Business Law: Rules, Acts, and Legal Systems in the UK

This study material covers the basics of Business Law, including rules, acts, and legal systems in the UK. It provides answers to questions on civil and criminal law, sources of law, and employment law. The material is relevant for BSC (Hons) Business Management with Foundation students taking the BMP4002 module in Semester 1 of the 2021/22 academic year.

BSC (Hons) BUSINESS MANAGEMENT WITH
FOUNDATION
SEMESTER 1, EXAMINATION 2021/22
BUSINESS LAW
MODULE NO: BMP4002
Exam Paper Release Date & Time: Saturday 13 August 2022 at 10:00am
Submission Cut-off Date & Time: Monday 15 August 2022 at 10:00am
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ANSWER BOOKLET
All the pages of the answer booklet should be submitted including blank ones.
Please type your answers in the spaces provided.
Insert additional pages where required.
Student Name
ID Number
[There are THREE questions. You are required to answer all THREE questions. For each
sub-questions, use heading such as “Answer to the Question no. 1(i)” or “Answer to the
Question no. 1(ii)” etc. Start writing you answer from this page (page 2).]

Answer to the question no 1(i)
There are various rules, acts, order and laws which is primary source of legislation and is
enforced by the parliament. An act which is a set of rules enforced on the people of country passed
by the parliament is known as law . (Okoli, 2022). The House of Lords and House of Commons are
the Houses of the parliament through which these acts are passed. There is particular and specific
procedure through which laws are imposed which the people should legally followed. The
imposition of law can be about the certain issues or topics into the country and society. While
imposing law the first procedure is the introduction of bill which is discussed by the authorities of
the Houses of parliament that is presented in the both Houses of parliament. The discussion process
is deeply analysed, critically evaluated and briefly studied about the specific law and regulation by
both the Houses of the parliament. The formation of law takes places after the proper discussion
with the brief, critical analysis and is either sanctioned or signed by the both the houses of
parliament. By sanctioning of the bill there is formation of law which is enforced on the people of
the country.
Answer to the question no 1(ii)
The government of the country usually implement the law in order to make the society
behave and perform activities. There are two main classifications of law in UK which are discussed
below:
 Civil law- This law basically deals with the injury caused by the individual or any other
person in the country. This law also portrays the civil liability in order to validate the status
in the society of a person (Iheme and Mba, 2021). It generally consists of punishment
related to fines, dues and penalty. The relationship between individual and other legal entity
are evaluated through civil laws. The civil law basically includes and deals with the matter
of area, land, property, status, rights towards ownership as well as negotiable instrument like
bonds, cheque, debenture etc.
 Criminal law: This law deals with the person having criminal records and liabilities or have
some wrongful activity which leads in imposing punishment. Matters such as thug, robbery,
rape, sexual harassment, murder, dowry etc are included in criminal matters for which
criminal laws are implemented. In this law punishment are also given to the individual like
imprisonments, deaths and plenty also. In this law, the person is restricted in limited
boundaries such as restriction in international travel. The range of the punishment varies
with the jurisdiction.
Answer to the question no 1(iii)
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The United Kingdom have domination of three legal system which is governed and
authorised by the country. Those three legal systems in the country are the legal system of England
and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Due to distinct culture and social norm Scotland and
Northern Ireland have separate and different legal system. As they have different culture and
historical background which makes the legal system also different. Geographical boundaries and
limitations also make the legal system different from the country. Some of laws and rules are
applicable in some part of country and some are not enforceable in other parts. Due to which the
implication and enforcement of the laws and rules in the different part of the country of the UK has
three legal system. Legal system has brought and enhanced accountability, confidence in public and
the efficiency in the work of the judiciary.
Answer to the question no 2(i)
In order to maintain peace and order in the society, there are enforcement and
implementation of various laws and rules and amendments of acts in the country (Bune, Barclay
and Kotey, 2021). This done by the constitution of country that is the hierarchy of principles
sources of law in the English legal system which basically constitutes of supreme authorities. The
centre and state are the two different laws which the Constitution follow and is the first hierarchy in
the source of law. The central and state laws are made for the pure justification in the legal systems
with the role authorities and representative within the country. The central laws are legalised and
implemented by the central government and the state laws are implemented as well as legalised by
the state government.
Answer to the question no 2(ii)
Legislation, Orders, Rules, Customs, Case law, precedents are the main sources of law
which are decided before cases. These are very Important and prime sources of the law. Some of the
characteristics of sources of law are discussed below:
 The rule of equality is enforced in the legal system of the country in order to give equal
treatment and opportunities to the public on the basis of caste, gender, religion, race etc.
 By enforcing and implementing the law, it is believed that cordial relationship is established
and maintained among the society as well as public.
 According to the changing rules and laws, the legal system of the country is becoming
limited and dynamic along with the option of expanding the margins.
By maintaining laws and order within the country leads in establishing peace in the society )
(Rühmkorf, 2018). The legal system is very complicated and complex in its nature and are
associated with the different legal obligations.
Answer to the question no 2(iii)
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In order to expand the business at the international level globalisation plays an important
and positive role through which they have to form separate multi linguistic departments as well as
language that is taken as one of major barriers for the business organisation. This is taken as the
major problem at the time of expanding the business at international level through there is a need of
understanding the culture of local markets. This also helps in spreading awareness in the society and
among the individuals about various and diversified culture. This also accords the society in
education sectors in order to spread the awareness. By these practices it helps in addressing the
authenticity of the particular region and place. This is also very essential for the organisation in
order to establish the practice for the multilingual so that development and understanding of
languages of one place assists in recognizing its validity in the particular cultural arena. It also helps
in the growth and development of particular arena by giving acknowledgement to the minority class
at the national level by formulating law and various policies which is the outcome of the respective
laws on establishment of multilingual (Okoli, 2022) . It helps in formulating plans and strategies
regarding the different culture of region and place.
Answer to the question no 3
Employment law
The law which governs the relation between the employee and employer which is a part of
the business is employment law. This law plays a very crucial role in the proper functioning of the
business organisations (Iheme and Mba, 2021). It gives more focus on the protection of the
employees right against the employers. This law also ensures certain rights to an individual at the
time of the contract of the employment which is considered beneficial. It is considered as the wider
law because the employer is very important and plays great role in the success of the organisation
so it’s the prime duty of the employer to provide with the essential facilities to the employees. This
law also ensures the proper gender equality within the organisation. Tt ensures the employees
against the discrimination, equal pay for the work and minimum wages. It also covers formation
and establishment of the trade unions that are very necessary. This also law also helps the employee
to get motivation in doing the work effectively and efficiently and become more productive. They
feel equal within the organisation in terms of wages and position too. It is also the consolidation of
various legislation that are essential in the effectual operation of the business management which
are discussed below:
Employment rights act 1996: This ensures the right towards the paternity leave, maternity leave,
claims against redundancy and unfair dismissal etc and leads in the upgradation of the labour law.
Equity act 2010: it protects against judgement that took place during enrolment procedure and the
work place. It references the protected features that aren't use as feature for decision at the work
place.
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Part time worker (prevention of less favourable treatment regulation) Act 2000: the purpose of
implementing such act is to determine the rights of the part time workers against the unequal
treatment done by the employers with their full-time workers.
National wages act 1998: The UK government enacted such act with the purpose to endangered the
rights of labours against their employers. In this act government lays down minimum wages which
employer has to pay their workers such wages are vary as per the age groups.
Data protection act 2018: this act is considering as most trending enactment for marketable
organisations which states about the protection of personal information of the employees by their
employers ) (Bunei, Barclay and Kotey, 2021).
Equity act 2010: this act enacted with the purpose of preventing discrimination take place at work
place and the recruitment process. It laid down protected features which couldn't use as cause for
decision of any work place.
For example, Commercial organisation have to follows certain laws which are favourable for both
employers and employees. Officials’ personnel are the assets of a business organisation the progress
of such organisation depends on the effective functioning of their employees. So, it is the duty of an
organisation they safeguard the rights of their personnel’s. They both have rights and obligations
toward each other’s which are as follows:
at the time of formation of contract of employments, it is the duty of an employer that they
specifically laid down the rights and duties of them in legible form.
 They have right to get effective working environment, regularly provide proper and safety
tools as per their works and provide medical and insurance facilities to their employees.
 they have right against wrongful dismissal, claims to redundancy, equal treatment with part
time worker and full-time worker etc.
 As per employees act an employee’s ensure the right to get sick leave, holidays, proper
working tools etc.
 as per national minimum wages act employers ensures that labourers and workers get their
wages as per respective act.
Reference List (if Any)
Rühmkorf, A., 2018. From transparency to due diligence laws? Variations in stringency of CSR
regulation in global supply chains in the ‘home state’of multinational enterprises. Globalisation of
Corporate Social Responsibility and its Impact on Corporate Governance, pp.177-201.
Okoli, P., 2022. Jurisdictional Rule" x" in the Conflict of Laws-Challenges of Policy and Security
in Internet Torts with Business Implications. Georgia Journal of International and Comparative
Law.
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Iheme, W.C. and Mba, S.U., 2021. Pandemic recovery in Africa: A case for strengthening
insolvency laws for rescuing small and medium enterprises. Journal of Comparative Law in
Africa, 8(2), pp.74-103.
Bunei, E., Barclay, E. and Kotey, B., 2021. Routine activity theory and farm produce sale in Kenya:
An analysis of non-compliance with agri-food safety laws. Crime Prevention and Community
Safety, 23(4), pp.400-415.
Karimzad, F., 2021. Multilingualism, chronotopes, and resolutions: Toward an analysis of the total
sociolinguistic fact. Applied Linguistics, 42(5), pp.848-877.
Calafato, R. and Tang, F., 2019. Multilingualism and gender in the UAE: A look at the motivational
selves of Emirati teenagers. System, 84, pp.133-144.
Lee, H.Y., Hamid, M.O. and Hardy, I., 2021. Language and education policies in Southeast Asia:
reorienting towards multilingualism-as-resource. International Journal of Multilingualism, pp.1-19.
Dörre-Kolasa, D., 2019. Protection of personal data in the collective employment law.
Dockès, E., 2019. New trade union strategies for new forms of employment. European Labour Law
Journal, 10(3), pp.219-228.
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