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Cancer Biology & Medicine - PDF

   

Added on  2021-06-17

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Running head: PUBLIC HEALTHLung Cancer: Lifespan Development 45- 64+ years (The state of Australian health over the life-span)Name of student:Name of university:Author note:

1PUBLIC HEALTH Table of ContentsIntroduction......................................................................................................................................2Key risk factors for the disease across the lifespan.........................................................................3Relation of the condition to physical/cognitive/psychosocial development stages.........................5Interventions across the lifespan that could reduce or prevent the burden of disease.....................6Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8References........................................................................................................................................9

2PUBLIC HEALTH IntroductionLung cancer is a leading form of cancer and a notable cause of mortality across the globe.The economic burden of the disease due to high mortality rate is significantly high. Lung cancer,also termed a lung carcinoma is the condition of the lungs where there is formation of malignanttumor due to uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues. The growth might spread beyond the lungthrough metastasis to nearby tissues. It has been noted that most cancer originating at the lungsare carcinomas. The two main types aresmall-cell lung carcinoma(SCLC) andnon-small-celllung carcinoma (NSCLC).Research indicates that lung cancer was the 5th most commonly occurring form of cancerin Australia in the year 2013 after cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease. The sameyear saw 11,174 new cases of lung cancer diagnosis in the country (1). Epidemiological datahighlights that lung cancer is the most common cause behind cancer related deaths amongindividuals aged between 45-64 years. As lung cancer leads to more deaths as compared to otherforms of cancer, 3204 females and 5028 males died due to it in 2013. In 2017 the number of lungcancer cases was 124000 which were 9.3% of all cancer cases (2). Lung cancer is morediagnosed in individuals aged 60 years and above. Lung cancer was the second most commoncause of premature deaths among individuals aged 45 years and above in the years 2011-13. Dataalso indicates that the rate of lung cancer increases with age. The median age of death forindividuals suffering from lung cancer was 73.5 years in the year 2015. The last one decadewitnessed a steady increase in the rate of lung cancer deaths among male patients. However, forfemale patients the rate of death has been stable (3). For men above the age of 45 years, the

3PUBLIC HEALTH second cause of burden is lung cancer that follows coronary heart disease. Lung cancer was thesecond leading cause of death among females under the age of 75 years. The present paper aims to analyze the state of Australian health in relation to lung cancerover the life span of 45-65+ years. The paper discusses the key risk factors for the disease acrossthe selected lifespan. It further describes how the condition relates to varied physical, cognitive,psychosocial development stages and compare how this differs across genders. In addition, focusis given to the interventions across the lifespan that could reduce or prevent the burden ofdisease. A concluding summary is provided at the end of the report. Key risk factors for the disease across the lifespan Consistent attention has been given to understand the risk factors related to incidence oflung cancer among individuals of the age 45-65+ years. The need of controlling these risk factorshas been acknowledged by healthcare organizations in the country. Based on extensive literatureit has been concluded that lung cancer mostly affects those above the age of 40 years. Thediagnosis is mostly done among patients above the age of 50 years. Further, most patientsundergo diagnosis when they are suffering from stage III or stage IV of the disease. Evidencefrom world-wide research highlights the population shift of suffering different forms of cancertowards older age. The shift has favored a higher chance of developing lung cancer at an olderage (4).The physiologic changes related to aging have been linked with the increased risk ofsuffering lung cancer. The respiratory system of an individual at an old age is known to undergonumerous immunological, physical and structural changes due to age. From the functional pointof view, there is a considerable declination in the capacity of the lungs to carry out its normal

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