Business Research Management: Workforce, Salary, and Gender Study

This report presents an analysis of a business research study, examining various aspects of a company's operations. The analysis begins with an overview of the workforce's age distribution, ethnic composition, and average income, utilizing descriptive statistics. It then delves into the relationship between years of experience and salary through regression analysis, revealing a significant positive correlation. Further analysis employs ANOVA to determine salary differences across job categories, indicating statistically significant variations. The report also investigates gender differences in meeting attendance using chi-square tests, finding no significant association. Additionally, the report explores the advantages and disadvantages of joint family structures, particularly for women, highlighting the impact of spousal support and family dynamics on their careers, especially in the context of working in banks. The conclusion summarizes the key findings and implications of the research.

BUSINESS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Part A...............................................................................................................................................1
(1)Age distribution of workforce.................................................................................................1
(2) Proportion of employees belonging to each ethnic group......................................................2
(3) Average income.....................................................................................................................3
(4) Relation between number of years worked and salary..........................................................3
(5) Different in salaries across varied job categories...................................................................6
(6)Significent difference between proportion of male and female attending firm meeting last
month...........................................................................................................................................6
Part B...............................................................................................................................................8
Advantage and disadvantage of joint family...............................................................................8
Lack of proper support of life partner..........................................................................................8
Struggle with family members.....................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Statistics is the one of the field that help firms in analyzing their business in proper
manner. In the present research study data related to company is analyzed in proper manner. In
this regard, varied statistical tools are applied and charts are prepared. By doing so data is
analyzed in proper manner. In middle part of the report, interview transcriptuion in relation to
condition of women working in Pakistan bank is reviewed and comments are made in same. At
end of the report, conclusion section is prepared.
Part A
(1)Age distribution of workforce
Interpretation
Higher number of employees in company workforce comes in age category of 30 as there
are 15 employees out of total number of individuals. Apart from this, there are 9 and 10 as well
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as 11 respondents that comes in age group of 30 to 35, 45 to 50 and 50 to 55 class. It can be said
that in high age group there are higher number of respondents. After 50 age number of
employees declined significantly. Apart from this, in age group of 15 to 20, 20 to 25, 35 to 40
and 40 to 45 there are less number of employees. It can be said that between 25 to 55 there are
large number of employees except 35 to 40 and 40 to 45.
(2) Proportion of employees belonging to each ethnic group
Interpretation
There are four ethic groups which are White, Asian, West Indian, African and other. In
case of White category there are 36 employees (51%) and for Asian category there are 18
employees (26%). Apart from this, in case of West Indian there are 14 employees (20%) and in
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case of African class there are just 2 employees (3%). It can be said that majority of employees
comes in White category.
(3) Average income
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimu
m
Maximu
m
Mean Std.
Deviation
Income 68 5900 10500 7819.12 997.947
Valid N
(listwise) 68
Interpretation
Average income of employees is 7819.12 which means that on average basis employees
are earning given amount in the company for the work they do at workplace. Standard deviation
value is 997.94 which means that value of the variable is deviating at fast rate as this can be seen
in case of maximum and minimum statistics where value is 10500 and 5900.
(4) Relation between number of years worked and salary
Variables Entered/Removeda
Model Variables
Entered
Variables
Removed
Method
1 Years
Workedb . Enter
a. Dependent Variable: Income
b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .340a .115 .102 945.711
a. Predictors: (Constant), Years Worked
b. Dependent Variable: Income
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ANOVAa
Model Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 7696787.937 1 7696787.937 8.606 .005b
Residual 59028359.12
2 66 894369.078
Total 66725147.05
9 67
a. Dependent Variable: Income
b. Predictors: (Constant), Years Worked
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 7410.810 180.346 41.092 .000
Years
Worked 31.841 10.854 .340 2.934 .005
a. Dependent Variable: Income
Residuals Statisticsa
Minimum Maximu
m
Mean Std.
Deviation
N
Predicted Value 7410.81 8716.27 7819.12 338.936 68
Residual -1542.650 2420.539 .000 938.627 68
Std. Predicted
Value -1.205 2.647 .000 1.000 68
Std. Residual -1.631 2.559 .000 .993 68
a. Dependent Variable: Income
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Interpretation
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It can be seen from table given above that value of level of significance is 0.005<0.05
which reflect that there is significant mean difference between variables and with change in
number of years’ salary amount also get changed. Value of multiple R is 0.340 which is
indicating that there is no big relationship between dependent and independent variable. Value of
R square is 0.115 which means that with change in number of years 11% change comes in salary
amount. Adjusted R square value is 0.102 which reflect that in case any new variable is added in
the model salary may change by 10%. Beta coefficient value is 31.84 which reflect that if slight
change happened in year than in that case salary will change by mentioned value. Hence, if years
of experience is increasing salary amount also elevate. It can be said that years as a factor play
an important role in determination of salary amount. Regression analysis is the approach that is
commonly used to explore relationship among the variables because it reflect relationship among
them from different angels (Siegel, Naishadham and Jemal, 2013). Thus, more accurate and
reliable decisions can be made by the managers by using regression analysis approach.
(5) Different in salaries across varied job categories
ANOVA
Income
Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
Between
Groups 9891797.852 3 3297265.951 3.713 .016
Within Groups 56833349.20
6 64 888021.081
Total 66725147.05
9 67
ANOVA is the one of the most important tool which is used to identify whether there is
significent mean difference between different job categories. It can be seen from table that value
of level of significence is 0.016 which is less then 0.05 and this reflect that there is signifcent
difference in salary amount across different job categories.
(6)Significent difference between proportion of male and female attending firm meeting last
month
Case Processing Summary
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Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Gender * attended
meeting 70 100.0% 0 0.0% 70 100.0%
Gender * attended meeting Crosstabulation
Count
attended meeting Total
yes no
Gender male 21 18 39
female 15 16 31
Total 36 34 70
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig. (2-
sided)
Exact Sig. (1-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square .206a 1 .650
Continuity Correctionb .045 1 .831
Likelihood Ratio .206 1 .650
Fisher's Exact Test .810 .416
Linear-by-Linear
Association .203 1 .652
N of Valid Cases 70
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 15.06.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Interpretation
Value of level of significence is 0.650 which is greater then 0.05 and on this basis it can
be said that there is no association between male and female in respect to attendence of firm
meeting. Means that there is significent difference in number of meetings by gender last month.
It can be said that chi square is the one of the most important tool that is used by the firms to
identify coorelation among multiple variables that are categorical in nature (Huber, 2011). It can
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be said that there is significent importance of the mentioned tool for the firm and it can be used
at large scale to identify solution of varied problems.
Part B
Advantage and disadvantage of joint family
Case reflect that there are some of the advantages and disadvantags of joint family for the
womens. It is clearly mentioned in the case that there are some of the plus points of joint family
for women and one of them is that in case any relative comes in home there are few people that
can entertain it. On other hand, in case of nuclear family inverse happened as if relative comes
then in that case it is very important to entertain them (Weiss, 2012). This situation can be
viewed from angle of banking. Means that if individual which is women working in bank then in
that case there will be special benefits to it due to joint family as she will be able to reach office
on time as there will be another people that can cook food and prepare tiffin for women. Due to
all these reasons women can reach office on time and can focus on her work properly. On other
hand, if there is nuclear family then in that case women have to face lots of difficulties as she
have to wake up early in the morning and need to cook food for family members. Hence, in such
kind of sitution lady have to face lots of problems and it become hard for her to focus on job. It
can be said that it is the one of the major disadvantage of the nuclear family for the women. It
can be said that family strucutre have an impact on working women career specially in bank.
Lack of proper support of life partner
Apart from family there is another factor that also have impact on the carrer of women in
banks. It can be seen that husbands have huge influence on the women carrer in banks. This is
because there are many husbands that expect that women work in bank but arrive in home on
time. Due to such kind of expectations lots of pressure remain on married women to work hard
and with full effeciency so that work can be completed on time and in proper manner. It can be
said that it is very important for the working women that their husband fully cooperate with them
to maximum possible extent. By doing so it can be ensured that they will be freely work in bank
and will do work in better manner. On basis of analysis it can be said that women condition
sometimes become pathetic due to nature of male or husband (Khan and Noreen, 2012). In such
kind of situation women have to show stubborn behaviour and need to adamently handle
situation. By doing so she can stand against entire family and can ensure that her rights are fully
protected and will not be harmed by any family member. It can be deduced that family members
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need to understand that women in economically supporting family and due to this reason it is
very important to support them in proper manner.
Struggle with family members
As per given interview transcription it is clear that at homes women not only have to
handle their husbands as there are father and mother in law also at home which make it difficult
for them to do job in easy way. There are some of the expectations of these father and mother in
laws from women in tems of performance of family responsibility and many other things. In case
they observed that women is not able to perform its responsibility in proper manner then in that
case they put pressure on women to leave their job. Not only this, husbands if observed that it is
difficult for their wives to handle job and home in proper manner then in that case they simply
put an option in front of women to leave their job (Pakistani women continue to fight gender
inequality, 2018). This thing is also reflected in the case that is is given in interview
transcription. It can be said that such kind of thinking is not good and negatively harm women
and family economic condition. In today era it become very important to do job for both male
and female. This is because if both are doing job then in that case family condition remain good
and economically it become more stronger. For this it is necessary that husband and wife fully
cooperate with each other to maximum possible extent so that work life can be made better. In
this regard, it is necessary to divide role and responsibility towards home in proper manner.
There is need to develop broad understanding because by doing so both can remain happy and
can do their job in beter way.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of above discussion it is concluded that in the company there are most of
employees whose age group is high as it can be said that most of employees age group is greater
then 20 and in range of maxiumum limit of 50. However, within range of 20 to 50 there are
some categories where number of employees are small. There is also difference in salary level
across varied job categories. It is also concluded that number of years of experience also have
impact on salary level of individuals on job. Working women face a lots of problems on their in
jobs in banks in Pakistan and it is very important that they receive full cooperation from side of
their family members so that balance can be maintained in personal and proffesional life.
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REFERENCE
Books and Journals
Huber, P.J., 2011. Robust statistics. In International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science (pp. 1248-1251). Springer
Berlin Heidelberg.
Khan, R.E.A. and Noreen, S., 2012. Microfinance and women empowerment: A case study of District Bahawalpur
(Pakistan). African Journal of Business Management. 6(12). p.4514.
Siegel, R., Naishadham, D. and Jemal, A., 2013. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 63(1).
pp.11-30.
Weiss, A.M., 2012. Moving forward with the legal empowerment of women in Pakistan. US Institute of Peace.
Online
Pakistani women continue to fight gender inequality, 2018. [Online]. Available through:<
http://www.dw.com/en/pakistani-women-continue-to-fight-gender-inequality/a-16264593>.
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