Response of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises to COVID-19 Disruption

This research report investigates the response of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to the COVID-19 disruption and its implications for the United Kingdom (UK). It explores the impact of the pandemic on SMEs, their decision-making process, major challenges faced, and key opportunities for recovery. The research also examines the effectiveness of national policy interventions and schemes in supporting SMEs. The findings provide insights into the response strategies and recommendations for SMEs in the current pandemic situation.

Business Research Project –
Entrepreneurship
[TO INVESTIGAT THE RESPONSE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ETERPRISES TO
COVID-19 DISRUPTION]

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................3
Background................................................................................................................................3
Rationale....................................................................................................................................3
Aims and Objectives.................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................5
1. Impact of the corona virus (Covid 19) on businesses.....................................................5
2. Decision-making process of SMEs in the current pandemic time period....................5
3. Major challenges faced by small and medium-sized businesses due to Covid 19....6
4. Key opportunities for SMEs placed and prepared...........................................................6
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..........................................................................7
CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH AND FINDINGS.............................................................................9
Themes.......................................................................................................................................9
Findings....................................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................12
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................12
RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................................................................13
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................15
APPENDIX...................................................................................................................................18
Gantt Chart and WBS.............................................................................................................18
Ethics Form..............................................................................................................................19

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Background
Presently the whole world is suffering from the very negative impact of corona
virus which is also known to be COVID-19, in which government of each country has
taken different steps towards systemically dealing with this pandemic. This pandemic
has had a very bad impact on different SMEs of the United Kingdom, because small
and medium-sized businesses of this country currently do not have appropriate
customers to sale their different products and services (Küçük, Lenoël and Macqueen,
2020). The main aim behind completing this research report is to investigate the
response of small and medium sized enterprises to COVID-19 disruption: implications
for the United Kingdom (UK). Small and medium size companies are facing several
problems because o Covid 19 pandemic. The reason behind selecting this sector is
helping out them in knowing ways of running business because small and medium size
are the one who got affected the most as compared to big organizations.

Rationale
COVID-19, currently everyone knows about this term, because it is the pandemic which
has very badly affected to the human live or human civilisation. There are thousands of
businesses and companies has been permanently closed due to this pandemic.
Basically, due to stop the spread of corona virus infection, governments within almost all
countries has imposed rule of lockdown their people or businesses. In this situation,
government of the UK also was imposed rule of lockdown in order safeguarding their
people, so this pandemic and lockdown has very negatively affected to the SMEs of the
United Kingdom (Carmody and et.al., 2020). The main reason behind choosing this
topic for the research topic is to know how the sector of SMEs within the UK deals with
this pandemic. This research work will also be able to know the government’s steps
which it has taken in the welfare of small and medium-sized businesses after the
pandemic.
Aims and Objectives
Aim
To investigate the response of small and medium sized enterprises to COVID-19
disruption: implications for the United Kingdom (UK).
Objectives
 To know about the positive immediate responses for SMEs should be for
recovering from the Covid 19.
 To highly the decision-making process of SME in the time period of pandemic.
 For identifying major challenges which has faced small and medium-sized
businesses due to Covid 19.
 For analyzing key opportunities to SMEs that has suitably placed and prepared.
 To know the effectiveness of national policy interventions and schemes for
supporting SMEs.
Research Questions

 What are the positive immediate responses for SMEs to systematically recover
from Covid 19 pandemic?
 What types of decisions are taken by different small and medium-sized ventures
in the current pandemic time period?
 What are the major challenges of Covid 19 which are currently faced by different
small businesses?
 Government of the UK takes which steps for helping or supporting different
SMEs in the current pandemic time period.
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Impact of the corona virus (Covid 19) on businesses
According to Mason (2020), Covid 19 has very negatively impacted to
businesses of all countries and nations. Currently sales ratios and profit margins of
different businesses completely have decreased just because of corona virus pandemic.
In this situation, there are great loss has faced by different ventures of the United
Kingdom as well. Currently hospitality businesses and companies of the United
Kingdom have been fully collapsed, because these companies don’t have customers or
people within the market for selling their hospitality services. This pandemic has
affected to the businesses of other industries and sectors as well, like; retail, travel and
tourism, food and beverage, fashion etc. However, currently large-sized businesses are
able to handle this situation of pandemic, because they have very strong funding
sources. But businesses which come under the SME sector are not able to again run
their business operations in the market place. They require putting their huge efforts for
raising fund in the market place, because currently the UK’s economic is suffering from

the slowdown. There all are some major factors which show the actual impact of Covid
19 on the businesses including SMEs of the United Kingdom.
2. Decision-making process of SMEs in the current pandemic time period
As illustrated by Rapaccini and et.al. (2020) after the Covid 19, the mindset and way of
thinking of people have completely changed, and this is why top-level management of
different SMEs also has started thinking something differently for gaining proper profit
margins in the current pandemic time period as well. When SMEs do not have
customers after pandemic for selling their products, then most SMEs have taken
decision to make changes in products quality and pricing strategies. For example; some
small and medium-sized businesses have started to use proper sanitizer facility in their
workplace for making people or customers comfortable. Basically, these types of
decisions of SMEs can attract many new customers in the market place.
3. Major challenges faced by small and medium-sized businesses due to Covid 19
As per Juergensen, Guimón and Narula, (2020) the major challenges that SMEs in the
UK are facing is deeply unsettling due to worriers and disruption of the economy,
fluctuations in demand and supply, logistics and supply chain issues, consumer
behavior and purchasing power and a high decline in sales. As per the author, the onset
of the pandemic led to lockdowns across the UK which led to closing down of the
physical stores, which mostly consists of the small and medium enterprises. As per the
study, more than half of the country’s economy is stagnant and expect recession while
the other half is extremely weak. There are concerns among the SMEs regarding
defaulting loans, issues with cash flow, concerns and challenges to retain their
employees, a drop in the sales turnover, operating profit and revenue, postponing the
growth projects. There are issues of freezing of the external funding, immense cash
crunch, a high plunge in the creditworthiness and ratings, a lack of recapitalization, high
uncertainties and fear of going of business, delay in lockdown, backlash, inability to
catch up with the online and digital markets etc. (Guimón and Narula, 2020).
4. Key opportunities for SMEs placed and prepared
According to the study by Rowan and Galanakis, (2020) the major threats that SMEs
around the UK are facing are in terms of uncertainty, revenue impact, drop in the

demand and short-term liquidity needs have becomes critical for the survival. However,
SMEs can also grab major opportunities hat the aftereffects of the pandemic has
brought and can be implemented effectively as the lockdown gets lifted. Any crisis
brings about opportunities which have to be grabbed through new ideas, innovation and
entrepreneurship spirit. SMEs can invest more on the surveys and predictions of the
consumer behavior and market and develop products and services accordingly. Any
business that grabs the right direction in the present times can establish themselves
more strongly than the ones denying the change implementation. Innovations have to
be focused upon and use of the government aids like job retention schemes, deferred
VAT, grant funding have to be effectively utilized. The companies have to grab the
opportunities of the online market and start thinking about what future holds for their
business sector, invest more on digital marketing, home delivery services, remote
working, global value chains, complying with health and safety regulation in order to
adjust and sustain with the new normal (Rowan and Galanakis, 2020).
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research used in this project involves a systematic inquiry of the study topic of the
impact of covid-19 on the small and medium enterprises and their implication in the UK
in order to describe, predict, explain observe, study and control the phenomenon
through collected data and findings observed.
Research type: There are mainly two types of research that can be undertaken in his
research study that is quantitative and qualitative study. Qualitative study type is based
on a non-numerical form of collecting and analyzing the data in order to understand
what is meant by the study using deeper insights into concepts and meanings.
Quantitative research type on the other hand deals with numerical data collection and
analysis and is initiated by formation of a hypotheses and the conclusion is either
proving it right or wrong (Peterson, 2019). This study has opted for qualitative data as
researcher believes that by gathering data in words and feelings form, better results can
be developed.
Research approach: There are two research approaches that can be used alongside
either qualitative or quantitative data, which as inductive approach and deductive

approach. Inductive approach is aimed at observing an already occurred event in depth
by analysis of experiences, meanings and for creation of a new theory. On the hand the
deductive reasoning is aimed at the testing or experimentation-based approach and
reasoning of the existing theory in order to verify the already occurred event and come
to a black and white conclusion of the hypotheses, it basically moves from broad
generalizations to specific observations (Woiceshyn and Daellenbach, 2018). This study
has adopted for inductive reasoning as it aims to move from specific observations to
wider generalization of the impact of the pandemic on the small and medium
businesses in the UK.
Research design: The research design is the purpose of the entire research in the way
it is structured, and various designs that can be adopted are exploratory, descriptive
and explanatory. Exploratory research is conducted to explore a group of question,
while descriptive is aimed at explanation of the sample population. This research has
adopted the descriptive design for the study as it aims to describe, explain and validate
the findings along with a description of what, who, where and how (Dewi, Hernawan and
Apsari, 2019).
Research philosophy: There are various philosophies that are used as the
phenomenon to analyses and interpret data to reach to conclusions, such as
pragmatism, positivism and interpretivism. Positivism is the preference of scientific
quantitative methods while interpretivism is based on humanist methods. This study has
used interpretivism as the philosophy because it is associated or suitable with
qualitative research and researcher can interpret data in better manner with this
philosophy. (Ryan, 2018).
Data collection and analysis: There are two sources of collection of data, primary
through first hand surveys, focus groups and interviews and secondary using second
hand researches. Die to the restriction of the pandemic, the questionnaire methods
could not be adopted and the entire research is based on secondary data. The sources
of data range from different authentic journals articles, online articles and newspapers,
government documents and reports, business reports, authentic and published books,
research projects, and other published academic papers. The data was analyzed using

thematic analysis and major themes were created for every major aspect of the study
and inductive reasoning was applied (Corti, 2018).
Reliability and validity: The entire research v=can be deemed as highly reliable as all
the sources undertaken for this project report were highly authentic and trusted
institutions, authors and publications where the extent of the survey could be repeated
and similar results could be obtained. The research was highly valid as al the articles
and references used were after the pandemic started and no old or irrelevant studies
were taken into consideration.
Ethical considerations: All the ethical considerations were taken care of in the
secondary research study and appropriate ethical forms and data storage and
management forms have been attached. No unlawful or unethical actions were taken in
the entire duration of the stud and three were no conflicts on interests.
CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH AND FINDINGS
Themes
Theme 1: Corona virus (Covid 19) pandemic
Currently the entire world is facing very bad impact of corona virus. In the beginning of
2020, the first case of corona virus infection was found in a city of China, named;
Wuhan. From that date to till, cases of corona virus are increasing day to day, and this
is why most of people are avoiding to entre in the marker place to protect own self from
the infection of corona virus. In this dynamic world, existing people has never seen
before this type of pandemic (Pantano and et.al., 2020). There are market places of
many countries has completely collapsed due to this pandemic, because there are no
people within the market place for buying products and services. Due to having lack of
customers, there are many ventures has been closed, and this is very bas impact of this
pandemic on different ventures and business. Currently this pandemic is infecting
people in the market place of United Kingdom, and this is why there are many corona
viruses active exists in the national boundaries of the UK.

However, UK’s national health service authority is taking many innovative as well as
productive steps towards protecting locals from this pandemic, and this is why currently
many people within this country are recovering from Covid 19. The UK government has
imposed some strict rules and regulations on existing businesses or ventures as well in
order to stop the spread of corona virus (Ratten, 2020). However, many of venture are
gaining appropriate profit margins in current pandemic time period as well. But due to
this pandemic, mots businesses of the United Kingdom become completely closed.
Majorly this pandemic has badly affected to travel & tourism, hospitality, food &
beverage and transportation industries in the UK, and businesses which works under
these all industries are currently not able to run their business operations in proper way.
Theme 2: Small and medium-sized businesses of the United Kingdom
In this modern and dynamic world, the UK is one of the richest countries in the world, in
which existing small and medium -sized businesses plays an excellent role in making
effectiveness of this country at the international level (Cairney, 2020). Basically, this
country’s small businesses are giving great contribution in overall development of
economy and GDP (gross domestic product), and these is why businesses of small and
medium sized category are very valuable for this country. Currently total 5.9 different
businesses are running their operations in the country, in which 5.8 are only small and
medium-sized businesses. It means, total 99.3% businesses in the UK comes from
small and medium sized category of businesses, and this is why anyone can simply
analyze the great impact of these venture in economic development of the United
Kingdom.
People or entrepreneurs who runs different small and medium-sized venture in this
country are also facing many troubles due to corona virus. Basically, pandemic of Covid
19 has badly affected to most of small businesses of the United Kingdom. These
ventures don’t have customers right now in market place to sale their products and
services (Gourinchas and et.al., 2020). Due to this pandemic, people god scared, and
they don’t want to unnecessarily visit in market place, because are thinking that, if they
highly visit in market place, then they can be infected from corona virus. However. Top-
level management in some small ventures has seen this pandemic as a business

opportunity as well. For example; now customers like to consume such food and
beverage products and services which has an excellent packaging, because proper
packaging of products always makes safe to people from pandemic. This is why most
ventures are gaining huge profit margins in current time period as well by providing
products and services to customers in proper packaging.
Theme 3: Government’s approaches to systematically deal with pandemic
The local government of the United Kingdom knows about bad or negative impact of
corona virus pandemic on the nation, and this is why it is taking different productive
steps and making various productive approaches for systematically dealing with this
pandemic. Basically, involvement of government is very mandatory to resolve the issue
of Covid 19, because it is not favorable for economic development of a country (Che,
Du and Chan, 2020). When the first case of corona virus was found in the country, the
government this nation become very active, and has started to conduct different
activities and operations for protecting locals from the corona virus pandemic. For
example; the UK government was imposed the rule of lockdown on people or business,
and this rule was influenced to people or businessman for making own self isolated to
be protected from the corona virus infection.
Due to the rule of lockdown, all small and medium-sized businesses and ventures was
also not able to run their business operations in the market place, and this is why there
was many ventures has terminated their employees or worker because of lack of fund
and income. This pandemic was affected to all types of people, because due to zero
income, many employees of small and medium-sized ventures was lost their jobs.
However, after few months of lockdown, the government has realized that, if it will with
the option of lockdown for protecting, then its economy will be badly affected in the
future, and then the government was given permission to all local enterprises or
businesses for again start their operations of business in the market place, but with
using proper precautions of corona virus (Barreiro-Gen, Lozano and Zafar, 2020). After
this permission, many of small and medium-sized ventures are successfully running
their business operations in current pandemic time period as well.

Theme 4: Actions and steps of small and medium businesses to handle the
pandemic situation
Top-level management within almost all ventures are taking various productive actions
and making effective action plan for smoothly handle the situation of pandemic. For
example; different ventures are now started to provide proper facility of sanitizer to
customers and their employees, because currently most people or customers like to buy
products and services only from those ventures and businesses who has properly
followed all guidelines of Covid 19. On the other side, upper management within many
small and medium-sized ventures are encouraging their employees for always wearing
masks to stop the spread of corona virus, and this is a great step to motivate customers
for visiting in the market place to buy products and services.
On the other side, many businesses have started to use thermometer as well in
workplace for regularly check the temperature of all employees, customers and visitors
(Salamzadeh and Dana, 2020). Currently small and medium-sized ventures which
works in the UK’s food and beverage industry also become very active in order to sale
many unites of product in current pandemic time period as well, and this is why they has
started to offer their food and beverage products and services in proper packaging.
These types of actions and steps are very valuable and important to a small and
medium-sized businesses for gaining huge profit margins in different segment of
market.
Findings
On the basis of above findings, the corona virus pandemic has badly affected to
different businesses and ventures in the United Kingdom, but top-level management of
many business has found some productive strategies to smoothly run own business
operations in the current time period as well. Of course, this is tough time period to
small and medium-sized businesses of the UK, because there are only few customers
in the market to sale own various products and services (Ozili, 2020). In this situation,
upper management of a business have to be some creative as well as innovative for
systematically dealing with various issue of corona virus pandemic, because it is very
important raise appropriate profit in current pandemic time period as well.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that active cases of corona virus or Covid 19 are increasing
in market place day by day, in which stopping own operations of business to protect
own self is not an appropriate solution. Due to this reason, local government of the
United Kingdom also has motivated to people for visiting in market but with taking
proper precautions of corona virus. Currently competition is also highly increasing in
each sector and industry, and this is why if any small business has stopped its
operations to stop the spread of corona virus infection, then that venture cannot gain
proper outcomes in market place. It can be also concluded that, running own business
operations by taking all precautions of corona virus is the best solution for gaining
favourable profit margins in current pandemic time period. However, top-level
management of many ventures has taken steps accordingly, and this is why they are
easily surviving in current pandemic as well.
On the other side, upper management within many small and medium-sized ventures
have to take some patience, because one day things will be changed, and again they
will be able to run their business operations without fear of corona virus infection,
because day or night all scientist and researchers puts their huge efforts for finding
appropriate vaccine of Covid 19. There are many people or customers exists in market
place who are only waiting for the vaccine of this pandemic for freely moving in one
place to another for buying things which has decided to consume. WHO (world health
organisation) is also taking various productive steps for overcome this pandemic, and
one day this organisation can be achieved in its goal. However, various managers and
owners of small and medium-sized ventures need to run their business operations by
considering all guidelines of government of the United Kingdom.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It can be recommended that top-level management within different businesses of
the United Kingdom have to follow all guidelines and rules & regulations of local

government for attracting many new customers towards own brand, because currently
most people or customers like to buy products and services only from those ventures
which are properly following all guidelines of government (Morgan and et.al., 2020). On
the other side, small and medium sized ventures of the UK which works under food and
beverage industry are specially need to be some active and aggressive for gaining
proper outcomes in the current pandemic time period as well. Basically, nowadays most
people or customers want to buy food and beverage items in proper packing for being
protected from the Covid 19 pandemic, in which upper management of a food and
beverage business have to provide quality products and services with proper packaging
to gain effective profit margins in market place.
The UK government is also making many action plans to make the UK fully free from
the corona virus pandemic. In this situation, these action plans will help to a small and
medium-sized business for again gaining appropriate outcomes in the future. However,
upper management of a venture also need to give its great contribution in overcome this
Covid 19 pandemic. For example; they can offer proper facility of sanitizer to different
customers, they can provide leave to their employees who are feeling sick, businesses
can use thermometer for continuously checking temperature of all customers,
employees and visits in the workplace (Hupkau and Petrongolo, 2020). After taking
these all precautions of corona virus, the small and large-sized ventures will be able to
fight against corona virus pandemic.
Research limitation
While conducting research, several problems occur in the path of the success.
One of the main research problems was lack of time. Due to changes in environmental
factors such as climate change, situations of lockdown, it becomes difficult to complete
tasks in a given deadline. It is believed that if researcher could have conducted
questionnaire then better results could have been developed. But it was not possible to
conduct questionnaire because we were required to follow guidelines of Covid-19. But
there were enough data on books and journals and secondary data helped out in
completing project in an effective manner. Skilled stakeholders also helped i completing

tasks in a timely manner. Other main problem was lack of finance but by identifying
appropriate sources of fund, this problem was also solved out.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Albert, C., Caggese, A. and González, B., 2020. The short-and long-run employment
impact of Covid-19 through the effects of real and financial shocks on new
firms. (No. 1739).
Barreiro-Gen, M., Lozano, R. and Zafar, A., 2020. Changes in Sustainability Priorities in
Organisations due to the COVID-19 Outbreak: Averting Environmental Rebound
Effects on Society. Sustainability. 12(12). p.5031.
Cairney, P., 2020. The UK government’s COVID-19 policy: assessing evidence-
informed policy analysis in real time. British Politics. pp.1-27.
Carmody, P., and et.al., 2020. COVID-19 in the Global South: Impacts and Responses.
Che, L., Du, H. and Chan, K. W., 2020. Unequal pain: a sketch of the impact of the
Covid-19 pandemic on migrants’ employment in China. Eurasian Geography
and Economics. pp.1-16.
Corti, L., 2018. Data collection in secondary analysis. The SAGE handbook of
qualitative data collection, pp.164-181.
Dewi, M.W., Hernawan, K.F. and Apsari, Y., 2019. THEMATIC PROGRESSION IN
STUDENTS’DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS. PROJECT (Professional Journal of English
Education), 2(2), pp.227-233.
Gourinchas, P. O., and et.al., 2020. Covid-19 and SME failures. (No. w27877). National
Bureau of Economic Research.
Hupkau, C. and Petrongolo, B., 2020. Work, care and gender during the Covid-19 crisis.
Juergensen, J., Guimón, J. and Narula, R., 2020. European SMEs amidst the COVID-
19 crisis: assessing impact and policy responses. Journal of Industrial and
Business Economics, 47(3), pp.499-510.
Küçük, H., Lenoël, C. and Macqueen, R., 2020. PROSPECTS FOR THE UK
ECONOMY. National Institute Economic Review. 254. pp.F4-F39.
Mason, C., 2020. The Coronavirus Economic Crisis: Its Impact on Venture Capital and
High Growth Enterprises.
Morgan, T., and et.al., 2020. <? covid19?> SME response to major exogenous shocks:
The bright and dark sides of business model pivoting. International Small
Business Journal. 38(5). pp.369-379.
Ozili, P. K., 2020. COVID-19 in Africa: socioeconomic impact, policy response and
opportunities. Policy Response and Opportunities. (April 13, 2020).
Pantano, E., and et.al., 2020. Competing during a pandemic? Retailers’ ups and downs
during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Business Research.

Peterson, J.S., 2019. Presenting a qualitative study: A reviewer’s perspective. Gifted
Child Quarterly, 63(3), pp.147-158.
Rapaccini, M., and et.al., 2020. Navigating disruptive crises through service-led growth:
The impact of COVID-19 on Italian manufacturing firms. Industrial Marketing
Management. 88. pp.225-237.
Ratten, V., 2020. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and sport
entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior& Research.

Rowan, N.J. and Galanakis, C.M., 2020. Unlocking challenges and opportunities
presented by COVID-19 pandemic for cross-cutting disruption in agri-food and
green deal innovations: Quo Vadis?. Science of the Total Environment,
p.141362.
Ryan, G., 2018. Introduction to positivism, interpretivism and critical theory. Nurse
researcher, 25(4), pp.41-49.
Salamzadeh, A. and Dana, L. P., 2020. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic:
challenges among Iranian startups. Journal of Small Business &
Entrepreneurship. pp.1-24.
Woiceshyn, J. and Daellenbach, U., 2018. Evaluating inductive vs deductive research in
management studies. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management:
An International Journal.

APPENDIX
Gantt Chart and WBS
Gantt Chart
Task 1 Week
2
Week
s
3
Week
s
4
Week
s
5
Week
s
6
Week
s
7
Week
s
8
Week
s
9
Weeks
Development
of Aim and
relevant
Objectives
Conducting
literature
Review
Development
of research
methodology
Collecting and
analysing data
Conclusion
Work Break Down (WBS)

Ethics Form
Forename: Selina Surname: Mohith
Student number: 21394157
Student email: [e-mail]
PROJECT DESCRIPTON
Please answer the following questions:
1. Do you intend to involve human participants in the conduct of your
research? If no, please skip questions 2 & 3.
☐No
2. Does your research involve vulnerable adults or under-18s?
☐No
3. Could your research potentially expose you, anyone assisting you, or
participants to emotional harm?
☐No
4. Will your research involve travelling to geo-politically unstable
regions/countries (e.g. areas affected by war, civil unrest, natural
disasters, or listed as unadvisable to travel by the UK government?

☐No
5. Will your research involve access to security-sensitive material? If yes,
you must include a data management statement.
☐No
This proposal must be completed with the assistance of your supervisor.
You can change the size of the boxes (below) by typing or deleting as
necessary.
It is very important to convey with clarity:
• Your research questions/the problem/the theme or topic you are
investigating (what you are proposing to do and to find out or to create)
• The methodology or technical approach (for projects comprising in whole
or in part the creation of an artefact) you will adopt – methods, number of
participants, who the participants (if any) will be, survey instruments used
technology and equipment employed etc.; and what questions you are
planning to ask your respondents (if applicable); how you will deal with
technical challenges.
To investigate the response of small and medium sized enterprises to COVID-19
disruption: implicationsfor the United Kingdom (UK)
Name of researcher: Selina Mohith Email:[e-mail]
Student email: 21394157
@student.uwl.ac.uk
Name of supervisor: Dr Lemun Nuhu

WHERE APPROPRIATE TO YOUR CHOSEN
TOPIC/RESEARCH:
YES NO N/A
1 Will you describe in writing the main procedures to participants in
advance, so that they are informed about what to expect? A copy
of this must be attached to this application
✔
2 Will you tell participants that their participation is voluntary? ✔
3 Will you obtain written consent for participation and include within
this that they have a right to withdraw at any point? A copy of this
must be attached to this application
✔
4 If the research is observational, will you ask participants for their
consent to being observed?
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5 With questionnaires, will you give participants the option of
omitting questions they do not want to answer?
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6 Will you tell participants that their data will be treated with full
confidentiality and that, if published, it will not be identifiable as
theirs? This should be evidenced in the consent form and with a
signed copy of UWL’s data management form, attached to this
application.
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7 Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e.
give them a brief explanation of the study)? A copy of this must be
attached to this application
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If you have ticked No to any of Q1-7, but have ticked box A overleaf, please give an
explanation on a separate sheet.
[Note: N/A = not applicable]

YES NO N/A
8 Will your project involve deliberately misleading participants in
any way?
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9 Is there any realistic risk of any participants experiencing either
physical or psychological distress or discomfort? If Yes, give
details on a separate sheet and state what you will tell them to do
if they should experience any problems (e.g. who they can
contact for help).
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If you have ticked Yes to 8 or 9, you should normally tick box B overleaf; if not, please
give a full explanation on a separate sheet
YES NO N/A
10 Does your project involve work with animals? If yes, please tick
box B overleaf.
✔
11 Do participants fall into any of
the following vulnerable
groups? If they do, please and
tick box B overleaf.
Note that you may also need
to obtain satisfactory DBS
clearance (or equivalent for
Schoolchildren (under 18 years
of age)
✔
People with learning or
communication difficulties
✔
Patients ✔
People in custody ✔
People engaged in illegal
activities (e.g. drug-taking)
✔

overseas students). Any other groups who could be
reasonably argued as
representing any form of
vulnerability – please specify
✔
12 Will you be accessing materials which may be considered
security-sensitive under the Counter Terrorism Act (2015)?
✔
There is an obligation on the researcher to bring to the attention of the School
Ethics Panel any issues with ethical implications not clearly covered by the above
checklist.
PLEASE TICK EITHER BOX A OR BOX B BELOW AND PROVIDE THE DETAILS
REQUIRED IN SUPPORT OF YOUR APPLICATION. THEN SIGN THE FORM.
Please tick
A. I consider that this project has no significant ethical implications to be brought
before the School Ethics Panel.
✔
B. I consider that this project may have ethical implications that should be
brought before the School Ethics Panel, and/or it will be carried out with
children or other vulnerable populations.
✔
I have received guidance on ethical research practices relevant to my subject as part of
my preparation for this module.
Signed: Selina M. Print Name: Selina Mohith Date _______________
(UG Researcher(s))
Signed ___________________________ Print Name ______________________
Date _______________

(Supervisor)
PART 2
SPECIFICATIONS OF PROJECT
Please answer the following question:
Do you intend to use only secondary data in the conduct of your research?
Yes ☐No
Introduction
In the United Kingdom, small and medium sized enterprises, also known as SME’s form
an important sector – it is strategically vital in order to export growth, economic stability
and ultimately to provide employment. SME’s can be imperilled by extrinsic and
unexpected circumstances. An example of this would include COVID-19 as it was very
much unexpected to those within the UK and especially for businesses. In this I will
cover just how this has proved to be the case and how it is currently still proving to be a
challenge within the SME sector. Every business in the United Kingdom has had to step
back and plan ways in which businesses could improve as well as cutting back on what
they can.
The main aims and objectives to cover within this research is:
- To identify the positive immediate responses that SME’s should follow as protocol in
order for them to recover from the losses and setbacks that COVID-19 has caused in
the United Kingdom, to ensure business continuity and that it remains stable.
- To underline the present business decision-making that SME’s in the UK are having to
face and also to diagnose the challenges, which can be considered extensive.
- To analyse the threats and risk posed by market external environment and potential
opportunities for SME’s that are suitably prepared as well as the efficiency of National
Schemes and policy interventions to advocate SME’s to ensure for sustainability will
also be covered.
Method
There will be a vast amount of methodical issues within this research due to the current
circumstances that exist due to COVID-19. This includes time, as it will be limited. The
resources that will be used in this research are also limited because of staying within

social bubbles and coming into contact with people have proven to be a challenge.
Despite all of the above, maximum effort will be going into creating research and
collecting data for this chosen topic in order to cover what is necessary. From the
beginning of this research having the options of primary and secondary data- it will now
only be secondary data in order to meet the set requirements and still be able to
compile research.
Research design: The research will include descriptive and informative design.
Participants (where applicable): In order to keep distance and to adhere to COVID-19
rules and regulations, meeting with people will not be happening. However, looking into
small and medium sized businesses will continue- this will be through public information
found on the business websites and community guidelines. I will look into enterprises
such as John Lewis as an example.
Materials: Materials used will be online articles, journals, published documents and they
will all be listed in the references. Secondary sources such as books, journals, the use
of internet and websites will be considered and used to conduct this research.
Analysis:There are mainly two types of research that can be undertaken in this research
study that is quantitative and qualitative study. Qualitative study type is based on a non-
numerical form of collecting and analyzing the data in order to understand what is
meant by the study using deeper insights into concepts and meanings. Quantitative
research type on the other hand deals with numerical data collection and analysis and is
initiated by formation of a hypotheses and the conclusion is either proving it right or
wrong (Peterson, 2019).
This study has opted for qualitative data as a new meanings and experiences will be
generated from the data.
Section B: Research Ethics and Integrity
DATA MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE STATEMENT
All applicants should familiarise themselves with the Data Protection Act 1998, and
adhere to its principles in all aspects of their research:

Research data covers a broad range of types of information (see examples below), and
digital data can be structured and stored in a variety of file formats.
EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH DATA
Some examples of research data:
Documents (text, Word), spreadsheets
Laboratory notebooks, field notebooks, diaries
Questionnaires, transcripts, codebooks
Audiotapes, videotapes
Photographs, films
Test responses
Slides, artefacts, specimens, samples
Collection of digital objects acquired and generated during the process of research
Database contents (video, audio, text, images)
Models, algorithms, scripts
Contents of an application (input, output, logfiles for analysis software, simulation
software, schemas)
Methodologies and workflows
Standard operating procedures and protocols
As a student or member of staff undertaking a research project, I understand that I am
responsible for the following:
The security and confidentiality of all data collected

Mitigating all risks to anonymity, privacy and confidentiality posed by all kinds of
personal information storage, processing, including computer and paper files, e-mail
records, audio and video files, and any information that directly identifies an individual. It
is recommended that data be anonymised at the point of collection.
I will ensure that:
Data and codes and all identifying information will be kept in separate locked filing
cabinets/files and working files will contain no identifying information, and will only be
accessed by one or two persons
All audiotapes will be transcribed using codes or pseudonyms for identification of
individuals and destroyed upon completion of the research project
Access to computer files will be available by password only
Research data will be stored for up to 5 years after the end of the project, after which
they should be disposed of safely.
Name: Selina Mohith
Application ID:
Project title: To investigate the response of small and medium sized enterprises to
COVID-19 in the United Kingdom (UK)