Operations and Project Management: A Case Study of Cadbury

This report discusses the project life cycle and methodologies used in Cadbury's on-site catering service project. It explains each stage of the PLC, analyzes project methodologies and tools used, and evaluates the effectiveness of the PLC using appropriate theories and models. The report also includes a review of the case study, project planning, execution, and closure. Subject: Operations and Project Management, Course Code: Unknown, Course Name: Unknown, College/University: Unknown.

Operations and project
management

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................3
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your selected project, including
supporting documentation for each stage...............................................................................3
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used...........................................................8
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in application to given project
using appropriate theories, models and concepts.................................................................10
Application of project life-cycle and changes for small and large projects.........................12
Evaluation of PLC through practical and theoretical exploration of its effectiveness and
recommendations for improvements....................................................................................14
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
1

INTRODUCTION
Project life cycle is considered to be the technique which consists of several levels which are
initiation, implementation, closer as well as planning. Every of these mentioned levels are
combined together in order to offer the way to conduct several task of the project in the effective
as well as efficient way from the starting through the last point of it. In addition to it every of
these levels have specific period of time in which the company required to attain the practices in
accordance to meet the long term objectives as well as goals off the project. Commercial
business functions their operation in the several levels from beginning level to the end level in
which middle level is known to be the phase in which work of the project is implemented in
accordance to accomplish the objectives as well as goals in the given deadline. The following
report is based on the organization Cadbury which is one of the largest confectionery
organization across the globe. Moreover to this, the company is basically operated by Mondelez
International currently as well as early it was known to be Cadbury. The respective mentioned
company he was founded at bringing gum in the year 1824. Furthermore the following report
will cover about the case study that involves several issues as well as problems that are
encountered by the Cadbury in the implementation of offering services of online catering to their
users.
Overview of the case study-
The current case study is about the organization which works in manufacturing that is known as
the the organization introduced with the purpose of accomplishing there commercial goes as well
as object is and assist their workers by enhancing as well as bettering their standard of living.
The main goal of the company is to lower the overcrowding from the common places of the
commercial enterprise at the time of the break or the lunchtime. It has also been mentioned that
the company launched the on site project of Catering service with the aim of offering the workers
with the healthy as well as tasty food items in the premises of the company as well as accomplish
several goals also with that. There are several methodologies which are effective and it is linked
to the respective project and also it is opted by the company which assures more effectiveness as
well as increased efficiency of the workforce in the company. In addition to it there are in depth
research as well as techniques which are opted by the company in accordance to monitor the
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efficiency of the implementation of the project and this also supports the commercial business in
order to work more determinedly with having more effectiveness and efficiency.
Main Body
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your selected project, including
supporting documentation for each stage
Project life cycle having the process which involves several levels that supports the company in
accordance to attain there predefined Task of the project in the effective way as well as it moves
the commercial business towards success and accomplishment of its goals. There are several
phases which are opted by the associates of the respective organization in accordance to attain
more better performance from their workforce as well as increasing there productivity for long
period of time. Also by adopting these phases respective organization can assure that specific
task of the project achieved on given time period within the limited resources the organization
had. This also supports the company in order to pay more emphasis on all and every work in the
effective as well as efficient way.
Project initiation: This is the first stage of the project life cycle which is known as the
phrase in which the company introduces the latest project task in their market share which
commonly means to the starting level of introducing the project in the market. Respective
company access many opportunities of the market which they can accomplish by introducing
creative as well as new goods in their share of market. Associates on the company Cadbury and
objectives of posting new project which is on site catering service which will be helpful for the
workers.
Business case
 Background-. Respective organization Cadbury determines the difficulties as well as
challenges and give several print solution in order to offer more food items which are
healthy to their workers on their time of break and lunch. IT support the organization in
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solving the difficulties which are associated to the minimising the overcrowding as well
as healthy eating of the workers in the surrounding of the company. In addition to it
there are several methodologies of the project which are introduced that supports in
maintaining the efficient as well as effective environment of the operations of
organization. These such methodologies Provide assistance to the associates of the
company in order to assure the suitable usage of the resources and also managing the
high quality of the operations of the business. (Arasteh, 2020)
 Goals: The main aim as well as goal of new project which is on site catering of the
company Cadbury is to attain their corporate social responsibility goals and also
minimises the wastage of time of their working members in the company. This also
provides support to the company in order to secure them from any type of dangerous
effects.
 Impact: The new project of on site catering service offers enhanced level of satisfaction
to the workers from the company and it helps the organization in retaining the workers
with the company for long time. This assist the company in minimising the possibilities
of several unwanted accidents on the premises of the company which can influence the
mindset of the workers negatively.
 Stakeholders: There are many stakeholders that are link to the company in accordance to
accomplish the project of the business with more efficiency as well as effectiveness.
These stakeholders can be top level management of the company, associates, caterers,
shapes that supply the items of the food to the workers at the time of their break or the
lunchtime.
 Scope: Scope is known to be one of the most crucial element which have the major value
in order to attain the specific goals of the project on the given time. Leaders of the
organization Cadbury determines dislikes and also the likes of their workers in terms of
the choices of the food and offer them in accordance to their choices in order to satisfy
their preferences and taste
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 Budget: This is considered to be anticipated projection of the finances of the company
that provide assistance to the organization in order to accomplish their functions of the
project in the effective and also in the efficient way.
 Milestone: The main milestone of the organization Cadbury is to facilitate appropriate
eating of their workers and also minimises the congestion of the workers by outside the
location of the organization outside the location of the organization. Project approval: This is most crucial for the company in accordance to get agreement
and approval from the higher level management of the company in order to implement
the working of the project.
Project planning: This is the next level of the project life cycle which is known as project
planning as it involves several data and information about the task of the project which is shown
in the efficient as well as effective way. In this phase of planning it is very crucial for the
Midlands such as Cadbury to do. Associates of the company Cadbury focuses on this stage of
planning which increases their entire efficiency and effectiveness of the specific project and
provide more assistance in accomplishing their long term objectives in the suitable manner. In
addition to IT company focuses on more efficient planning in terms of their workers, time and
resources as well. Line of project is the technique of focusing on the practices as well as
dependency which are accomplished in the given time. (Pace, 2019)
Work flow document
Gantt Chart
It is one of the most tool of project management which involves several elements that are
conducted by that team of the company is known as the gantt chart. This gantt chart assures that
specific functions are done in the specific period of time. There are several work which are
shown in this specific chart in a forest or their timeline of attainment of the activity. This specific
chart of the respective organization category is described below in brief.
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6

Gathering Resource: There are several things which are needed to utilised in order to
complete the specific project on given period of time which are resources of finance that are
necessary in order to accomplish the goals off the respective work in the effective way. Suppliers
of the on site catering service make sure that consistent availability of the food as well as
appropriate supply of their services start given. Also the plan of the organization is to give
services related to the food as well as offering the healthy products to their consumers by several
ways of transportation towards the company.
Estimated Budget
Particulars Calculation Amount
Sales £50*200 £10000
Less: variable cost £3*200 £600
Contribution Sales-variable cost £9400
Less: fixed cost £1500
Less: estimated cost of sales £10*200 £2000
Net profit £5900
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Project execution: This stage the second stage of the project life cycle which is associated with
the implementation of the specific project effectively that is being adopted by the organization.
(Harrak, and Lababidi, 2020) This is the involvement of the various crucial strategies which are
adopted by the specific organization Cadbury that represents the enhance the usage of the
resources efficiently as well as offering the more effective results. In context to the give an
organization Cadbury that is paged in the Midlands as well as also company suffering from the
various difficulties that are associated to the project of on site caterings that are being
encountered add the premises of the organization.
Project closure: This is associated with the planning of the project that is very essential as the
various phases taken into the consideration by the organization that is linked with the efforts of
the group that are working in the company combinedly. The working of the team is appropriate
level that has very crucial part in understanding the activities of the project as in the inclusion of
it and also this is very important for the managers of the project in order to lay off the task of the
project or complete the specific task on the effective as well as efficient manner (Stelwagen,
2020). So in accordance to this context in which the issue which is associated to the service of on
site catering and as the manager of the organization like Cadbury focuses to make more
appropriate standards in their functional organization by efficient adaptation of these respective
phases of the project life cycle. So being in this place of the program and project manager of the
company shows the problem that is being encountered as well as concerned to the services of on
site catering that basically is in the obligation of the department which is authorized of the
company.
.
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used
Broad range of the methods of the project which are utilised in the specific project in accordance
to resolve the problems as well as difficulties which are encountered with the project of
providing on site catering services as well as also focuses to make more potential of possibilities
for the company in order to operate as well as work in the more efficient and effective way. In
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order to do this the associates of the company focus is to utilise several methodologies in context
of attaining more advantages of minimum manufacturing costs as well as top quality of the
products which can be attained conveniently. On the other hand these mentioned methodologies
can be helpful in terms of attaining the edge over the competitors of the company as appropriate
structure of the organization in there working which can be easily assures that it works in more
efficient and effective way and also improves the market share of the company. (Helmold, and
Terry, 2021)
.
Description
Six Sigma This approach or the method is very useful in order to make more efficient as
well as effective potential of the organization in terms of satisfaction of the
consumer as well as workers and also betterment of the living standard of the
lower level employees of the company. And in order to do this the appropriate
reason for the realization of efficient and effective result for the usage of this
method can be dedicating the practices of the organization towards making the
suitable decisions of operations in the company.
Lean
manufacturing
The functioning or the operation of the organization are be focused in terms
of providing the goods of consumers in various markets which have to obey
with the various standards of the business production. For this method the the
efforts over the usage of the proper techniques of operation are being taken
into account and it also assures that reduction of the cost of operation as well
as support of functioning with suitable usage of resources of the business.
(Rendon, and Snider, 2019)
Business
process
redesign
This method betters the effectiveness as well as efficiency of the organization
Cadbury by providing the appropriate standard in accordance to their external
atmosphere of the business in which the functions of a firm is being managed
and monitored. By adopting this technique leaders of the organization can
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facilitate effectual utilization of the resources of business that can assist
towards the appropriate performance as well as productivity of the business.
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in application to given project using
appropriate theories, models and concepts
In accordance to the current situation there are several operations that are being shown by
the managers of the respective organization as well as these managers of the company includes
several practices of the organization by implementing theories of project management in their
operations (Zwikael, and Meredith, 2019). This provides assistance to the organization in
increasing there performance towards their practices with respect to several operations of the
business effectively. these theories of the project management in context to the company
Cadbury has been mentioned below in brief:
 Inbound logistics: The specific theory is the level at the first phase which is offering the
procedure of operational management of the respective organization category.
Associates of the company is being getting the advantages with the usage of these
methods as they are more capable to make enhanced level of standards in their
functional environment of working of the organization.
 Strengths: The organization can make more appropriate working standards of their
workers by spending more on the resources at the time of maintaining the inner
elements which is offered in the operational management of the company. Hence bye
executing these techniques management of the respective organization can be more
capable to position their efforts of the towards the new project of onsite catering.
(Wedel, and Behnezhad, 2019)
◦ Limitations: Mentioned technique of this logistic of inbound consist of regular
observing of the operations that gives the outcomes in attainment of in his level of
cost of operation. Thus This theory can known to be very high level of cost
consuming for the company that gives the result in one of the major drawback to the
organization.
 Operations: The functions of the respective organization are being included in the me
name of customer centric services that can be opted by efficient methods of the
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operational management. This gives the associates of the company more better
possibility in order to enhance the brand image of the company in the market share as
well as also improves the presence of market by offering the best possible services as
well as protects to the consumers. Therefore leaders of the respective company can
make more appropriate level of working technique of their workers by executing more
flexibility of the functions and by this appropriate results can be attained by the
company. (Loginov, and Nosov, 2021)
◦ Strengths: The respective company has several stores as well as outlets and also
offering their services and products in the supermarkets that are functioning in
various countries around the world therefore utilizing several methods of
management of operation can create efficient style of performing of the company.
◦ Limitation: This infuse probable productivity from the staff as well as from the
resources that are operating in the respective company Cadbury but these methods of
the management of operation can sometimes fail in order to show their efficiency as
well as effectiveness in the environment of the business.
 Outbound logistics: This is another level of the project life cycle in which methods that
are coordinative are being implemented as well as taken into the account by the
organization. There are many types of problems that the organization is encountering in
the present situation which is main of it is pandemic COVID-19. It is one of the major
thread that is encountered by the organization and it can be minimise by successful
implementation of the project life cycle in the management. The management of the
Cadbury is introducing their services of delivery in order to engage their various
consumers towards the organization by offering them suitable facilities. (Szende,
Dalton, and Yoo, 2021)
◦ Strengths: In accordance to the current time the market of the respective
organization with the execution of the specific logistics which is outbound that can
provide assistance in making more suitable environment of working for the
Workers. Additionally the optimum usage of all and every resources can also
enhance the performance as well as productivity of the commercial business
◦ Limitation: It is the level in which several personalities of different workers can
make and can also lead to several disputes and conflicts in the organization as the
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staff in the organization me not behave appropriately with they are other members
and also attempt to impose their reaction and action on other people in the company.
Project life cycle is very crucial for the development of the organization as it needs to achieve
the goals and targets. This is the broad level project and in this condition essential projects and
theories that will be used search as waterfall theory. This framework is helpful too evaluate
phases of project life cycle from initial level to the end level and the manager of the project is
accountable for taking several suitable steps and actions in order to complete it appropriately.
 Requirement: In this level it shows the requirements of the several elements like
finances, automation, staff in the company and many others that are read it for
positioning the project appropriately. The approach of 6 Sigma is very helpful for the
respective company as this provide assistance to the organization in lowering the
wastage of resources as well as support achieving production. (Khan, 2019)
 Design: This level tells about the growth of the system which supports in effective
completion of the specific project. It is the stage of planning of the project life cycle
which represents that the commercial business should utilise its tools in production that
can minimise the level of wastage as well as associates of the company can opt
democratic style of leadership.
 Development: This stage of this framework shows the growth of the project as well as
how the project has been implemented. At the time when Cadbury desires to execute the
planning of the project then management requires to execute the approach of tqm that
majorly concentrate on the quality of the project (Baur, and Rieck, 2020).
 Maintenance: This stage is the last stage of the specific framework in which the
associates of the company will make several appropriate decisions and the leaders
should evaluate the project and take specific measures in order to organise the project.
This approach is appropriate in order to deal with several issues as well as risk which
are associated to the project and can encounter in the journey.
Application of project life-cycle and changes for small and large projects
It is refers to the technique that is executed by the organization in order to manage the
productivity at the time management are governing the business in the market. Stages of it
develops appropriate ethics of the workers in the respective company that involves competence
of working as a team in accordance to of project in several divisional areas of the business. Next
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stage which shows sampling of the resources in which suppliers of catering will be recruited and
hired in order to provide regular food items on site. The main goal is to provide food items as
well as food related services through the transportation facilities of the organization. Execution
of the project level involves the list of activities in which the organization has took it into the
account in the current time. In the last stage which is the closure of the project associates of the
Cadbury develops appropriate standard in the companies operations by accepting all the project
stages effectively and efficiently. (Hemmati, and Sajadieh, 2021)
 Methodolo
gy
 Small-Scale Projects  Large-scale Projects
 Total
Quality
Manageme
nt
 The implementation of the
tactic in the tasks which is
small-scale mainly attentive
on its value.
 This tactic must be
implemented so that the
value of the project can
be managed.
Administration must
perform TQM in an
operative style wherever
all level can be inspected
in acordnace to give
clearness and extensive
measures of safety in the
tasks.
 Six Sigma  Tender of the six-sigma
apply in accordance to
accomplish the strategies for
the employees who are
comprise in this project to
development their act.
 this methodology is
useful on the large-scale
projects so the health as
well as safety workers are
focused.
 Lean
Principles
Implementation of this style at very
minor level responsibilities is just like
assessing the act. (Lee, 2018)
 Management can
accomplish this method
in the process of positive
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the slightest resources
wastage and it will boost
the entire quality of the
plan.

Evaluation of PLC through practical and theoretical exploration of its effectiveness and
recommendations for improvements
There are many methods by which efficiency and effectiveness can be accomplished which are
mentioned below in brief:
 Clarity of project objectives: Project life cycle offer appropriate goal and vision towards
the aims that is very crucial in order to minimise the wastage of all the resources.
 Guidance of project activities: Ineffectual direction is offered in context of attaining the
functioning project activities.
 Result focus: Last attention can be dedicated in terms of outcome of the project.
Conclusion
From the above report it has been concluded that the stages of the project life cycle is
represented and it has the very crucial part in operational activities of the mentioned
organization. In addition to it the entire support of project life cycle can be enhanced in terms of
success as well as designing of efficient and effective strategy of operation towards effectual
functioning of the operational work of the organization. Together with it the efficient
representation of various methods of the projects are also shown in context of consistent plan of
improvement in the operations.
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REFERENCES
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Management Approach. CRC Press.
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Russian Agriculture. In International Scientific and Practical Conference Operations
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Zwikael, O. and Meredith, J.R., 2019. The role of organizational climate in setting project
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OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT: SHIFT OF FOCUS FROM COST/QUALITY TO
PEOPLE ISSUE.
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success. Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 9(2), p.56.
Arasteh, A., 2020, December. Considering Project Management Activities for Engineering
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