Cancer and Physiology of Cells

Running Head: CANCER AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CELLS
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Cancer in context on normal physiology of the cells
Student Name

CANCER AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CELLS
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Table of Contents
Normal Physiology of cells........................................................................................................2
Effects of cancer on cells system...............................................................................................3
Treatment...................................................................................................................................4
References..................................................................................................................................5

CANCER AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CELLS
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Cancer in context on normal physiology of the cells
Normal Physiology of cells
Cells are defined as the living building blocks of the body and smallest structural and
functional unit of the body (Sherwood, 2015). The animal cells can form tissues such as
muscle tissues, the lining of the intestine. An organ is formed by the group of tissues with the
same function and the organs combined together to make a system such as the circulatory
system, digestive system, nervous system (BBC, 2014). Cell replication process which is the
main function of cells involved in wound healing and creating new tissues. There are other
many functions of a cell to the body such as providing structure and support, Growth by
mitosis process, facilitate active and passive transport, energy production and initiation of
metabolic reactions that are important for the normal functioning of the body (Bose, 2018).
The cell also takes part in metabolism where biochemical macromolecule has been made
and unwanted substances are degraded in the smaller molecule and excreted from the cell
system (IvyRose Holisitc, 2018). Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) present inside the nucleus
of the cell has various functions inside the human system. They contain genetic information
and act as a blueprint at the time of cell replication. DNA ensures that copy of the cell should
be an exact clone of another cell and also provides instructions for protein synthesis inside
the cell. Programmed Cell Death is another important process for development of the body
and tissue homeostasis. If there is any abnormality occurs in these processes, it leads to
various human diseases (Peter, 2011).
The reproduction process is carried out with the help of cells. A single egg is fused
with sperm to make a zygote which divided multiple times to form a complete human body
(Chandler, 2017). A cell is consists of three parts, cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
Plasma membrane act as a separating wall which transport only specific molecule from
outside to inside the cell and form cell to the outside, a jelly-like fluid called cytoplasm is filled
inside the cell where all the organelles float freely. The nucleus which contains a genetic
material decides the functions of the cell (Bailey, 2017). Organelles found in the cytoplasm of
each cell have specific structure and functions. ER (endoplasmic reticulum) takes part in the
transportation of the molecules created by the cell. Stress occurred in endoplasmic reticulum
takes part in cell death which is the main stage of a cell cycle to eliminate the non-functional
cells and to protect the organ (Wang, Groenendyk & Michalak, 2014). GA plays an important
role in transport of lipids around the cell to maintain the cells integrity. Lysosomes and
peroxisomes engulf the foreign cell and excrete these toxic substances out of the cell to
protect a cell from bacterial invade. Mitochondrion which is called powerhouse of the cell