Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
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Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University PressKey Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Gain a detailed understanding of the protocols, network architectures, and techniques
being considered for 5G wireless networks with this authoritative guide to the state of
the art.
• Get up to speed with key topics such as cloud radio access networks, mobile
edge computing, full duplexing, massive MIMO, mmWave, NOMA, the Internet
of Things, M2M communications, D2D communications, mobile data offload-
ing, interference mitigation techniques, radio resource management, visible light
communication, and smart data pricing.
• Learn from leading researchers in academia and industry about the most recent
theoretical developments in the field.
• Discover how each potential technology can increase the capacity, spectral efficiency,
and energy efficiency of wireless systems.
Providing the most comprehensive overview of 5G technologies to date, this is an
essential reference for researchers, practicing engineers, and graduate students working
in wireless communications and networking.
Vincent W. S. Wong is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering at the University of British Columbia, Canada, and a Fellow of the IEEE.
Robert Schober is an Alexander von Humboldt Professor and the Chair for Digital Com-
munication at the Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
He is a Fellow of the IEEE, the Canadian Academy of Engineering, and the Engineering
Institute of Canada.
Derrick Wing Kwan Ng is a Lecturer in the School of Electrical Engineering and
Telecommunications at the University of New South Wales, Australia. He is an
Associate Editor of IEEE Communications Letters.
Li-Chun Wang is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
at National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, and a Fellow of the IEEE.
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University PressKey Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Gain a detailed understanding of the protocols, network architectures, and techniques
being considered for 5G wireless networks with this authoritative guide to the state of
the art.
• Get up to speed with key topics such as cloud radio access networks, mobile
edge computing, full duplexing, massive MIMO, mmWave, NOMA, the Internet
of Things, M2M communications, D2D communications, mobile data offload-
ing, interference mitigation techniques, radio resource management, visible light
communication, and smart data pricing.
• Learn from leading researchers in academia and industry about the most recent
theoretical developments in the field.
• Discover how each potential technology can increase the capacity, spectral efficiency,
and energy efficiency of wireless systems.
Providing the most comprehensive overview of 5G technologies to date, this is an
essential reference for researchers, practicing engineers, and graduate students working
in wireless communications and networking.
Vincent W. S. Wong is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering at the University of British Columbia, Canada, and a Fellow of the IEEE.
Robert Schober is an Alexander von Humboldt Professor and the Chair for Digital Com-
munication at the Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
He is a Fellow of the IEEE, the Canadian Academy of Engineering, and the Engineering
Institute of Canada.
Derrick Wing Kwan Ng is a Lecturer in the School of Electrical Engineering and
Telecommunications at the University of New South Wales, Australia. He is an
Associate Editor of IEEE Communications Letters.
Li-Chun Wang is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
at National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, and a Fellow of the IEEE.
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University PressKey Technologies for
5G Wireless Systems
VINCENT W. S. WONG
University of British Columbia
ROBERT SCHOBER
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
DERRICK WING KWAN NG
University of New South Wales
LI-CHUN WANG
National Chiao-Tung University
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University PressKey Technologies for
5G Wireless Systems
VINCENT W. S. WONG
University of British Columbia
ROBERT SCHOBER
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
DERRICK WING KWAN NG
University of New South Wales
LI-CHUN WANG
National Chiao-Tung University
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University PressUniversity Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom
One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA
477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
4843/24, 2nd Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, Delhi – 110002, India
79 Anson Road, #06-04/06, Singapore 079906
Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.
It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of
education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107172418
10.1017/9781316771655
c© Cambridge University Press 2017
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2017
Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd., Padstow, Cornwall
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
Names: Wong, Vincent W. S., editor.
Title: Key technologies for 5G wireless systems / edited by Vincent W.S. Wong [and 3 others].
Other titles: Key technologies for five G wireless systems
Description: Cambridge ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2017.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016045220 | ISBN 9781107172418 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Wireless communication systems. | Machine-to-machine
communications. | Internet of things.
Classification: LCC TK5103.2.K49 2017 | DDC 621.3845/6–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016045220
ISBN 978-1-107-17241-8 Hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of
URLs for external or third-party Internet websites referred to in this publication,
and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate.
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University PressUniversity Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom
One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA
477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
4843/24, 2nd Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, Delhi – 110002, India
79 Anson Road, #06-04/06, Singapore 079906
Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.
It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of
education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107172418
10.1017/9781316771655
c© Cambridge University Press 2017
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2017
Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd., Padstow, Cornwall
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
Names: Wong, Vincent W. S., editor.
Title: Key technologies for 5G wireless systems / edited by Vincent W.S. Wong [and 3 others].
Other titles: Key technologies for five G wireless systems
Description: Cambridge ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2017.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016045220 | ISBN 9781107172418 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Wireless communication systems. | Machine-to-machine
communications. | Internet of things.
Classification: LCC TK5103.2.K49 2017 | DDC 621.3845/6–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016045220
ISBN 978-1-107-17241-8 Hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of
URLs for external or third-party Internet websites referred to in this publication,
and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate.
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University PressContents
List of Contributors page xvi
Preface xxi
1 Overview of New Technologies for 5G Systems 1
Vincent W. S. Wong, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, and Li-Chun Wang
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Cloud Radio Access Networks 3
1.3 Cloud Computing and Fog Computing 4
1.4 Non-orthogonal Multiple Access 4
1.5 Flexible Physical Layer Design 6
1.6 Massive MIMO 7
1.7 Full-Duplex Communications 9
1.8 Millimeter Wave 12
1.9 Mobile Data Offloading, LTE-Unlicensed, and Smart Data Pricing 13
1.10 IoT, M2M, and D2D 14
1.11 Radio Resource Management, Interference Mitigation, and Caching 16
1.12 Energy Harvesting Communications 17
1.13 Visible Light Communication 19
Acknowledgments 20
References 20
Part I Communication Network Architectures for 5G Systems 25
2 Cloud Radio Access Networks for 5G Systems 27
Chih-Lin I, Jinri Huang, Xueyan Huang, Rongwei Ren, and Yami Chen
2.1 Rethinking the Fundamentals for 5G Systems 27
2.2 User-Centric Networks 29
2.3 C-RAN Basics 29
2.3.1 C-RAN Challenges Toward 5G 30
2.4 Next Generation Fronthaul Interface (NGFI): The FH Solution
for 5G C-RAN 31
2.4.1 Proof-of-Concept Development of NGFI 33
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University PressContents
List of Contributors page xvi
Preface xxi
1 Overview of New Technologies for 5G Systems 1
Vincent W. S. Wong, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, and Li-Chun Wang
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Cloud Radio Access Networks 3
1.3 Cloud Computing and Fog Computing 4
1.4 Non-orthogonal Multiple Access 4
1.5 Flexible Physical Layer Design 6
1.6 Massive MIMO 7
1.7 Full-Duplex Communications 9
1.8 Millimeter Wave 12
1.9 Mobile Data Offloading, LTE-Unlicensed, and Smart Data Pricing 13
1.10 IoT, M2M, and D2D 14
1.11 Radio Resource Management, Interference Mitigation, and Caching 16
1.12 Energy Harvesting Communications 17
1.13 Visible Light Communication 19
Acknowledgments 20
References 20
Part I Communication Network Architectures for 5G Systems 25
2 Cloud Radio Access Networks for 5G Systems 27
Chih-Lin I, Jinri Huang, Xueyan Huang, Rongwei Ren, and Yami Chen
2.1 Rethinking the Fundamentals for 5G Systems 27
2.2 User-Centric Networks 29
2.3 C-RAN Basics 29
2.3.1 C-RAN Challenges Toward 5G 30
2.4 Next Generation Fronthaul Interface (NGFI): The FH Solution
for 5G C-RAN 31
2.4.1 Proof-of-Concept Development of NGFI 33
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Pressvi Contents
2.5 Proof-of-Concept Verification of Virtualized C-RAN 35
2.5.1 Data Packets 37
2.5.2 Test Procedure 38
2.5.3 Test Results 39
2.6 Rethinking the Protocol Stack for C-RAN 40
2.6.1 Motivation 40
2.6.2 Multilevel Centralized and Distributed Protocol Stack 40
2.7 Conclusion 45
Acknowledgments 46
References 46
3 Fronthaul-Aware Design for Cloud Radio Access Networks 48
Liang Liu, Wei Yu, and Osvaldo Simeone
3.1 Introduction 48
3.2 Fronthaul-Aware Cooperative Transmission and Reception 49
3.2.1 Uplink 51
3.2.2 Downlink 57
3.3 Fronthaul-Aware Data Link and Physical Layers 61
3.3.1 Uplink 63
3.3.2 Downlink 69
3.4 Conclusion 73
Acknowledgments 74
References 74
4 Mobile Edge Computing 76
Ben Liang
4.1 Introduction 76
4.2 Mobile Edge Computing 77
4.3 Reference Architecture 79
4.4 Benefits and Application Scenarios 80
4.4.1 User-Oriented Use Cases 80
4.4.2 Operator-Oriented Use Cases 81
4.5 Research Challenges 82
4.5.1 Computation Offloading 82
4.5.2 Communication Access to Computational Resources 83
4.5.3 Multi-resource Scheduling 84
4.5.4 Mobility Management 85
4.5.5 Resource Allocation and Pricing 85
4.5.6 Network Functions Virtualization 86
4.5.7 Security and Privacy 86
4.5.8 Integration with Emerging Technologies 87
4.6 Conclusion 88
References 88
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Pressvi Contents
2.5 Proof-of-Concept Verification of Virtualized C-RAN 35
2.5.1 Data Packets 37
2.5.2 Test Procedure 38
2.5.3 Test Results 39
2.6 Rethinking the Protocol Stack for C-RAN 40
2.6.1 Motivation 40
2.6.2 Multilevel Centralized and Distributed Protocol Stack 40
2.7 Conclusion 45
Acknowledgments 46
References 46
3 Fronthaul-Aware Design for Cloud Radio Access Networks 48
Liang Liu, Wei Yu, and Osvaldo Simeone
3.1 Introduction 48
3.2 Fronthaul-Aware Cooperative Transmission and Reception 49
3.2.1 Uplink 51
3.2.2 Downlink 57
3.3 Fronthaul-Aware Data Link and Physical Layers 61
3.3.1 Uplink 63
3.3.2 Downlink 69
3.4 Conclusion 73
Acknowledgments 74
References 74
4 Mobile Edge Computing 76
Ben Liang
4.1 Introduction 76
4.2 Mobile Edge Computing 77
4.3 Reference Architecture 79
4.4 Benefits and Application Scenarios 80
4.4.1 User-Oriented Use Cases 80
4.4.2 Operator-Oriented Use Cases 81
4.5 Research Challenges 82
4.5.1 Computation Offloading 82
4.5.2 Communication Access to Computational Resources 83
4.5.3 Multi-resource Scheduling 84
4.5.4 Mobility Management 85
4.5.5 Resource Allocation and Pricing 85
4.5.6 Network Functions Virtualization 86
4.5.7 Security and Privacy 86
4.5.8 Integration with Emerging Technologies 87
4.6 Conclusion 88
References 88
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University PressContents vii
5 Decentralized Radio Resource Management for Dense Heterogeneous
Wireless Networks 92
Abolfazl Mehbodniya and Fumiyuki Adachi
5.1 Introduction 92
5.2 System Model 93
5.2.1 SINR Expression 95
5.2.2 Load and Cost Function Expressions 95
5.3 Joint BSCSA/UECSA ON/OFF Switching Scheme 96
5.3.1 Strategy Selection and Beacon Transmission 96
5.3.2 UE Association 96
5.3.3 Proposed Channel Segregation Algorithms 98
5.3.4 Mixed-Strategy Update 100
5.4 Computer Simulation 101
5.5 Conclusion 104
Acknowledgments 104
References 105
Part II Physical Layer Communication Techniques 107
6 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for 5G Systems 109
Wei Liang, Zhiguo Ding, and H. Vincent Poor
6.1 Introduction 110
6.2 NOMA in Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) Systems 112
6.2.1 The Basics of NOMA 112
6.2.2 Impact of User Pairing on NOMA 113
6.2.3 Cognitive Radio Inspired NOMA 116
6.3 NOMA in MIMO Systems 120
6.3.1 System Model for MIMO-NOMA Schemes 121
6.3.2 Design of Precoding and Detection Matrices with Limited CSIT 123
6.3.3 Design of Precoding and Detection Matrices with Perfect CSIT 126
6.4 Summary and Future Directions 128
References 130
7 Flexible Physical Layer Design 133
Maximilian Matthé, Martin Danneberg, Dan Zhang, and Gerhard Fettweis
7.1 Introduction 133
7.2 Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing 135
7.3 Software-Defined Waveform 137
7.3.1 Time Domain Processing 138
7.3.2 Implementation Architecture 138
7.4 GFDM Receiver Design 141
7.4.1 Synchronization Unit 142
7.4.2 Channel Estimation Unit 144
7.4.3 MIMO-GFDM Detection Unit 145
978-1-107-17241-8 — Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong , Robert Schober , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Li-Chun Wang
Frontmatter
More Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University PressContents vii
5 Decentralized Radio Resource Management for Dense Heterogeneous
Wireless Networks 92
Abolfazl Mehbodniya and Fumiyuki Adachi
5.1 Introduction 92
5.2 System Model 93
5.2.1 SINR Expression 95
5.2.2 Load and Cost Function Expressions 95
5.3 Joint BSCSA/UECSA ON/OFF Switching Scheme 96
5.3.1 Strategy Selection and Beacon Transmission 96
5.3.2 UE Association 96
5.3.3 Proposed Channel Segregation Algorithms 98
5.3.4 Mixed-Strategy Update 100
5.4 Computer Simulation 101
5.5 Conclusion 104
Acknowledgments 104
References 105
Part II Physical Layer Communication Techniques 107
6 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for 5G Systems 109
Wei Liang, Zhiguo Ding, and H. Vincent Poor
6.1 Introduction 110
6.2 NOMA in Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) Systems 112
6.2.1 The Basics of NOMA 112
6.2.2 Impact of User Pairing on NOMA 113
6.2.3 Cognitive Radio Inspired NOMA 116
6.3 NOMA in MIMO Systems 120
6.3.1 System Model for MIMO-NOMA Schemes 121
6.3.2 Design of Precoding and Detection Matrices with Limited CSIT 123
6.3.3 Design of Precoding and Detection Matrices with Perfect CSIT 126
6.4 Summary and Future Directions 128
References 130
7 Flexible Physical Layer Design 133
Maximilian Matthé, Martin Danneberg, Dan Zhang, and Gerhard Fettweis
7.1 Introduction 133
7.2 Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing 135
7.3 Software-Defined Waveform 137
7.3.1 Time Domain Processing 138
7.3.2 Implementation Architecture 138
7.4 GFDM Receiver Design 141
7.4.1 Synchronization Unit 142
7.4.2 Channel Estimation Unit 144
7.4.3 MIMO-GFDM Detection Unit 145
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