Project Life Cycle and Methodologies for Cadbury's Onsite Catering Services

This report discusses the stages of Project Life Cycle (PLC) and methodologies used by Cadbury for their onsite catering services. It includes an analysis of the effectiveness of PLC and explores recommendations for improvements. The report also covers the impact of the project, stakeholders involved, and budget estimation. The methodologies discussed include Six Sigma, Lean, and Business Process Redesign. The report concludes with a critical evaluation of the effectiveness of PLC using appropriate theories, models, and concepts.

Operations and project
management

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................2
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your selected project, including
supporting documentation for each stage...............................................................................2
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used...........................................................7
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in application to given project
using appropriate theories, models and concepts...................................................................8
Application of project life-cycle and changes for small and large projects.........................11
Evaluation of PLC through practical and theoretical exploration of its effectiveness and
recommendations for improvements....................................................................................13
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
1

INTRODUCTION
Project Life cycle is referred as the procedure start mainly includes 4 stages that are
initiation, planning, execution and completion. All these phases of project life cycle helps
companies in completing their projects in smooth and efficient manner from the start two finish.
Every stage has its own time according to which companies have to finish there activities in
order to fulfil desires goal. Companies conduct their business operations in several phases such
as beginning level, middle level and completion level (Daniel and Daniel, 2018). Execution of
project activities happens in middle states in order to acquire desired objectives in the provided
time period. For the purpose of this report the chosen organization is Cadbury which is a UK
based company and considered as second largest confectionery brand over the whole world. The
organization was established in the year 1824 at Birmingham. The discussed case study in the
report involves various risks and problems experienced by Cadbury while providing onsite
catering services.
Overview of the case study-
The provided case study is about an organization established in Midland and found with
the purpose of acquiring define goals and objectives along with assisting workers by improving
their work life balance. The main purpose of the companies to minimise congestion from general
areas of business during the lunch time. With the purpose of serving healthy diet to workers
working in the company the Cadbury launched an on site catering facilities within premises of
the firm. The respective projects consists of several effective approaches which was
implemented by the company in order to ensure high efficiency and productivity among
employees at their workplace. In depth analysis of methods implemented has also been provided
so that efficiency of project execution could be checked. This allows company to perform their
operations effectively In the particular time period with high efficiency.
MAIN BODY
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your selected project, including
supporting documentation for each stage
In a project life cycle there are several stages that allow companies to finish there desirable
projects in productive and efficient manner along with providing them growth as well as assist
them in achieving (Petrillo and et. Al., 2021). In context of Cadbury, its managers executed
several stages of project life cycle show that employees of the organization could enhance their
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productivity. Through implementing these levels the company ensures that task of define
projects could be accomplished in the provided time period with given resources.
Project initiation: This is the first stage of project life cycle under which companies
introduce their new project in the market which states that it is the starting face off a project. In
case of selected company, it could explored various market opportunities by implementing
innovative products for customers. Senior authorities of the company decide what will be the
objective of this project which is related to onsite catering services for employees. The manager
of the respective organisation is responsible for supervising overall progress and activities of the
project so that they could avoid any further possibility of failure.
Business case
• Background- For the organization based in Midland island Cadbury evaluated the issue
and came up with multiple solutions in order to provide healthy diets to the employees
working there during recess time. It provided opportunity to the company to resolve
issues related to non healthy eating and absence of employees after the lunch hour. There
are several project approaches which are implemented that assist to maintain efficient
working environment within company. These approaches assist managers of the
organization to make sure that all the available resources are being utilised along with
maintaining quality of operations related to business.
• Goals: The main purpose of the facility provided by Cadbury company which is on site
catering service is to achieve CSR objectives along with decreasing movement of
employees from the premises of company (Essila, 2019). It also assist them in protecting
employees from any hazardous issues.
• Impact: This project execution by the Cadbury organization facilitate employees a
satisfaction within organization which results in less turnover and more loyalty towards
company. This project will also assist company in decreasing possibilities of accidents
while working that can impact workplace environment for employees.
• Stakeholders: There are several shareholders who are involved with this project so that
they could supervise progress of project and ensure that it is being completed on time
with success. These shareholders include many people such as suppliers, workers,
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managers, owners and many more who are responsible for providing desired services
related to project.
• Scope: This is the most important factor which required to be evaluate in order to finish
define project With success on time(Santos and Frederico, 2018). In case of Cadbury
organization its managers evaluate likes and dislikes of workers related to food
commodities so that they could provide services according to their needs. This will assist
the company in meeting demands of employees which could satisfy them and ensures
their presence in the organisation for long period of time.
• Budget: This factor is defined as capital or monetary estimation which are required to
complete the project in effective manner. This is related to the financial needs of the
project that is required to be fulfilled in order to complete project successfully.
• Milestone: In case of Cadbury, the milestone is to promote healthy diet among employees
along with reducing congestion outside the area of organisation.
• Project approval: This is very essential factor which needs to be considered while
execution of a project. This include approval from higher authorities in the company so
that the desired project could be started.
Project planning: Project planning is the second stage switch covers several information related
to desirable task of the project which is represented by managers. In case of the selected
company, it's managers focus on planning strategies which should be implemented in the project
in order to maintain effectiveness and accomplishing final objective in systematic manner. The
effective planning that the organization create includes workers, resources and time. Project
planning is defined as the procedure of outlining activities and resources which are required for
the completion of the project in the provided time frame (Dewa, Van Der Merwe and Matope,
2018).
Work flow document
Gantt Chart
Gantt chart is referred as project management methodology that involves several actions which
are executed by manager for the purpose of project completion. It makes so that define
operations are being implemented effectively in the provided time frame. There are several tasks
which are presented in the Gantt chart as per according to timeline. In case of Cadbury
organization, Gantt chart is presented below:
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5

Gathering Resource: There are several materials which are needed to finish this project
in the provided time period which include financial resources that are required to complete
activities of project in effective manner(Rowe, 2020). Catering supplier have to make sure that
continuous supply of catering facilities are being provided at on-site premises of the company.
The main aim of Cadbury is to provide quality and healthy food services to employees by several
modes of organisational transportation.
Estimated Budget
Particulars Calculation Amount
Sales £50*200 £10000
Less: variable cost £3*200 £600
Contribution Sales-variable cost £9400
Less: fixed cost £1500
Less: estimated cost of sales £10*200 £2000
Net profit £5900
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Project execution: This is the third stage where implementation of plant strategies are being
made by the organization. It is execution of important approaches that are chosen in selected
company which represent towards the Removal of maximum efficiency irrespective of work
being manufactured by corporate organization. In case of selected company which is located in
Midlands and is also facing issues related to onsite catering facilities at the premises of
organization.
Project closure: It is related to the project planning of the project life cycle which is important
as various stages are taken into consideration that are associated with efforts of team members in
the selected organization. Members of the team are working co-ordinately in the suitable
workplace environment plays an essential role as it helps managers of the respective company in
completing project successfully and efficiently without any issues (Asef-Vaziri and Moghaddam,
2021).
In context to the provided case study the issue is related to onsite catering services for the
employees. The managers of Cadbury organization needs to create better standers in operational
company by implementing abovementioned stages of project life cycle. Being in that place of
project end program the officer represent issues which are offered as well as concern to on site
catering facilities that comes under accountability of respective unit.
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used
Several approaches are being implemented in the project so that the issue faced by the company
based in Midlands would be resolved which are related to the on site catering facilities along
with creating better opportunities for provided corporate so that they could function effectively.
For this purpose managers present at site required to utilise such approaches in order to game
profit from low production cost and quality of production could be improved (Thrope and Heinz,
2019). Furthermore, these approaches could be useful for the company in order to gain
competitive advantage along with enhancing market presence.
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Description
Six Sigma This method is useful to create effective potential of the organization
associated with customer satisfaction, value of employees at increment of
bottom line. Under this, the main purpose for realisation of effectivity result to
utilise this method could be associated with activities of the organization
towards taking right Decision in the project.
Lean
manufacturing
This approach is being implemented by the manager for the desired project is
to ensure proper delivery of commodities in various markets that have to
associated with several business manufacture standards. For this procedure,
the effort over utilization of suitable tools and techniques are taken into
consideration for this project. This helps in eliminating operational cost as
well as ensure proper utilization of provided resources for the project.
Business
process
redesign
This procedure helps in improving efficiency of selected company by
examining suitable standards according to exterior environment of business
under which functions of the company is being covered. By implementing
this approach managers of respective organization could promote effectiveness
of resources related to business start quote contribute in betterment and
productivity of firm.
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in application to given project using
appropriate theories, models and concepts
In the current situation there are several operation which are being analyse by the management
irrespective organization. Managers of the company implemented various methodologies through
executing project management theories. This assist organization in increasing its actions with
respect to several business functions. It contacts to selected organization, the project
management theories are being explained below with explanation
 Inbound logistics: the provided model at initial phase in the given operational
management process associated with project Life cycle within the Cadbury.
Management authority of the respective organisation has been provided with benefits
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through executing such strategies and techniques because they are able to develop
standard at workplace environment of the firm(Reid and Sanders, 2019).
Strengths: The selected organisation could create effective standard of working by investing
more in resources along with organising interior affairs in the given operational company.
Hence, by executing these approaches, management department of the respective firm would be
able to develop better working in teams among employees at on-site.
Limitations: The given process of inbound logistics include regular supervision of operations
which leaf to acquisition of great operational costs. Therefore, this process would prove to be
vey cost effective for the respective organisation that could result into drawbacks.
 Operations: This factor of the respective organisation include consumer focused
services that could be executed by the effective operational management approaches.
This given management authority of the respective organisation an opportunity to
develop good brand image among customers as well as market along with enhancing
exceptional market presence by delivering better commodities facilities. Therefore, In
case of the selected organisation, its manager could develop better standard of working
approach by executing more flexibility in business operations so that better results
would be achieved.
Strengths: The respective company contains various outlets that are being operated at several
countries worldwide, therefore implementing so many applications and techniques of operational
management would assist the organisation in making effective working style.
Limitation: Operational management pervade related performance form people considered as
resource who works in respective organisation. But several approaches of operational
management might not provide expected effectiveness in the business environment.
 Outbound logistics: The third phase of project life cycle is defined as that level under
which coordinative approaches are being taken into consideration. The main problem
that respective organisation is experiencing in the current situation of COVID-19
pandemic is providing quality on-site food services for (Vytlačil, 2018). This is the main
threat which the respective organisation could experience. The project Life cycle
approaches could be used to improve productivity of employees. In case of Cadbury, the
organisation had provided exceptional customer service which has helped it in making
better image among consumers and market.
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Strengths: Seek to represent scenario of market related to respective company with implication
off outbound logistics that could assist in creating exceptional working environment. The better
usage of resources quotes helps in boosting productivity of company.
Limitation: This is a phase where diverse personalities of employees encounter with each other
which could results in misunderstandings in conflicts with an organization. These disputes could
result in misbehaving of employees with one another and try to execute their opinion on other.
Project life cycle is very essential for gaining growth along with achieving desired targets. It is
very broad project level, in this scenario essential projects and techniques are being utilised
search is waterfall model. This model is implemented in order to determine phases of project life
cycle from beginning to completion. The main purpose of completing task of this project
accountability of monitoring activities are being assigned to project officer. The main
responsibilities of project officer appointed in Cadbury organization are being mentioned below:
 Requirement: This stage consist of requirements related to various resources that
include workforce, capital, technologies and many other factors that are needed to
implement the project. 6 Sigma method is very important for respective organization as
it assist in decreasing wastage of resources along with achieving production. The
Implementation of six Sigma approach in the first level assist in enhancing possibility of
rigidity because the approach which is being applied in the project is also Rigid.
 Design: This stage shows the creation of structure that assist in completion of project in
successful and effective manner. This is considered as planning stage of project Life
cycle that organisation must utilise its techniques in production which could minimize
wastage of resources and managers must select democratic leadership style. At this
phase planning is needed to be precise and accurate that could result in successful
completion of project.
 Development: This stage shows development of project and how it has been executed.
The chosen organization want to execute project it is required to implement TQM
approach that mainly paid attention on the quality of project (Romprasert, 2019). The
company needs to implement democratic leadership style in order to provide employees
flexible working environment and they could be able to get every information about the
project in clear and precise manner. Project manager is responsible to evaluate that
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weather resources are efficient or not so that project could be completed successfully.
For this purpose, the company needs to adopt operational management that could assist
in reducing resource wastage and manufacture quality commodities that could help in
minimising manufacturing cost of production.
 Maintenance: At this stage of the model managers of the respective organization are
countable for taking right Decision and must evaluate project along with taking
measures to maintain activities related to the project (Tsotetsi and Mugova, 2018). This
method is suitable to deal with challenges and uncertainties that project could
experience while it’s execution.
Application of project life-cycle and changes for small and large projects
Project life cycle is described as an approach of technique that is executed by organization in
order to maintain and organise effectivity as well as productivity when they are operating
business in the market. In context of the selected company, working of the project was
completely dedicated on developing effective methods due to which several problems raised
because of movement Of employees during the time of lunch yes there were no onsite catering
facilities are available. During the project planning stage, managers of the selected organization
implement approaches that are being utilised for manufacturing effective working style in the
firm. The provided phase helps in improving ethics of employees in the provided organization
that develops competence of together working associated with employees in resources, catering
suppliers would be appointed in order to deliver regular stock of catering facilities for workers
during the lunch hour in the onsite premises of the company (Awange, 2021). The main aim of
the companies to provide quality and healthy food for the employees. Furthermore, project
execution stage consist of various action that are deliberated in the previous level which are
being taken into consideration in current scenario. During the final stage which is project closure,
managers of the Cadbury organization develop better standards in operational company through
accepting overall stages of project life cycle. Being in the position of project manager it is very
vital to reflect on the problems that comes during one side catering facilities.
Methodology Small-Scale Projects Large-scale Projects
Total Quality
Management
 The implementation of this
method in small level is
 This method must be
implemented in order to
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mainly related to quality of
food.
maintain the quality of
project. The respective
organisation should
implement TQM in very
effective manner under
which every phase must
be evaluated so that
quality facilities should
be provided to employees
successfully.
Six Sigma  implementation of six Sigma
approach in order to organise
the policies for employees
who are included in this
project to progress their
performance. This requires a
minimum amount and
evaluation of present values
along with goals that could
expand the performance
(Shimonski, 2021).
 When this technique is
implemented on the large
scale projects than the
safety and health of
employees are being
taken into consideration.
Lean
Principles
 Implementation of this
method at very small level is
simply defined as analysing
the performance. Managers
 In context of large scale
projects, companies must
implement this method in
the progress of
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of the respective company
are required to establish
criteria according to which
performance could be
evaluated.
confirming the minimum
resource wastage and
enhancing whole quality
of the project.
Evaluation of PLC through practical and theoretical exploration of its effectiveness and
recommendations for improvements
Project life cycle as described as method that are executed by project manager sudart effective
regulations could be taken in order to initiate project throughout the life cycle. There are various
methods by which effectiveness could be accomplished that are mentioned below with
explanation:
Clarity of project objectives: project life cycle helps in providing clear vision towards goal that is
very important in order to avoid further wastage of resources(de Boer and Andersen, 2019).
Guidance of project activities: Effective direction is given in context of developing operative
project tasks or events.
Result focus: The final focus could be dedicated towards results of the project.
Conclusion
From the above report it has been evaluated that several stages of project life cycle are being
illustrate that plays very important role in organization towards completion of project
successfully and effectively. The overall contribution of project life cycle could be regarded as
development of operational strategies towards the effective working of provided organizational
task of form. Furthermore, the effective presentation of various project approaches also helps in
reflecting continuous improvement of plan. It has also been evaluated from the above discussion
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that various methods and techniques helps in successful and effective completion of the project.
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