in sustainability reporting.Procedia CIRP.40.pp.659-667. Namada, J.M., 2018. Organizational learning and competitive advantage. InHandbook of Research on Knowledge Management for Contemporary Business Environments(pp. 86- 104). IGI Global. ONLINE ExplainingTheVRIOFramework.2019.[ONLINE].Available through:<https://www.clearpointstrategy.com/vrio-framework/> TescoPorter’sFiveForcesAnalysis.2016.[ONLINE].Available through:<https://research-methodology.net/tesco-porters-five-forces-analysis/>