Contact Lens Related Research and Studies

This assignment provides a compilation of research papers and studies related to contact lenses. It covers various aspects such as the benefits of wearing contact lenses, the habits of contact lens users in the UK, and related health issues like contamination of swimming pools and hot tubs with Acanthamoeba. The assignment also includes insights about depth distribution, occurrence, and swimming behavior of Hexanchus griseus in the Cantabrian Sea (NE Atlantic). It is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in contact lens-related topics.

BUSINESS PLAN

Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 Introducing company background, product and form of ownership.....................................1
1.1.1 What is the name of organisation.......................................................................................1
1.1.2 What form of ownership has company adopted.................................................................1
1.1.3 Product Description............................................................................................................1
1.1.4 Strategic Management........................................................................................................2
1.2 Mission Statement.................................................................................................................3
1.3 Objectives of business...........................................................................................................3
1.4 Organisational chart..............................................................................................................4
1.4.1 Introducing management team...........................................................................................5
2.0 Human Resource Management..................................................................................................5
3.0 Business Environment...............................................................................................................8
3.1 Describing and introducing the industry...............................................................................8
3.2 PEST Analysis......................................................................................................................9
3.3 SWOT Analysis..................................................................................................................10
3.4 Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis..................................................................................................11
4.0 Marketing Management...........................................................................................................13
4.1 Market Segmentation & Target Marketing Strategy...........................................................13
4.2 Pricing Strategy...................................................................................................................13
4.3 Promotional Strategy...........................................................................................................13
4.4 Place....................................................................................................................................14
5.0 Operations management...........................................................................................................15
6.0 Exit strategy.............................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20

PART A
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introducing company background, product and form of ownership
Contact lenses should be wore while swimming underwater in order to protect eyes in
effective manner. It is required that business should provide better quality lenses so that they
may be satisfied.
1.1.1 What is the name of organisation
The name of company is Modi & Co. which is a new start-up company being focused on
providing contact lenses to underwater swimmers. The co-founders wanted to start this firm as
swimmers felt goggles are not quite handy and irritation persist time passes in the sea. This led to
motivation to offer contact lenses as it is light weight and clear vision can be seen underwater
while swimming (Steele, 2018). Motivation was attained for giving correct vision in the best way
possible. Modi & Co will provide quality lenses in order to capture UK market.
1.1.2 What form of ownership has company adopted
Modi & Co has adopted corporation form of ownership limited by shares so that it may
upscale manufacturing business in Brighton. This form has been adopted because liability of
shareholders is limited to shares held by them. Shareholders which are family members can be
effectively employed by Modi & Co with ease. One of the main advantage of choosing this
business is that professional managers are employed by investors and as such, day-to-day
operational activities can be handled in a better way. Hence, it can be justified that corporation
form has been selected.
1.1.3 Product Description
The product will effectively meet the needs of divers and water sport enthusiasts in the
sea so that they may clearly visualised. Zoom-in feature will be offered with ambitious contact
lenses requiring a power of 43 dioptres of accommodation. Thus, needs of water sport people
will be entertained with superior quality lenses will be provided (THE BENEFITS OF
CONTACT LENSES. 2012). The current customers are not satisfied as they wear low quality
lenses in the sea which involves irritation after sometime as bacteria comes in contact with it.
The unique selling point that unique selling point Modi & Co is that salt-proof technology,
precise underwater vision. This has competitive advantage of company over its rivals as larger
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vision span and salt-proof technology will be offered which are not provided by competitors in
industry.
Illustration 1: Wearing contact lenses Source: diverdaily.com
1.1.4 Strategic Management
The aim of Modi & Co is to be market leader by manufacturing superior quality lenses in
order to enhance clear vision in the sea. In accordance to Ansoff Matrix, business will attain
higher growth in near future and thus, market penetration strategy is best suitable for it. It can be
justified that by focusing on selling existing products in similar markets, organisation can
improve upon its production of lenses and efficiency can be improved (Poor and et.al., 2018).
This will help to provide with quality products and customers will get satisfied. Dominance in
UK market will be accomplished.
The current position of Modi & Co in Product Life Cycle is at introductory stage. This is
because company is less than a year in the market. To move on to growth stage, awareness of
new contact lenses will be provided having larger vision span and zoom-in feature which is also
unique selling point of company. Distribution channels will be increased to meet ever-increasing
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demand of people. Support services will also be incorporated that would help to push company
to market. Marketing management orientation concepts are needed and product concept will be
adopted by Modi & Co in order to focus on product being nicer, cheaper and better quality. It can
be justified that customers will favour contact lenses offering quality, enhanced features and
performance in effective manner (Rodríguez-Martín and et.al., 2018). Thus, aim of product
concept is to improve item which effectively attracts people.
1.2 Mission Statement
Modi & Co mission statement is follows- “To offer innovative lenses that enhances
quality of life for maintaining the highest spectrum of contact lenses for water sport customers”.
1.3 Objectives of business
 To reduce refractive errors persisting from contact lenses
 To offer superior quality lenses to underwater sport customers for enhancing their vision
 To become trusted market leader in eye care by producing customer-centred products
 To become hallmark of quality and innovation in next five years
 To attain gross profit of 10 % in 12 months period
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1.4 Organisational chart
Illustration 2: Matrix organisational structure Source: pinterest
The organisational chart which is prepared providing the duties and tasks which will be
performed by Modi & Co to effectively attain production. The organisational chart presented is
matrix because there are various tasks needed to be performed by personnel in order to
accomplish desired production. It emphasis on efficiency, innovation and creativity directly
attaining customer satisfaction. Multiple level of hierarchical communication with
responsibilities in organisation is provided. It is chosen so as to enhance communication between
personnels.
The organisation chart is flat and wide because it has various pros. It improves
communication as without involvement of intermediaries, employees and executives can easily
talk speeding up transparent communication. It also reduces operational costs as expenses in
hiring mid-level and lower-level managers can be saved. This will provide with better
communication and transparency among staff members and executives.
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The decentralised approach will be used in order to encourage employees to make active
participation in responding towards duties in the best way possible. Decentralisation help
business to develop higher-level skills as activities with regards to planning, decision-making are
delegated to a group eliminating the role of central group (Tang, Zhi and Flaherty, 2017). Main
benefit of decentralised approach is that central group can focus on important things and
delegating certain unimportant matters to lower group.
1.4.1 Introducing management team
The management team will have CEO, followed by Business Analyst Manager,
Development Manager, Quality Assurance Manager. Product Manager will be followed by
Business Analyst, Tester and Developer. Hence, management will effectively allocate work in
accordance to job roles of employees for attaining efficiency in operational activities.
2.0 Human Resource Management
The skills are required to be possessed by employees so that business may be able to
provide competitive contact lenses. The water sport enthusiasts' are main target customers of
Modi & Co which will be provided with quality product. Creativity skills are needed in
workforce with the help of which majority of people can be provided with enhanced quality of
lenses. Currently we have employed 50 workers for attaining production meeting specific
demand of customers in the best way possible. It is required that more people can be recruited so
that efficiency and productivity can be increased in a better way.
Human resource management is a key to attain desired stated objectives and provide
customers with superior goods and services for accomplishing satisfaction level (Gómez,
Aguirre-Villaseñor and Morales-Serna, 2018). There is an urgent need for recruitment of
employees for filling the job positions. For this, optician, final assemblers, manufacturing
engineer, production technician are required so that contact lenses can be produced in effective
manner. It is need that optician must be recruited so that he designs and dispenses right lenses to
final customers. He has the role of providing specific ophthalmic appliances which will give
necessary correction to the eyesight of people. This is an important job position addressing eye
wear needs of people and seeking out vision in a better way so that desired contact lenses can be
produced. This position is vacant and optician will be recruited in getting needs of customers in
effective manner.
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Manufacturing engineer is missing in company and this skill is required for developing
manufacturing process by studying product requirement, designing, modifying and testing
methods of manufacturing. Final assembler has a role to assemble part of lenses in company in
order to finally complete product and make it ready to be delivered to customers. Production
technician is also missing for analysing that products are being manufactured as per quality
standards.
Illustration 3: Recruitment Flowchart Source: creately.com
The above recruitment flow chart will be followed by Modi & Co in recruiting employees
for getting desired level of production. This shows that firm will have structured process of
recruiting and then job offer will be provided to them upon selection. First step will be to analyse
job need and recruitment requisition would be given. After that selection criteria will be then
processed in a better way. Advertisement is then provided for the job. Then receiving
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applications for job. Categories of job is prepared and as such, suitable job is then identified.
Candidates will be then interviewed in accordance to job category and according to criteria as
well. Then 2nd interview will be done according to criteria. Lastly mail will be provided
regarding thanking for interview and thus, job offer will finally be provided to selected
candidates.
Modi & Co will recruit work force externally as more positions are required for attaining
demand of customers by meeting production. It is an appropriate source as creativity and
innovative workers are needed which can work according to unique selling point and good
quantum of sales can be accomplished (Pesudovs, 2018). New employees will be recruited
possessing necessary skills, but to sharpen their knowledge and skills, training and development
is essentially required. Training and development will be provided to employees. Technical skills
trainiong will be provided because even if employees possess required skills, there is always
room for improvement. Technical skills such as for handling production level, assembling final
products, development process of contact lenses so that job can be done with much efficiency.
Refresher training is another crucial training which is offered when any important
changes are occurred in particular field. Eye care sector is ever-changing field and this training is
required for upgrading skills of workers, hence, Modi & Co will incorporate necessary training
to new employees. On-the job training will also be provided to employees by learning work
under a supervisor for learning job roles in the best way possible (Rucinski, 2018). Hence,
company will focus on continuous development and training by which desired objectives will be
accomplished.
The compensation structure is prepared below for co-founders, senior managers, mid-
level managers and low level employee-
Compensation structure of Modi & Co
Grade Min (In £) Mid (In £) Max (In £)
Co-founders 67000 69000 72000
Senior Managers 62000 64000 67000
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Mid-level Managers 57000 60000 62000
Low level employees 52000 55000 57000
It can be analysed from the above table that co-founders that minimum salaries will be
67000 and maximum to 72000. On the other hand, senior managers will get salaries within range
of 62000 to 67000. Mid-level managers will be paid within 57000 to 62000. While low level
employees will be paid within 52000 to 57000 range.
3.0 Business Environment
3.1 Describing and introducing the industry
The contact lenses industry is one of the major competitive industry which has more
number of companies competing with another. Global contact lenses market size was valued
$9.91 billion in 2016 which is sets competitive position of companies. It can be analysed that UK
contact lenses in 2016 was £290 million in accordance to ACLM (Association of Contact Lens
Manufacturers) which is increased by 8% from 2015 (ACLM 2016 contact lens statistics. 2017).
There were 4.2 million contact lens wearers in UK aged between 15-64 years. ACLM has
forecasted that market will continue to grow in coming years.
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Illustration 4: Contact lens habits of customers UK Source: Share of habits of contact lens users
in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2016. 2016
The chart represents that 47 % are people in UK falling under showering with lenses in.
while, 19 % uses tap water on lenses and 37 % swim with contact lens without wearing goggles.
Thus, market of contact lenses will be fruitful for company in UK for attaining profitability.
Concentrated industry is contact lens industry having large companies with higher market share.
Opportunities will be to provide unique feature of lenses such as larger and clear vision, salt-
proof technology lenses. While, challenges in the industry are to provide superior quality lenses,
bacteria and contamination resistant lens.
3.2 PEST Analysis
Political (P)-
The political environment in UK will get ruined as UK has decided to leave EU. Brexit
will have major influence on Modi & Co as it is a start-up company and operational activities
would be affected up to a high extent. On the other hand, tax structure levied on contact lenses
will also obstacle company in achieving group goals.
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Economical (E)-
UK economy has mainly influenced by Brexit and economic slowdown has been
registered which will have negative impact on organisation. This is because purchasing power of
people have gone down and they will not buy new lenses leading to lower profits to firm. It can
be analysed that economic downturn will become stable in near future but it is not appropriate
presently for company.
Social (S)-
Consumer preferences are ever-changing and never remains same. This is the reason that
contact lens are made with unique advantages to business which will lure customers who are
water sport enthusiasts (Nanavaty and et.al., 2017). Moreover, investment in trending technology
is required to be made in order to attract customers.
Technological (T)-
Technology has revolutionised the way of production in today's scenario. Contact lenses
are made from wearable technology and manufacturing is done. Product design is to be made in
a manner so that people may purchase the same.
It can be concluded from PEST analysis of industry that new ways of production has to
be deployed by Modi & Co for effectively attaining customer attention. Technological
advancement will be implemented and desired production will be accomplished.
3.3 SWOT Analysis
Strengths (S)-
The main strength of Modi & Co is that it will introduce contact lenses being wearable
underwater in the sea. This will entertain and attract divers which have to wear goggles while
diving which has many disadvantages. Moreover, to capture the market, prices will be kept low
in order to provide commodities at competitive and affordable price. Advanced technology will
be implemented in order to enhance efficiency in production and thus, desired production will be
done for attracting customers (Park and et.al., 2018).
Weaknesses (W)-
Main weakness is that firm is new in contact lens manufacturing industry. Brand name is
not present which will have disadvantage to company in attaining goals. Lower end product of
lenses are also present. Moreover, perceived weakness is cost of producing services as per the
superior quality. It will have to recognized its name in the market by providing quality services.
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Opportunities (O)-
Major opportunities include providing larger vision span, zoom-in feature for better and
maximised angle view. Securing contracts with distributors and wholesalers so that eye wear
purchases may be made in abundant quantity. This will have increased profits to company and as
a result, firm will effectively achieve desired goals.
Threats (T)-
Threats are also available to Modi & Co which has to be resolved by taking in it. Rise of
e-commerce in today's world has led to offer eye wear products at low price and as such,
manufacturing cost increases. On the other hand, government regulations' is also another threat
to business as standards of quality of manufacturing contact lenses are changing frequently and
becoming rigid.
Illustration 5: Position Map Source:
sanandres.esc.edu.ar
It can be analysed from above position map that Modi & Co has to attain higher
performance so that people may purchase contact lenses in good quantum. It needs to beat rivals
by which competitive advantage may be attained in a better way. The prices should be kept low
and maximise quality so that profits can be attained.
3.4 Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis
Competitive Rivalry-
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The competition has become fierce in the contact lenses industry but Modi & Co will
provide better and unique products in order to effectively attain desired production and then
enhance profitability position in the best way possible. Organisation will offer differentiated
products which will attract more rivals.
Bargaining power of suppliers-
Suppliers are main force in organisation as raw materials have to be attained from them.
If they provide, materials at high prices, then unnecessarily manufacturing costs will get
increased (Rodríguez-Cabello and et.al., 2018). Cost of switching from one supplier to another
will also have bad consequence to company. While, size and strength of suppliers will also
influence organisation.
Bargaining power of customers-
It is quite easy for customers to effectively drive down the prices of contact lenses. This
is evident from the fact that there are large number of buyers in UK who prefers commodities at
lower price and they may easily switch to other businesses. There is immense importance of
buyers to Modi & Co and if buyers are more, then bargaining power is high.
Substitution threat-
Substitution is common threat found in business because products have close substitutes
which effectively reduces sales. It can be analysed that contact lenses have perfect and close
substitute which is goggles and customers can easily switch to goggles as soon as price rises of
contact lenses. Hence, threat of substitution is high (Padzik and et.al., 2016).
New entry threat-
Threat of new entry is not high as there are few large businesses dominating the market
up to a major extent. Moreover, Modi & Co will not face this kind of threat as it will provide
better quality lenses to underwater swimmers.
It can be concluded that customers will purchase eye lenses from company as spending
power of people is more. Moreover, suppliers will also provide materials at competitive price
leading to attainment of market of UK. Furthermore, Modi & Co will create barrier in entry of
rivals by implementing unique selling point and providing quality lenses having larger vision
with salt-proof technology.
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4.0 Marketing Management
4.1 Market Segmentation & Target Marketing Strategy
The market segmentation is required to be done so that company may concentrate on
particular segment only for achieving sales. In relation to this, target market of Modi & Co is
water sport enthusiasts which have thrilled to dive underwater in the sea. It means that company
will effectively achieve target market in the best way possible. Mainly factory will be located at
Brighton and as a result, firm may be able to accomplish set target in effective manner. On the
other hand, target marketing strategy such as focused or concentrated targeting will be
implemented because company will target that people only which are indulged in water sport
activity. This marketing mix is small mainly with single segment (Javanmard and et.al., 2017).
Modi & Co will effectively provide superior quality products in a manner which will
attract people in effective way. Moreover, remedy for hypoallergenic will also be provided, easy
to carry and very clear vision will be imparted to people. Hence, company will effectively attain
profits by selling goods to customers.
4.2 Pricing Strategy
Penetration pricing strategy will be implemented by company in order to provide
products at low prices. By providing at lower prices will lure customers and they will purchase
items. Penetration strategy means that company will offer goods at low prices and as a result,
higher amount of sales will be achieved. However, lower profits will be generated at initial
stages but it will be offset by attaining higher sales. Moreover, after firm attains good position in
the market, it can easily attain higher profits with ease. It can be justified that penetrating pricing
strategy is followed as firm is new in the market and if high prices will be charged, then
customers will not attract.
4.3 Promotional Strategy
Promotions are needed so that company may achieve marketing in effective manner.
There are various strategies for promotions by which customer's demand can be accomplished
about the product (Ayi, 2016). The communication objective of Modi & Co is to provide better
substitute against goggles ie contact lenses for increasing their vision in the sea and enjoy the
zoom-in experience. Advertising will be adopted by organisation in order to attain promotion. It
will be adopted because non-personal message is usually provided to customers to build up
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demand of customers with ease. Certain amount is paid by advertiser and advertisement is posted
and control over the message is found. It means that firm will effectively attain promotion by
deploying advertisement by using social media channels namely Facebook, Instagram, Twitter as
large number of people visits these channels and as a result, promotion can be done with much
ease. Hence, Modi & Co will be able to attain sales by promoting through advertisements and
thus, stated objectives will be met.
4.4 Place
It can be analysed that firm's warehouse will be located at Brighton near to Sea life
Brighton. The location is good as from there, it will directly deliver contact lenses to distributors
and wholesalers in the best possible manner. On the other hand, push and pull factors. Push
factors, idea is to directly sell products through intermediaries. Organisation will use
intermediaries to effectively attain sales and make profits. On the other hand, pull factors is
spending on advertising and promotion to effectively build up demand of product. Thus, firm
will be able to effectively attain sales by offering contact lenses to customers.
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Illustration 6: Map of Brighton

5.0 Operations management
Modi & Co. had been planning to introduce contact lenses which will be convenient to
buyers in multiple use. Thus, the main motive is for developing them for underwater use as
which does not affect any eye issues such as salt irritation, clear vision, zoom in feature, larger
vision spans as well as prevention from hypoallergenic issues. However, in this case there has
been determination of various techniques and methods to process the products. In relation with
developing goods which in turn brings adequate operational gains. The organisation has planned
to bring such lenses on reasonable rates and with perfect quality which will be manufactured by
them in manufacturing unit at Brighton.
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Figure 1 Design of underwater contact lens
(Source: Underwater contact lens, 2018)
Operating model and procedures:
In relation with manufacturing a contact lens there will be consideration of various
features and methods to be considered by producers. Moreover, it has been comprised of
implication several steps and process for manufacturing a contact lens. There will be use of raw
material like, glass or plastic which will be gone through several stages such as:
 Molding process: This is the process of molding a lens in consideration with the three
kinds of fluids which were poured in open rotating molds. After this, the outer layer of
the lens will be shaped by the mold as well as internal curvature has been developed as
per speed of mold rotation.
Figure 2 Molding process of lens
(Source: Technology, 2018)
 Lathe Process: This is the process after molding the lens it will be cut on a lathe. There
will be use of a plastic rod in cutting and stamped on a plastic sheet. After completion of
the entire process, the lens than be polished.
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 Finishing: At this stage the lens will require several curves as per the requirement of the
client. Thus, it requires the final look through which designs the lens according to the
requirement and satisfaction of the buyer (McKenzie, 2017).
 Quality control: In this stage the lenses will be investigated by implicating medical
devices. It will be examined under magnification as well as measured under shadow
graph.
 Packaging: After proper investigation and modification the lenses will be packed. There
will be use of hydrophilic material which consists of saline solution that is similar to
human tear. Therefore, due to such solution the lenses become soft and pliable as well as
were ready to wear.
Production cycle and seasonal production loads:
In accordance with manufacturing the contact lenses there will be consideration of
effective production cycle. Thus, Modi & Co. has planned to promote this technique and the
advanced features of these lenses among society (Ibrahim and et.al., 2017). it has been analysed
here that, there will be growth in gains as if proper procedure must be implicated by them in a
cost-effective manner.
Inventory storage:
Modi& Co. has analysed that the most common numbers in designing a contact lens are
needed to be prepared and stored. Along with this there will be development of various lenses
which are based on the demands and wants of buyers. Additionally, it will be designed as per
requirement of buyers.
Made to stock:
Modi & Co. have determined that all lenses are to be designed under the manufacturing
unit. They will have raw material, machineries as well as appointment of various skilled experts
in designing the lenses as per consumer wants.
Forecasting demand:
Forecasted Cash flow statement
Particulars
Initial
investment 1st year 2nd year 3rd year
Product
Underwater
contact lenses
Underwater
contact lenses
Underwater
contact lenses
Customers 1500 2000 2500
Average price 12.9 12.9 12.9
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Total revenue 19350 25800 32250
Change in % of
sales 33% 25%
Total cash
inflows 19350 25800 32250
Operating
expenses
purchase of raw
material 150 180 90
electricity charges 45 50 60
wages 55 55 55
Machineries and
equipment 140 75 60 20
packaging 45 58 62
Total cash
outflows 140 370 403 287
Net cash flows -140 18980 25397 31963
Capital invested 45000
Opening cash
balance 45000 44860 63840 89237
Ending cash
balance 44860 63840 89237 121200
6.0 Exit strategy
In relation with operating the business as well as retaining the gains from stakeholder it is
necessary to retain them for long period. Thus, in this process there have been implication of
various strategic plans such as liquidating the stakes bringing the adequate substantial profit as
well as bringing the higher return on investment. In context with this there will be rise in the
gains which were being awarded to those investors.
PART B
Evaluating the weakest strategy in proposed business plan
The weakest strategy which can be identified in the business plan is providing the contact
lenses at lower prices. It can be analysed that business will start its operations by providing the
commodities in existing market. On the other hand, it can be analysed that market penetration
strategy will be implemented which means that contact lens will be available at lower prices for
attracting customers attention towards company. However, in competitive era, there is usual
belief of people that if commodity is priced low, it might be of low quality and as a result, they
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do not make purchases. This means that customers have to be clarified with the fact that goods
are not of inferior quality and they will be satisfied after using it. The purpose of pricing is to be
assessed and then customers will be offered with products with ease.
For rectifying the weakest strategy in the business plan, Modi & Co will provide the
goods at lower but competitive prices so that satisfaction level of customers may be achieved.
This is evident from the fact that company will offer superior quality lenses along with features
like salt-proof technology and larger vision which will benefit customers in the best way
possible. Thus, by providing commodity at competitive price, firm will be able to enhance its
overall profitability with ease. Hence, the weakest strategy will be transformed into stronger one
and Modi & Co may be able to attain desired profits by accomplishing stated objectives.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Chondracanthus (Cyclopoida: Chondracanthidae) parasitic on deep-sea Dibranchus
spongiosa (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae) from the Eastern Central Pacific. Acta
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JAKI, P. and TIPTON, M., 2016. Eyesight standards for beach lifeguards. The Science of Beach
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(Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba) isolated from municipal drinking water and
environmental sources, Semnan province, north half of Iran.Experimental
parasitology. 183. pp.240-244.
McKenzie, D., 2017. Identifying and spurring high-growth entrepreneurship: Experimental
evidence from a business plan competition. American Economic Review. 107(8). pp.2278-
2307.
Nanavaty, M. A. and et.al., 2017. Toric Intraocular Lenses Versus Peripheral Corneal Relaxing
Incisions for Astigmatism Between 0.75 and 2.5 Diopters During Cataract
Surgery. American journal of ophthalmology.180. pp.165-177.
Padzik, M. and et.al., 2016. Assessment of in vitro dynamics of pathogenic Acanthamoeba
strains originating from contact lens wearers with infectious keratitis. Annals of
parasitology.62(4).
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Park, J. and et.al., 2018, July. Development of a Design Protocol for Customized Swimming
Goggles Using 2D Facial Image Data. In International Conference on Applied Human
Factors and Ergonomics (pp. 151-155). Springer, Cham.
Pesudovs, K., 2018. Influence of refractive surgery complications on quality of life.
In Management of complications in refractive surgery (pp. 13-19). Springer, Cham.
Poor, B. M. and et.al., 2018. Contamination of swimming pools and hot tubs biofilms with
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Studies in Marine Science. 23. pp.60-72.
Rodríguez-Martín, J. and et.al., 2018. Presence of Acanthamoeba in the ocular surface in a
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Rucinski, P. J., 2018. Materials and methods for controlling infections. U.S. Patent Application
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Steele, K. R., 2018. Contact Lenses and Water Exposure: Current Practice Patterns and
Perceptions (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).
Tang, M., Zhi, J. and Flaherty, G. T., 2017. An Eye on Travel: An Overview of Travel-Related
Ocular Complications.International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health.5(3).
pp.74-76.
ONLINE
Share of habits of contact lens users in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2016. 2016 [Online]
Available Through: <https://www.statista.com/statistics/665564/contact-lens-habits-in-the-
united-kingdom-uk/>
ACLM 2016 contact lens statistics. 2017 [Online] Available Through:
<https://www.abdo.org.uk/news/aclm-2016-contact-lens-statistics/>
THE BENEFITS OF CONTACT LENSES. 2012 [Online] Available
Through:<https://www.ozcontacts.com.au/blog/benefits-contact-lenses>
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Underwater contact lens. 2018. [Online]. Available through:<
https://patents.google.com/patent/US5831713 >.
Technology. 2018. [Online]. Available through :< http://silkon.com.my/technology-2/>.
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