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Running head: BUSINESS LAW Business Law Name of the Student Name of the University Author Note
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1BUSINESS LAW Question 1 a. Issue Whether there can be a repudiation of the contract that has been created among Scenic View and Vincenzo under the common law contract. Rule The requisites of a contract are: George Hudson Holdings Ltd v Rudder (1973) 128 CLR 3871: there must be an offer that must have moved from one person to another signifying the desire of the offeror to bind himself and the offeree towards a legal relationship. Robophone Facilities Ltd v. Blank [1966] 3 All E.R. 1282: there needs to be an acceptance that has been extended towards the offer. Rose & Frank Co v JR Crompton & Bros Ltd [1924] UKHL 23: there must have the intentions between the parties to create legal relationship. White v Bluett (1853) 2 WR 754: there needs to be a consideration present for both the parties to the contract. Simpkins v Pays [1955] 1 WLR 9755: the parties to the contract need to have the capacity to enter into a contract, which includes having a sound mind, not being a minor and not restricted by law. 1George Hudson Holdings Ltd v Rudder (1973) 128 CLR 387 2Robophone Facilities Ltd v. Blank [1966] 3 All E.R. 128 3Rose & Frank Co v JR Crompton & Bros Ltd [1924] UKHL 2 4White v Bluett (1853) 2 WR 75 5Simpkins v Pays [1955] 1 WLR 975
2BUSINESS LAW Johnson v Buttress [1936] HCA 416: the consent of the parties to the contract needs to be free from mistake, duress, unconscionability, undue influence and misrepresentation. Cutter v Powell[1795] EWHC KB J137: a contract can be terminated by way of performance, discharge, frustration, mutual agreement and breach. Addis v Gramophone[1909] AC 4888: damages can be claimed by the aggrieved in case of breach of the contract and the amount of damages will be same as that of the loss caused. Other remedies available are recession, injunction and specific performance. Application Elements of contract between Vincenzo and scenic beauty has been satisfied. Offer to sell services by the hotel has been accepted by Vincenzo. As it is a commercial agreement, the intention to create legal relationship was also present. Capacity of the parties are also there. However, there was not proper understanding between the two as Vincenzo has a week English. The services rendered by the hotel were not acceptable and hence was a breach of contract. Hence, contract can be repudiated. Vincenzo can claim a full refund. Conclusion There can be a repudiation of the contract that has been created among Scenic View and Vincenzo under the common law contract. b. Issue Differentiation between term of a contract and representation. Importance of a collateral contract. Differentiation between conditions and warranties. 6Johnson v Buttress [1936] HCA 41 7Cutter v Powell[1795] EWHC KB J13 8Addis v Gramophone[1909] AC 488
3BUSINESS LAW Rule When the party to a contract who is making a statement has better knowledge of the statement than that of the other then it needs to be regarded as a term of the contract. This can be explained with the case of Oscar Chess v Williams [1957] 1 WLR 3709. However, when party to whom the statement has been made has better knowledge of the same than that of the person making the statement, it needs to be construed as representation. This can be discussed with the case of Bannerman v White (1861) 10 CBNS 84410. Collateral contract is a contract that has been created ancilliary to the main contract and can be illustrated with the case of J J Savage & Sons Pty Ltd v Blakney (1970) 119 CLR 43511. Conditions are fundamental part of the contract, the breach of which can terminate the contract as can be explained with the case ofPoussard v Spiers(1876) 1 QBD 41012. Warranties are a collateral part and the breach of the same can accrue damages and not termination of the contract. Application In the present case, panoramic view and balcony in the hotel room is a representation. No collateral contract exists. panoramic view and balcony are warranties. Conclusion Hence, panoramic view and balcony in the hotel room is a representation. No collateral contract exists. panoramic view and balcony are warranties. 9Oscar Chess v Williams [1957] 1 WLR 370 10Bannerman v White (1861) 10 CBNS 844 11J J Savage & Sons Pty Ltd v Blakney (1970) 119 CLR 435 12Poussard v Spiers(1876) 1 QBD 410
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4BUSINESS LAW Question 2 The term consumer has been defined in section 3 of the Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth)13as any individual who has availed services as well as goods whose value is less than equal to $40,000 and has been obtained for the purpose of private or domestic use and not for commercial use. In this present case Vincent essay to have availed service which falls within this limit and has been availed for personal use. Any person who is a consumer has been right to get protection and the Act. The consumer guaranteeswithrespecttogoods,hasbeenprovidedundertheprovisioncontained instructions 51 to 59 of the Act and the consumer guarantees with respect to services has been provided under section 60 to section 63 of the Act. There are certain guarantees that cannot be breached even if it has not been expressly provided for in the contract of purchase and these are termed as implied guarantees. Moreover section 64 of the Act states that, consumer guarantees cannot be excluded through a clause of exclusion. In the present case as Vincent was a consumer has the entitlement to be protected under this Act. Hence, under section 61 of the Act Vincenzo has entitlement to receive services of acceptable quality. This has not been ensured in this case as the rooms he has availed did not have any private balcony or panoramic view, which has made him a opt for a room in that hotel. Moreover, Vincenzo has been denied refund and the hotel pointed towards an exclusion clause in the hotel policy which restricts any refund. This can be said to be in violation of section 64. This provides Vincenzo with a remedy to pursue a claim for damage against the hotel for the breach of consumer guarantees under section 267. He also choose to repudiate the contract under section 269 of the Act. 13The Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth), s. 3
5BUSINESS LAW Reference Addis v Gramophone[1909] AC 488 Bannerman v White (1861) 10 CBNS 844 Cutter v Powell[1795] EWHC KB J13 George Hudson Holdings Ltd v Rudder (1973) 128 CLR 387 J J Savage & Sons Pty Ltd v Blakney (1970) 119 CLR 435 Johnson v Buttress [1936] HCA 41 Oscar Chess v Williams [1957] 1 WLR 370 Poussard v Spiers (1876) 1 QBD 410 Robophone Facilities Ltd v. Blank [1966] 3 All E.R. 128 Rose & Frank Co v JR Crompton & Bros Ltd [1924] UKHL 2 Simpkins v Pays [1955] 1 WLR 975 The Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) White v Bluett (1853) 2 WR 75