Cancer Epidemiology - Assignment
Added on 2021-06-15
5 Pages1031 Words54 Views
|
|
|
Cancer Epidemiology.Q1.There is positive association between sun exposure and cancer of the skin. It affects exposed parts such as legs, hand and scalp. Immediate exposure may cause sunburns which in most cases proceed to melanoma. Long time exposure leads to basal cell and squamous cell cancers.There is a negative association between sun exposure and cancers of the pancreas, breast, colon, ovarian and prostatic. There is a lower risk of cancer due to increased synthesis of vitamin D which protective against cancer.Q2.An adult human being can absorb about 3.65 millisiverts per year. In addition to the background radiation, the amount of UV radiation adds up to this. The higher maximum is 4 millisieverts.Q3.UV radiation has ionizing effects on the DNA. This results in dimerization of base pairs which precipitates spontaneous mutations. This is a precursor of mutations which lead to uncontrolled cell growth leading to cancer.It may also cause immune suppression in the body. The mechanism of the body to suppress tumors is decreased leading to their unrestricted development.
Q4.Chronic exposure to sun may lead to photo adaptation where there will be an increased melanin formation which reduces the risk of cancer. Exposure to UVB increase the production of vitamin D which is subsequently metabolized into its active form through the liver and kidney. It enhances DNA repair which is implicated with causing mutations.Q5.Breast cancerAccording to Engel etal. (2010), there was a 27% reduced breast cancer incidence among women with the highest levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D, that is, greater than 25ng/mL compared to those with lowest levels of 19.8ng/ml. this shows the negative association with the amount of 25(OH) Vitamin D levels. Mohr etal. (2014) supports this finding through a case study on increased survival for cancer patients attributed to vitamin D. Knight et al. (2007) established that an increased sunlight exposure between the ages of 11 and 19 reduced the risk of breast cancer by 35. These articles can further collaborate the finding. More studies should be done on women in different geographical location to identify how the amount of UV influences this protective mechanism.Q6.The amount of UV depends on factors such as: time of the day, season of the year, latitude, altitude, cloud cover and reflection on surfaces. The amount of UV will vary with these conditions. Any calculation should be made with respect the above factors. The amount of
End of preview
Want to access all the pages? Upload your documents or become a member.
Related Documents
Principles and Practice of Public Health Assignmentlg...
|17
|4649
|31
Case Study on Treatment of Various Skin 2022lg...
|13
|3929
|9