Introduction to Business Studies

This content covers the basics of business studies including the four main elements of marketing mix, with a focus on the promotion element and Tesco as an example. It also includes a PPT on analysing the impact of internal and external factors on business operations, and an assignment template for a case study on HR, with a focus on motivation theories and Warner Leisure Hotels as an example.

Introduction to Business Studies

Contents
Poster........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
PPT.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Assignment Template for IBS on HR Case Study..................................................................................................................................................... 17

Poster
Introduction
Marketing mix refers to a combination of strategies or actions
that are used by an organisation in order to promote its products or
brand within the marketplace. There are four main elements of
marketing mix and are known as 4Ps which include product, price,
place and promotion (Lahtinen, Dietrich and Rundle-Thiele, 2020).
This poster considers “Promotion” element of marketing and the
chosen organisation is Tesco for demonstrating aspects of this element.
Tesco is a retail supermarket established within UK that is engaged in
dealing grocery and many other products.
Promotion
Tesco is using multiple promotional strategies within its
marketing plan in order to promote its products and brand among
market share within the marketplace. Some of these promotional
channels used by the organisation include social media marketing,
direct marketing, public relations and many more (Ndofirepi, Farinloye
and Mogaji, 2020). These promotional tools help company in
generating awareness about its grocery products among its potential
customers throughout the world.
Direct marketing
Tesco uses hoardings, TV channels, charitable events for generating awareness
regarding its discounts and offers for capturing more customer-base.
Public relations
This assist organisation in enhancing brand value as regular customers mostly
foster brand of Tesco to others on the basis of their better experience with the
company and its products that boosts sales volume and market share
(Routledge Solimun and Fernandes, 2018)
Conclusion
From above explanation, it has been concluded that
element of promotion within marketing mix facilitate
organisation in reaching up to its target market. There have
been different promotional tools that can be used by company
to foster its brand, products and other services.
Social media marketing-
This tool help Tesco in providing information regarding its
brand, products, etc. throughout the world through posting
pictures or videos on social media platforms like Facebook,
Instagram, etc.
References
a tinen ietric T and ndle T ieleL h , V., D h, . Ru - h , S., 2020.
on li e t e mar etin mi Te tin t eL g v h k g x. s g h
e ecti ene o t e commercial mar etin mi in aff v ss f h k g x
ocial mar etin conte t s k g x .
o rnal o ocial
J u f S
Mar etin
k g.
do irepi arinlo e T and Mo a iN f , E., F y , . g j , E., 2020.
Mar etin mi in a etero eno i er ed cationk g x h g us h gh u
mar et A ca e o A rica n k : s f f . I
nder tandin t e
U s g h
i er ed cation mar et in A rica
h gh u
k f pp( . 241-262).
o tled e olim n and ernande A AR u g .S u , S. F s, . . R., 2018.
T e mediation e ect o c tomer ati action in t eh ff f us s sf h
relation ip et een er ice alit er icesh b w s v qu y, s v
orientation and mar etin mi trate to c tomer, k g x s gy us
lo alt y y.
o rnal o Mana ement e elopment
J u f g D v .

PPT

This is very significant for an organisation to analyse the impact of the factors that are involved in external and internal environment
influencing business operations. In order to demonstrate such aspect, Tesco is taken into consideration which is a UK-based retail
organisation engaged in dealing grocery products to its potential customers within marketplace.

Strengths
 Strong Market Share: Tesco has a largest market share as the organisation conducts market research before producing
products and services for understanding customer taste and preferences. It helps in capturing and more and more customer-
base within the marketplace.
Weaknesses
Food safety issues: Given the scope of food products, Tesco sells fault in reference to food safety as it contains milk which is not
mentioned on the label (Duque-Grisales and Aguilera-Caracuel, 2021). This means product is possible health risk for anyone with an
allergy to milk or its constituents.

Opportunities
Growth of online grocery sale: Remedies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 prevents people from stepping out as much as they
used to. It leads to buy groceries online and results in online sale which becomes another great opportunity for Tesco to enhance its
business at online stores.
Threats
Controversy: Sometimes Tesco has to face controversy while marketing its products in the market and there were negative impacts
also as has delayed paying money knowingly to suppliers in order to improve its own financial position.

Economic factors: Such factors include inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate, unemployment rate, etc. Due to pandemic situation
of COVID-19, there was economic lockdown within UK that led to shutting down of business organisations. This has bring adverse
impact on Tesco as there was reduction in sales operations of company which minimised profitability level.
Social factors: These factors cover taste and preferences, expectations, lifestyle of customers, traditions and culture. Because of the
pandemic situation of COVID-19, the taste and preferences of the customers within the markets of UK has been changed. They
became more health conscious and want healthy products as well as services from organisations (Purwanto, 2020). Tesco conducts
market research for understanding their customers perceptions and introducing healthy products and services for them. This brings
positive impact on business operations of the company and enhanced its brand identity within marketplace.

Legal factors: The legislative system of UK has framed certain laws and legislations such as Employment Law, Consumer Protection
Act, etc. Tesco adheres all such laws and legislations and working in an ethical environment that brings favourable influence on the
brand identity within the marketplace.
Environmental factors: These factors include climate, pollution, temperature, CSR and environmental laws that are impacting
business performance (Svensson and et.al., 2018). Tesco considers all such factors and uses electric vehicles for delivering its products
door-to-door that emit less pollution to environment. It brings positive impact on the business operations of the company and also
enhanced organisational performance within the marketplace.

In order to overcome adverse impact of such factors, the company has been required to take corrective actions and frame strategic
decisions that improve overall business performance.

 Duque-Grisales, E. and Aguilera-Caracuel, J., 2021. Environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores and financial
performance of multilatinas: Moderating effects of geographic international diversification and financial slack. Journal of
Business Ethics, 168(2), pp.315-334.
 Fernando, Y., Jabbour, C. J. C. and Wah, W. X., 2019. Pursuing green growth in technology firms through the connections
between environmental innovation and sustainable business performance: does service capability matter?. Resources,
Conservation and Recycling, 141, pp.8-20.
 Purwanto, A., 2020. Does Quality, Safety, Environment and Food Safety Management SystemInfluence Business
Performance? Answersfrom Indonesian Packaging Industries. International Journal of Control and Automation, 13(1), pp.22-
35.
 Svensson and et.al., 2018. Framing the triple bottom line approach: Direct and mediation effects between economic, social and
environmental elements. Journal of cleaner production, 197, pp.972-991.

Assignment Template for IBS on HR Case Study
Introduction
This report is basically based on the case study on concept of HR. The department of HR plays a major role within an
organization as it is accountable for all the things that are associated with human resources of the workplace. This case study report
will include different perspectives of HR such as motivation, etc (Al-Musadieq and et.al., 2018). In order to demonstrate various
aspects of this case study, Warner Leisure Hotels is taken into account which is a UK-based hospitality organization. This report will
cover multiple prospects such as theories of motivation, background of the company, concept of motivation within Warner Leisure,
etc.
Motivation Theories
The process of motivation is concerned with stimulating, inspiring and persuading human resources of an organization so that
they can do harder work towards attainment of business goals and objectives. There are different theories of motivation that can be
used by Warner Leisure Hotels for motivating its human resources and these motivational theories are explained as below:
Maslow’s Theory of Needs:
This kind of motivational theory was introduced by Abraham Maslow in the year 1943 and consists of five key stages of the
human needs that are shown within a pyramid in an hierarchical order (Kim and Torneo, 2021). The major goal of this theory implies
that basic requirements of human resources must be satisfied first before other advanced needs within a hierarchy. The five stages of
this motivational theory are described as under:
 Physiological needs: It includes basic needs like food, shelter, clothing which are crucial for human survival. Organization
should fulfill such needs of its human resources so that they remain motivated towards accomplishment of organizational
objectives.

 Security and Safety needs: Such needs state safety and security of human resources of an organization and include health as
well as wealth, financial security, safety against accident and injury, etc. Through providing these needs, a company can
motivate its human resources towards meeting business goals.
 Social/belonging needs: These needs are in the form of social groups, friendships, family and many more that covers feeling
of affection. Company fulfill these needs of its manpower and can maintain interpersonal relations among them so that they
feel motivated in performing better.
 Self-esteem/ Egoistic needs: It involve dignity, independence, status, achievement, etc. that should be provided by company
to its employees for maintaining their reputation and status in front of others for feeling them motivated (Kooij and Van den
Broeck, 2022). Self-actualisation needs: It covers peak experiences, personal growth, skills development, etc. that should be given by an
organization to its workforce for their overall development which will help them in achieving organizational targets
successfully.
Herzberg’s two Factor Theories:
This is another motivational theory that states two main job factors that are adjusted by an organisation for influencing
motivation within workplace towards attainment of its objectives. These two factors are discussed as follows:
 Hygiene factors: Such factors not encourage organisational human resources to work hard but their absence lead to make
them unmotivated. These factors include administrative policies, physical working conditions, job security, fringe benefits,
interpersonal relations, pay, etc. These factors not encourage job satisfaction among employees but helps in securing job
dissatisfaction.

 Motivational factors: These factors determine favourable as well as unfavourable experiences of manpower and assists in
extending the satisfaction and productivity of entire workforce (Kundu and Gahlawat, 2018). Some examples of motivational
factors are growth and promotional opportunities, meaningful work, sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, etc.
Case Study of Selected Company:
Warner Leisure Hotels is founded in the year 1932 within hospitality industry and is owing 14 nations as well as coastal
properties around the UK. The respective organization is headquartered in Hemel Hempstead, United Kingdom. Since the year 1994,
the hotels of this hospitality organization have been adult-only. The brainchild of Captain Harry Warner back in the year 1932 and has
established into a UK-based holiday group which is specialized within the short breaks exclusively for adults.
Motivation in Warner Leisure:
Warner Leisure Hotels motivates its human resources through making use of effective and strategic approaches that inspire
them to work harder towards attainment of the organizational objectives as well as set goals. There are different motivational
approaches such extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivational strategies that are used the respective hospitality organization and
some of these are explained as below in relation to Warner Leisure Hotels:
 Sharing positive feedback: It is one of the key job satisfaction factor that motivate the human resources of Warner Leisure
Hotels so that they can do harder work towards the accomplishment of organizational objectives (Lin, Li and Lam, 2020). The
managers of company should share all positive as well as encourage their feedbacks during the meeting that are conducted
within the workplace.
 Offering rewards to employees: It is another motivational approach that can be used by Warner Leisure Hotels for
motivating its employees for achieving the targets of the company in an effective and efficient manner. The organization can

offer private healthcare, financial incentives and non-financial incentives to its employees so that they can feel motivated and
give their best performance.
 Offering flexibility in working: This is another motivational approach that can be used by Warner Leisure Hotels in order to
motivate or stimulate the human resources of the workplace for accomplishing business goals. Employees enjoy flexible
working hours and hence it becomes vital for the respective company for staying a competitive player. Thus, it becomes a great
opportunity for the organization to offer work from home or other multiple scheduling alternatives in case of capturing top
talented employees.
 Recognizing their achievements: Sometimes human resources of an organisation want some sort of recognition for a job well
done. In case if the manpower of the company has been putting within a lot of time working on a project or they want out of
their way in order to facilitate their colleagues, then organization should praise them. Warner Leisure Hotels can conduct
rewards and recognition programmes that will help it in enhancing employee retention, better customer service and increasing
productivity of the company as a whole.
Conclusion
From the above explanation of the report, it has been concluded that HR within an organization plays a major role in the
process of motivating the manpower within the workplace so that they can do harder work towards achievement of the organizational
aspirations. This report has been covered different theories of the motivation that can be used by a company for inspiring the
employees that enhances the productivity of the workplace as a whole. This report has also been included different motivational
approaches that are used to motivate employees within workplace.

References
Al-Musadieq and et.al., 2018. The mediating effect of work motivation on the influence of job design and organizational culture
against HR performance. Journal of Management Development.
Kim, M. Y. and Torneo, A., 2021. The roles of strategic human resource management and person–environment fit on nonprofit public
service motivation. Public Integrity. 23(1). pp.33-51.
Kooij, D. and Van den Broeck, A., 2022. Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Work Motivation in Human Resource
Management. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management.
Kundu, S. C. and Gahlawat, N., 2018. Ability–motivation–opportunity enhancing human resource practices and firm performance:
Evidence from India. Journal of Management & Organization. 24(5). pp.730-747.
Lin, C., Li, X. and Lam, L. W., 2020. Development or maintenance? Dual‐oriented human resource system, employee achievement
motivation, and work well‐being. Human Resource Management. 59(4). pp.311-325.

Assignment Template for IBS on Financial Report
Introduction
Financial report is a set of documents that state financial situation of an organisation at the end of a financial year. It is a
comprehensive review of monthly, quarterly or annually financial data for driving better performance as well as results of a business
(Chernov, 2020). This financial report is based on different aspects and for demonstrating such aspects Unilever Plc is taken into
consideration which is a UK-based organization. This report covers concept of finance and financial management along with functions
of financial manager. Moreover, there will be description on short-term as well as long-term sources of finance to an organization.
What is Finance and Finance Management?
Finance refers to provide credit or money for something and is a process of increasing funds or capital within business that
helps in channeling several funds in the form of loans, credits or invested capital. Within Unilever Plc, it is a functional process that
facilitate in meeting organizational aspirations with responsibilities for developing and managing funds (Lopez and Alcaide, 2020).
Financial management is a process of planning, organizing, directing as well as controlling financial operations like effective
procurement and utilization of organizational funds. It helps managers of Unilever Plc in financial planning and acquiring funds from
multiple sources along with investing an appropriate amount of funds.
Functions of a Finance Manager
A Finance Manager is a professional who is accountable for the financial position of an organization and create appropriate
data analysis as well as advise superior management on ideas related to profit maximization for ensuring long-term growth and
success of business. There are multiple functions of a finance manager within Unilever Plc and some of these functions are discussed
as follows in relation to the respective company:

 Estimating amount of capital required: This is the foremost function of financial manager and Unilever Plc require capital
for buying fixes assets, accomplishing working capital requirements and modernizing as well as expanding its business.
Finance manager within company makes estimates of finances needed for both short-term and long-term period.
 Ascertaining capital structure: Once the necessity of capital funds has been ascertained, finance manager within Unilever
Plc takes decision about type and proportion of different financial sources (Osipov, Ziyatdinova and Girfanova, 2018). For
this, finance manager of company has to ascertain effective mix of debt and equity as well as short-term and long-term debt
ratio for attaining minimum capital cost and maximize shareholder's wealth.
 Choice of sources of funds: Before actual procurement of funds, finance manager of Unilever Plc decide sources from which
the funds are to be enhanced. Finance manager of company can raise funds from different sources such as preference and
equity shareholders, banks and other financial institutions.
 Procurement of funds: Finance Manager of Unilever Plc takes steps for procurement of funds needed for organization and
might need negotiation with financial institutions, creditors, prospectus issue, etc (Riinawati, 2022). Finance procurement
relies not only on cost of increasing finances but also on other factors such as choice of investors, general market conditions,
government policy and many more.
 Management of cash: Finance Manager within Unilever Plc manage cash inflows and outflows as well as other current assets
for ensuring neither any shortage nor surplus of cash with company.
Sources of Finance
Sources of Finance is said to be the process from where an organization gets money in order to fund its different financial
activities. Company needs different financial sources for starting up an organization and running business effectively and smoothly. In

context to Unilever Plc, the company can gets funds from either external or internal sources. There are short-term and long-term
sources of finance which are discussed as under:
Short-Term Finance
Short-Term Finance is defined as financial requirements for a small period usually less than a year and is also known as
working capital financing. This kind of financing is needed within Unilever Plc due to uneven cash flow into business, its seasonal
patterns, etc. There are different short-term financial sources and some of these are explained as below:
 Commercial Bank Loans: These appear on Balance Sheet a Notes Payable and are in significance to trade credit as a short-
term financing. As organization's financing requirements grow, banks are called upon for offering extra funds.
 Trade Credit: Unilever Plc customarily purchase its materials and supplies on credit from other companies, keeping debt as
an account payable (Shapiro and Hanouna, 2019). Such trade credit is normally stated with a discount for prompt payment and
is generally referred to the largest single category of short-term credit.
 Commercial Paper: It is another short-term financial source that includes well-developed promissory notes of organization to
other businesses, pension funds, insurance companies and banks. Commercial paper is issued for period of two to six months
and their rates are varied but are slightly below the rates paid on prime business loans.
Long-Term Finance
These financial sources said to be any kind of financial instrument with maturity exceeding over a year and provides more
flexibility as well as resources for financing different capital requirements and reducing reliability on any single capital source. Some
common long-term financial sources are explained as follows:

 Equity and Preference Capital: Equity capital shows interest-free perpetual capital of organization that is raised by private or
public investors. Preference capital is a part of company's new worth and enhances credit worthiness as well as improves its
leverage in comparison to competitors.
 Banks and other financial institutions: Banks have mostly secured loans against collateral security offered by company in
form of machinery, land and building, other fixed assets, etc. Banks are flexible source of finance that provide funds for
meeting long-term requirements of company.
Conclusion
From above explanation of report, it has been concluded that managing finance is essential in the process of making
organizational decisions as a business require to make money for continuing its operations. Financial report plays a key role within
business in ascertaining its financial position. Financial management helps an organization in effectively acquiring and managing
funds for its successful working. There have been several functions of finance manager that has contributed to growth and success of
company. Different sources of funds like short-term as well as long-term sources facilitated an organization in meeting its business
expenses and improving its financial performance.

References
Chernov, V. A., 2020. Implementation of digital technologies in financial management. Ekonomika Regiona= Economy of Regions,
(1), p.283.
Lopez, B. S. and Alcaide, A. V., 2020. Blockchain, AI and IoT to improve governance, financial management and control of crisis:
Case Study COVID-19.
Osipov, P., Ziyatdinova, J. and Girfanova, E., 2018, September. Factors and barriers in training financial management professionals.
In International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (pp. 167-175). Springer, Cham.
Riinawati, R., 2022. Financial Management at Muhammadiyah Educational Institutions in Banjarmasin. Budapest International
Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(1).
Shapiro, A. C. and Hanouna, P., 2019. Multinational financial management. John Wiley & Sons.